Practical Arduino: Cool Projects for Open Source Hardware

441 Pages·2010·6.28 MB·English

by  Jonathan Oxer

Practical Arduino
Cool Projects for
Open Source Hardware

(cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2)
Jonathan Oxer
Hugh Blemings
Practical Arduino: Cool Projects for Open Source Hardware
Copyright © 2009 by Jonathan Oxer and Hugh Blemings
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information
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publisher.
ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-2477-8
ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-2478-5
Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
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infringement of the trademark.
Cover picture of Arduino Duemilanove used with permission of SparkFun Electronics.
Publisher and President: Paul Manning
Lead Editor: Michelle Lowman
Technical Reviewers: Nathan Seidle, Andy Gelme, Thomas Sprinkmeier, Trent Lloyd, Scott
Penrose, Marc Alexander, Philip Lindsay
Editorial Board: Clay Andres, Steve Anglin, Mark Beckner, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell,
Jonathan Gennick, Jonathan Hassell, Michelle Lowman, Matthew Moodie, Duncan Parkes,
Jeffrey Pepper, Frank Pohlmann, Douglas Pundick, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic
Shakeshaft, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh
Coordinating Editor: Jim Markham
Copy Editor: Vanessa Moore
Compositor: Bytheway Publishing Services
Indexer: Julie Grady
Artist: April Milne
Cover Designer: Anna Ishchenko
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For everyone who looks at the everyday objects around them and sees the potential of what they could
become...

For all those in the Free & Open Source Software/Hardware Communities that create the tools to help
realise those potentials.
(cid:2) CONTENTS
Contents at a Glance
(cid:2) About the Authors................................................................................................xiv
(cid:2) About the Technical Reviewers............................................................................xv
(cid:2) Acknowledgments..............................................................................................xvii
(cid:2) Chapter 1: Introduction...........................................................................................1
(cid:2) Chapter 2: Appliance Remote Control...................................................................17
(cid:2) Chapter 3: Time-Lapse Camera Controller............................................................37
(cid:2) Chapter 4: Virtual USB Keyboard..........................................................................51
(cid:2) Chapter 5: PS/2 Keyboard or Mouse Input...........................................................63
(cid:2) Chapter 6: Security/Automation Sensors.............................................................81
(cid:2) Chapter 7: Online Thermometer..........................................................................101
(cid:2) Chapter 8: Touch Control Panel..........................................................................121
(cid:2) Chapter 9: Speech Synthesizer...........................................................................139
(cid:2) Chapter 10: Water Flow Gauge...........................................................................163
(cid:2) Chapter 11: Oscilloscope/Logic Analyzer...........................................................187
(cid:2) Chapter 12: Water Tank Depth Sensor................................................................211
(cid:2) Chapter 13: Weather Station Receiver................................................................241
(cid:2) Chapter 14: RFID Access Control System...........................................................273
(cid:2) Chapter 15: Vehicle Telemetry Platform.............................................................301
(cid:2) Chapter 16: Resources........................................................................................397
(cid:2) Index...................................................................................................................425
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(cid:2)
Contents
(cid:2) About the Authors................................................................................................xiv
(cid:2) About the Technical Reviewers............................................................................xv
(cid:2) Acknowledgments..............................................................................................xvii
(cid:2) Chapter 1: Introduction...........................................................................................1
Fundamentals....................................................................................................................2
Sharing Your Work.............................................................................................................2
Practical Electronics for Software Developers..................................................................2
Current, Voltage, and Power.....................................................................................................................2
Mains Is Nasty..........................................................................................................................................3
Reading Schematics.................................................................................................................................4
Resistance and Resistors.........................................................................................................................6
Ohm’s Law and Current Limiting..............................................................................................................7
Choosing Wire...........................................................................................................................................9
Diodes.......................................................................................................................................................9
Power Supplies.......................................................................................................................................10
Capacitance and Capacitors...................................................................................................................12
ESD Precautions.....................................................................................................................................14
Tools.......................................................................................................................................................14
Parts.......................................................................................................................................................15
Further Reading......................................................................................................................................16
(cid:2) Chapter 2: Appliance Remote Control...................................................................17
Parts Required.................................................................................................................17
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(cid:2) CONTENTS
Instructions......................................................................................................................19
Test and Investigate Appliance Remote.................................................................................................19
Assemble Reed Relay Shield..................................................................................................................21
Connect Reed Relay Shield to Remote Control.......................................................................................25
Create Reed Relay Control Program.......................................................................................................27
Test Reed Relay Shield and Sketch........................................................................................................32
Variations.........................................................................................................................34
Wireless Link..........................................................................................................................................34
Automatic Trigger...................................................................................................................................34
Socket Connections................................................................................................................................35
(cid:2) Chapter 3: Time-Lapse Camera Controller............................................................37
Parts Required.................................................................................................................37
Instructions......................................................................................................................39
Assemble Prototyping Shield..................................................................................................................39
Connect Camera Shutter Release...........................................................................................................39
Configure Camera...................................................................................................................................44
Calculate Photo Interval..........................................................................................................................44
Configure and Load Sketch....................................................................................................................44
Check Memory Capacity.........................................................................................................................48
Set Up Your Shoot...................................................................................................................................48
Process the Images................................................................................................................................48
Variations.........................................................................................................................49
(cid:2) Chapter 4: Virtual USB Keyboard..........................................................................51
Parts Required.................................................................................................................51
Instructions......................................................................................................................53
Populate Prototyping Shield...................................................................................................................53
Prepare the UsbKeyboard Library...........................................................................................................56
Compile and Upload Sketch....................................................................................................................57
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(cid:2) CONTENTS
Variations.........................................................................................................................61
Chording Keyboard.................................................................................................................................61
(cid:2) Chapter 5: PS/2 Keyboard or Mouse Input...........................................................63
Parts Required.................................................................................................................63
Instructions......................................................................................................................64
PS/2 Connections...................................................................................................................................65
Recycled 6-Pin Mini-DIN Sockets...........................................................................................................66
6-Pin Mini-DIN Panel Sockets................................................................................................................67
PS/2 Extension Cable..............................................................................................................................69
Keyboard Software.................................................................................................................................73
Mouse Software.....................................................................................................................................76
Variations................................................................................................................................................79
Resources........................................................................................................................80
(cid:2) Chapter 6: Security/Automation Sensors.............................................................81
Parts Required.................................................................................................................82
Instructions......................................................................................................................84
Security Sensor Basics...........................................................................................................................84
Assemble Four-Channel Alarm Sensor Shield........................................................................................87
Install End-of-Line Resistors on Sensor.................................................................................................92
Load Test Program.................................................................................................................................95
PIR Placement........................................................................................................................................98
Variations.........................................................................................................................98
Visual Display Written in Processing......................................................................................................98
Home Security System...........................................................................................................................99
Multiple Buttons on One Input................................................................................................................99
(cid:2) Chapter 7: Online Thermometer..........................................................................101
Parts Required...............................................................................................................101
Instructions....................................................................................................................103
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(cid:2) CONTENTS
Mount PCB Plugs on Shield..................................................................................................................103
Connect Data Lines...............................................................................................................................105
Assemble Sensors................................................................................................................................106
Load Program................................................................................................................108
Variations.......................................................................................................................119
(cid:2) Chapter 8: Touch Control Panel..........................................................................121
Parts Required...............................................................................................................122
Instructions....................................................................................................................123
How Resistive Touch Screens Work.....................................................................................................123
Basic Touch Screen Connection Test...................................................................................................126
Arduino TouchScreen Library...............................................................................................................128
Controlling a “Processing” Program.....................................................................................................128
Construct Hardware for Home Automation Control Panel....................................................................131
Calibrate Hot Zones..............................................................................................................................134
Mount Arduino......................................................................................................................................137
(cid:2) Chapter 9: Speech Synthesizer...........................................................................139
Parts Required...............................................................................................................140
Instructions....................................................................................................................142
Instructions....................................................................................................................143
Speech Output Signal...........................................................................................................................143
Beginning Assembly.............................................................................................................................144
SpeakJet PWM "Audio" Output............................................................................................................145
Quick Test.............................................................................................................................................146
Fit Status Indicators..............................................................................................................................146
Making a Line-Level Output Cable........................................................................................................149
On-Board Amplifier...............................................................................................................................150
Speech Synthesizer Software...............................................................................................................152
Create Your Own Messages..................................................................................................................154
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(cid:2) CONTENTS
Variations.......................................................................................................................161
Read SpeakJet Status.................................................................................................161
Resources.............................................................................................................................................162
(cid:2) Chapter 10: Water Flow Gauge...........................................................................163
Parts Required...............................................................................................................164
Instructions....................................................................................................................165
Replace Sensor Connector...................................................................................................................165
Prepare Prototyping Shield...................................................................................................................166
Prepare LCD Module.............................................................................................................................168
Fit LCD to Case.....................................................................................................................................171
Fit Arduino in Case...............................................................................................................................173
Determine Scaling Factor.....................................................................................................................174
Configure, Compile, and Test Sketch...................................................................................................175
Flow Gauge Sketch...............................................................................................................................178
Install Flow Sensor...............................................................................................................................185
Variations.......................................................................................................................186
Online Logging......................................................................................................................................186
Multiple Sensors...................................................................................................................................186
Resources......................................................................................................................186
(cid:2) Chapter 11: Oscilloscope/Logic Analyzer...........................................................187
Parts Required...............................................................................................................189
Instructions....................................................................................................................191
Assemble the Case...............................................................................................................................192
Fit the Prototyping Shield.....................................................................................................................195
Make Test Probes.................................................................................................................................196
Connection to Circuit under Test..........................................................................................................199
Install Software in Arduino...................................................................................................................200
Install Processing and Run Visualization Program...............................................................................205
ix
(cid:2) CONTENTS
Variations.......................................................................................................................207
Input Voltage Prescaler........................................................................................................................207
Resources......................................................................................................................208
(cid:2) Chapter 12: Water Tank Depth Sensor................................................................211
Parts Required...............................................................................................................212
Instructions....................................................................................................................213
Assemble the Shield.............................................................................................................................216
Determine Sensor Installation Method.................................................................................................218
Assemble the Sensor Housing..............................................................................................................221
Assemble the Arduino Housing.............................................................................................................225
Install the WiShield Library and Driver.................................................................................................228
Load the Tank-Level Sketch.................................................................................................................229
Prettier Web Interface..........................................................................................................................233
Calibrating the “Empty Tank” Level.....................................................................................................236
Install the Sensor and Arduino.............................................................................................................237
Calibrating the “Full Tank” Level..........................................................................................................238
Variations.......................................................................................................................238
Upload Data to Pachube.......................................................................................................................238
Control Pumps or Irrigation..................................................................................................................238
Local Level Display...............................................................................................................................239
Reading Multiple Tanks........................................................................................................................239
(cid:2) Chapter 13: Weather Station Receiver................................................................241
Parts Required...............................................................................................................244
Instructions....................................................................................................................244
Test and Install the Weather Station....................................................................................................244
Understanding the Circuit.....................................................................................................................245
Assemble the Receiver Shield..............................................................................................................248
Weather Station Receiver Program......................................................................................................252
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