Power Generation and Environmental Change

456 Pages·1971·18.669 MB·English

by  David A. Berkowitz, Arthur M. Squires

Power
Generatiaonnd
Environmental
Change
The MIT Press, Symposoiftu hme
CambridgMea,s sachusetts, Commitotne e
andL ondonE,n gland
EnvironAmletnetraalt ion,
AmeriAcsasno cifaotri on
thAed vanceomfSe cnite nce,
Decem2b8e1,r9 69
Power Editbeyd
Generatiaonnd DavAi.dB erkowitz
Environmteanl anAdr th]\u.fSr.q uires
Change
Copyrig©h t1 97b1y
TheM assachusIentsttsi touft e
Technology
Seti nL inotyBpaes kervbiyl le
TheC oloniParle sIsn c.
PrintbeydH allidLaiyt hograCpohrp .
Boundi nt heU niteSdt atoefs
Americbay T heC oloniParle sIsn c.
ReproductoifoC nh apte9r,1s 81,9 ,
and2 1i sp ermittfeodra nyp urpose
oft heU niteSdt atGeosv ernmf'nt.
Allr ighrtess ervNeod p.a rotf t his
bookw itthh ee xceptniootne d
mayb er eproduicnea dn yf orm
orb ya nym eanse,l ectroonri c
mechanical, inpchloutdoicnogp ying,
recordionrgb ,y a nyi nformation
storaagned r etriesvyaslt ewmi,t hout
permissiinow nr itifnrgo mt he
publisher.
ISBN0 2620 20762 ( hardcover)
LibraorfyC ongrecsast alcoagr d
number7:0 -137468
Contents
Preface x
Commitotne e xiv
EnvironAmletnetraalt ion
SymposPiruomg ram xvi
LisotfC ontributors xviii
I
PowerM,a n,
andE nvironment
I
EnviromnentSacli ence JamAe.sF ay 3
andP ubliPco liyc
2
PowerG eneration FredeEr. Simcikt h 7
andH uman Ecology
3
FuturNee edsf orP ower WallBa.cB ee hnJkr.e . 11
fromC oal
II
Nuclear Power and
Radionuclides
int heE nvironment
4
NucleaPro werR eactors MerrEiils enbud 23
andt heR adioactive
Environment
Contents vi
5
NucleaRre actoarnsd t he ArthTuarm plin 44
PubliHce altahn dS afety
6
OtherV iewos n
PubliHce altahn dS afety
II ntroduction TheE ditors 61
IIC ommeonnt s CharWl. eEsd ington6,3
"Nuclear aRnedta hcet oJrosh Rn.L aughnan,
PublHieca latnhSd a fety"G eorEg.Ste a pleton,
andD aniW.e Wli lson
IICIo mmeonnt s MerrEiils enbud 75
"NuclReeaarc taonrds the
PublHieca latnhSd a fety"
IVL ow-LReavdeila tionS hieWladrsr en 78
andH ealotfth h Peu blic
7
Investigaotfit ohne MarBy.M eyer, 82
Effectosf X -RayE xposure EarLl.D iamond,
ofH uman FemalFee tuses anTdi motMheyr z
asM easurebdy L ater
ReproductiPveer formance:
InteriSmu mmary
8
RadiatiDoons eL imits StuPdayn oenl 94
NuclPeoawrPe lra nts,
MarylAacnadd eomfy
Sciences
Contents \'ii
9
RadiatiDoons efsr om JamEe.sM artin, 107
Fossil-aFnude l ErneDs.Ht a rward,
NucleaPro werP lants anDdo naTl.Od a kley
126
DiscussiQoune stions
forP artII
III
HydroelecPtorwiecr
10
Ecological oEfff ectS KarFl.L agler 133
HydroelecDtarmisc
11
PumpedS torage DavAi.dB erkowit1z5 8
HydroelecPtrroijce cts
IV
Fossil-PFouweelr
12
CleanP owerf romC oal, ArthMu.Sr q uires 175
ata Profit
13
Dealinwgi thS ulfur SeymoB.uA rl pert,2 28
inR esiduFaule lO il RonaHl.Wd o lk,
anAdr thMu.Sr q uires
14
ClimatCiocn sequenocfe s GordJo.Fn .M acDona2l46d
IncreasCeadr boDni oxide
int heA tmosphere
Contents viii
15
AtmopsheriCch emistry RichDa.rC da dle 263
anEdr iRc.A llen
16
The Fateo fS O:!a nd EriEkr iksson 289
NO", int heA tmopshere
17
An Isopteo-RatiMoe thod MeyeSrt einberg 302
forT racinAgt mospheric
SulfuPro llutants
18
EnvironmenAtspaelc ts HarPreyr ry 317
ofC oalM ining
V
WasteH eat
19
S:F erdS inger 343
EnvironmenQtuaall itayn d
theE conomiocfsC oolgi n
20
ClareAn.Cc aer lJsro.n3 ,5 1
Impacotf W asteH eat
on AquatiEcc ology
21
WaltGe.Br e lter 365
ThermaElff ects-
a PotentiParlo blem
inP erpsective
Contents ix
22
Commentosn t heU se RobeTr.Jt a ske 387
andA buseo fE nergy
int heA mericaEnc onomy
23
WillHi.aS mt eigel3m9a4n n
AlternatTievceh nologies
forD ischargWiansgt eH eat
GlososfaN ruyc lTeearrm s 412
anUdn its
Index 415
Preface
Thibso ocko mprtihspeer so ceeodfti hnsegy sm posoinu m
PoweGern eraatniEdon nv ironCmheanntwgaielta hd ditional,
invictoendt ributsiyomnpso.sw iaTpusham ero tft h1e3 6th
AnnuMaele toifnt ghA em eriAcsasno cifaottrhi Aeod nv ance­
menotfS cieIntwc aess.p onsboytr heAedA ACSo mmitotne e
EnvironAmletnetraaalnt adir orna nbgyAe rdt hMu.Sr q uiar es,
memboefrt hceo mmitatnDedae v,Ai .dB erkotwhieetx ze,c u­
tisveec r.e tary
AAASa nnumaele tihnagvbsee cocmoem palffeaxi wrist,h
mansyi multsaynmepoouossfg i raei antt eanrdet sitm elIitin se ss.
diffictuoml ati ntcaoinnt ionfsu uibtjyie nacs ti nsgylmep osium
thalta smtosrt eh aonn dea ya,nu dn reastoone axbpleuecn ti form
repaetatte ndTahnesc yem.p osoinPu omw Geern eraatnido n
EnvironCmheanntwgaaells i mittoaes di ndgaltyeoe ncourage
alalt tentdose tyeaa sn hde atrhw eh oslteo Irtwy a.ls o nagn d
exhaugbs utatip npeatrobe esd u ccessful.
Inp repatrhipenr go ceetdhieend gisto,off resrt ehpdea r­
ticiptahonept pso rttuocn ointtyr piabpuettrhesaw te rleo nger
anmdo rceo mpltehtatenh otsheew ye raeb lteod eliavtte hre
symposSioumpmea. r ticaibpbarnetvtsih aertieermd a trok s
permmiotrd ei scuasnstdio ho enlk pe epa r taot thiegrth itm e
schedFuotlreh .ow sheow isarh e coorfw dh awta ssa iadn,d
whpor etfheflera voofar c tpuraels enttaatprieeo cnosr,od fi ngs
theen tsiyrmep osaindudim s cussiaornae vp aeirlfiarobodlmse
thAeAA S.T hivso lurmeep reasm eonrcteos m plete oefx position
thseu bjmeacttta enrrd e flectasc cmuorrwaeht aettlh pyea r­
ticipanttohs a vwei sahvf aofirul taruberlfeee rence.
Thea rrangoeftm hebeno to pka ratlhlaeotlft s hs ey mposium.
Them aisnu bjaerceatar se nupcolweeharyr,d roeploewcetrr,i c
anfdo ssiplo-wfe'urWe.al hs etaeit asp rodoufbc ott nhu clear
anfdo ssiplo-wfpeulrea lnA ttts h.se y mpostihuewmra,eas p anel
discuosnts hiseoun b jheecrtteh;p e a nelhiasvcteos n tributed
papefroasrs epapraaratttet heen odf t hbeo ok.
Thee ditionrvsia tdeddi tcioonntarli btuodt eiawolin tsh
questriaoinissned di scupsesriioponod ison,ftd si samgernete,