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Power Distribution System Reliability: Practical Methods and Applications (IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering) PDF

556 Pages·2009·7.65 MB·English
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POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RELIABILITY Practical Methods and Applications Ali A. Chowdhury Don O. Koval IEEE Press POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RELIABILITY BOOKS IN THE IEEE PRESS SERIES ON POWER ENGINEERING PrinciplesofElectricMachineswithPowerElectronicApplications,SecondEdition M.E.El-Hawary PulseWidthModulationforPowerConverters:PrinciplesandPractice D.GrahameHolmesandThomasLipo AnalysisofElectricMachineryandDriveSystems,SecondEdition PaulC.Krause,OlegWasynczuk,andScottD.Sudhoff RiskAssessmentforPowerSystems:Models,Methods,andApplications WenyuanLi OptimizationPrinciples:PracticalApplicationstotheOperationsofMarketsoftheElectric PowerIndustry NarayanS.Rau ElectricEconomics:RegulationandDeregulation GeoffreyRothwellandTomasGomez ElectricPowerSystems:AnalysisandControl FabioSaccomanno ElectricalInsulationforRotatingMachines:Design,Evaluation,Aging,Testing, andRepair GregStone,EdwardA.Boulter,IanCulbert,andHusseinDhirani SignalProcessingofPowerQualityDisturbances MathH.J.BollenandIreneY.H.Gu InstantaneousPowerTheoryandApplicationstoPowerConditioning HirofumiAkagi,EdsonH.WatanabeandMauricioAredes MaintainingMissionCriticalSystemsina24/7Environment PeterM.Curtis ElementsofTidal-ElectricEngineering RobertH.Clark HandbookofLargeTurbo-GeneratorOperationandMaintenance,SecondEdition GeoffKlempnerandIsidorKerszenbaum IntroductiontoElectricalPowerSystems MohamedE.El-Hawary ModelingandControlofFuelCells:DistributedGenerationApplications M.HashemNehrirandCaishengWang PowerDistributionSystemReliability:PracticalMethodsandApplications AliA.ChowdhuryandDonO.Koval POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RELIABILITY Practical Methods and Applications Ali A. Chowdhury Don O. Koval IEEE Press IEEEPress 445HoesLane Piscataway,NJ08854 IEEEPressEditorialBoard LajosHanzo,EditorinChief R.Abari T.Chen O.Malik J.Anderson T.G.Croda S.Nahavandi S.Basu S.Farshchi M.S.Newman A.Chatterjee B.M.Hammerli W.Reeve KennethMoore,DirectorofIEEEBookandInformationServices(BIS) JeanneAudino,ProjectEditor TechnicalReviewers WardJewell,WichitaStateUniversity FredVaneldik,UniversityofAlberta Copyright(cid:2)2009bytheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Inc. PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey.Allrightsreserved. PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyany means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptaspermitted underSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionof thePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearance Center,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,(978)750-8400,fax(978)750-4470,orontheweb atwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissions Department,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201)748- 6008,oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permission. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsin preparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessof thecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessfora particularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysalesrepresentativesorwrittensalesmaterials. Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshouldconsultwitha professionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernorauthorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyother commercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages. Forgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicesorfortechnicalsupport,pleasecontactourCustomer CareDepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidetheUnitedStatesat(317)572-3993orfax (317)572-4002. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint maynotbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitourwebsite atwww.wiley.com. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable. ISBN978-0470-29228-0 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10987654321 To my wife Razia, daughter Fariha, late parents Hesamuddin Ahmed and Mahfuza Khatun, late elder brother Ali Hyder, and late older sister Chemon Ara Chowdhury —Ali A. Chowdhury To my wife Vivian, my mother Katherine, and late father Peter Koval —Don. O. Koval CONTENTS Preface xix 1 OUTLINE OFTHE BOOK 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Reliability Assessment of Power Systems 2 1.2.1 Generation System Reliability Assessment 2 1.2.2 Transmission System Reliability Assessment 3 1.2.3 Distribution System Reliability Assessment 4 1.3 Organization of the Chapters 5 1.4 Conclusions 10 References 11 2 FUNDAMENTALS OFPROBABILITY ANDSTATISTICS 13 2.1 Concept of Frequency 13 2.1.1 Introduction 13 2.1.2 Concept of Class 15 2.1.3 Frequency Graphs 15 2.1.4 Cumulative Frequency Distribution Model 15 2.2 Important Parameters of Frequency Distribution 15 2.2.1 Mean 16 2.2.2 Median 16 2.2.3 Mode 16 2.2.4 Standard Deviation 16 2.2.5 Variance 17 2.3 Theory of Probability 17 2.3.1 Concept 17 2.3.2 Probability Laws and Theorems 18 2.4 Probability Distribution Model 19 2.4.1 Random Variable 19 2.4.2 Probability Density Function 20

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