Potassium Ion Channels Molecular Structure, Function, and Diseases

486 Pages·1999·14.524 MB·English

by  Yoshihisa Kurachi, Lily Yeh Jan and Michel Lnzdunski (Eds.)

Current Topics in Membranes, Volume 46
Series Editors
Amost Kleinzeller
Department of Physiology
University of Pennsylvania
School of Medicine
Philarlelphia, Pennsylvania
Douglas M. Fambrough
Department of Biology
The Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland
Dale J.B enos
Depcwtmmt of Physiology und Biophysics
University oj Alabamii
Birmingham, Alabama
~ ~~~
Current Topics in Membranes, Volume 46
Potassium Ion Channels
Molecular Structure, Function,
and Diseases
Edited by
Yoshihisa Kurachi
Dqm-rnient of Pharniricolog~vI 1
Flicultv (if Medicine
Osrikri University
Osokn 565. Jriptrn
Lily Yeh Jan
Howrirtl Hiiglies Metlicrrl Institute
Depnrrment of Physiology arid Biochemi.str:v
Univer-sity of’ Ciilifornin. Sari Fr~rticisco
Srrn Friincisco, Colifornirr
Michel Lnzdunski
lnsritiit rlc Ph~irvriai,olt~gMieo lCculriire ct Cellulaire
CNRS UPR 411
Sopkiri Antipolis
06560 V~rlhonrieF. rcrncr
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Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors’ contributions begin
Makoto Arita (417), Department of Physiology, Oita Medical University,
Hasama. Oita 879-5593, Japan
Jacques Barhanin (67), Institut de Pharmacologie MolCculaire et
Cellulaire, CNRS UPR 41 1. Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
U. Brandle (’223). Department of Otolaryngology, University of
Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
Alice Butler (9). Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and the
Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri 63110
David E. Clapham (295), Cardiovascular Division, Children’s Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 021 15
Shawn Corey (295), Neuroscience Program. Mayo Foundation.
Rochester, Minnesota 55905
B. Fakler (223), Institute of Physiology. University of Tubingen,
72076 Tubingen, Germany
Tohru Gonoi (373),R esearch Center for Pathogenic Fungi and
Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University, Chiba 260, Japan
Liang Guo (177), Department of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Metropolitan
Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo 183, Japan
Hiroshi Hibino (243), Department of Pharmacology 11, Faculty of
Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565. Japan
Masatsugu Hori (435), The First Department of Medicine, Osaka
University Medical School, Suita, Japan
Yoshiyuki Horio (243,471), Department of Pharmacology 11, Faculty of
Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565, Japan
Yukio Hosoya (355),D epartment of Nursing, Yamagata School of
Health Science, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-22, Japan; Department of
xv
xvi Contributors
Cell Biology and Signaling, Y amagata University School of Medicine,
Yamagata, Yamagata 990-23, Japan
Nobuya Inagaki’ (373), Division of Molecular Medicine, Center for
Biomedical Science, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba 260,
Japan
Atsushi Inanobe (243), Department of Pharmacology 11, Faculty of
Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565, Japan
Kuniaki Ishii (47), Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University
School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
Lily Yeh Jan (1, 143, 321), Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of California,
San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
Andreas Karschin (273), Molecular Neurobiology of Signal
Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysical Chemistry,
37070 Gottingen, Germany
Christine Karschin (273), Molecular Neurobiology of Signal
Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysical Chemistry,
37070 Gottingen, Germany
Matthew Kennedy (295), Cardiovascular Division, Children’s Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Masafumi Kitakaze (439, The First Department of Medicine, Osaka
University Medical School, Suita, Japan
Kazuhisa Kodama (439, The Cardiovascular Division, Osaka Police
Hospital, Osaka, Japan
Chikako Kondo (387), Department of Pharmacology 11, Faculty of
Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565, Japan
Yoshihiro Kubo (177), Department of Neurophysiology, Tokyo
Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo 183, Japan
Maya T. Kunkel (9), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and the
Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri 63110
Yoshihisa Kurachi (243, 355, 387, 471), Department of Cell Biology and
Signaling, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata,
’
Present address: Department of Physiology, Akita University School of Medicine.
Akita 010, Japan.
Contributors xvii
Yamagata 990-23, Japan; Department of Pharmacology 11, Faculty of
Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565. Japan
Tsunehiko Kuzuya (435), The First Department of Medicine, Osaka
University Medical School, Suita, Japan
Michel Lazdunski (67, 199), lnstitut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et
Cellulaire, CNRS UPR 411, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
Florian Lesage (199), Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et
Cellulaire, CNRS UPR 41 1, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
Diomedes E. Logothetis (337), Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New
York, New York, New York 10029-6574
A. N. Lopatin (159), Department of Cell Biology and Physiology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 631 10
Eduardo Marban (4491, Section of Molecufar and Cellular Cardiology,
Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
Maryland 21205
Pratap Meera (1 17), Department of Anesthesiology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
Takashi Miki (373). Division of Molecular Medicine, Center for
Biomedical Science, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba 260,
Japan
Kazuaki Nagashima (373), Division of Molecular Medicine, Center for
Biomedical Science. Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba 260,
Japan
Yusuke Nakamura (103), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human
Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo 108, Japan
Betsy Navarro (295), Neuroscience Program, Mayo Foundation,
Rochester, Minnesota 55905
C. G. Nichols (159), Department of Cell Biology and Physiology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 631 10
Michael Nonet (9). Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and the
Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri 63110
xviii Contributors
Brian O’Rourke (449), Section of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology,
Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
Maryland 21205
Diane M. Papazian (29), Department of Physiology and Molecular
Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095
JMme Petit-Jacques (337), Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, New
York, New York 10029
Vez P. Repunte (387), Department of Pharmacology 11, Faculty of
Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565, Japan
Eitan Reuveny (321 ), Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Dmitry N. Romashko (449), Section of Molecular and Cellular
Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Georges Romey (67), Institut de Pharmacologie Molkculaire et
Cellulaire, CNRS UPR 41 1, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
1. P. Ruppersberg (223), Institute of Physiology and Department of
Otolaryngology, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
Yasuhiko Sakata (435), The First Department of Medicine, Osaka
University Medical School, Suita, Japan
Lawrence Salkoff (9), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and
the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
Michael C. Sanguinetti (85), Department of Medicine, Division of
Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
Eisaku Satoh (387), Department of Pharmacology 11, Faculty of
Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565, Japan
U. Schulte (223), Institute of Physiology, University of Tubingen,
72076 Tubingen, Germany
J. Schultz (223), Institute of Physiology, University of Tubingen,
72076 Tubingen, Germany
Susumu Seino (373), Division of Molecular Medicine, Center for
Biomedical Science, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba 260,
Japan
Contributors xix
Sakuji Shigematsu (417), Department of Physiology, Oita Medical
University, Hasama, Oita 879-5593. Japan
Jin Liang Sui2 (337), Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount
Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York,
New York 10029
Toshihiro Tanaka (103), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human
Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo 108, Japan
Andre Terzic (243), Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
Andrew Tinker (143, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Department of Medicine/Cruciform Project, Rayne Institute,
University College, London WClE 635. United Kingdom
Ligia Tor0 (1 17), Departments of Anesthesiology, Molecular and
Medical Pharmacology. and the Brain Research Institute, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
Martin Tristani-Firouzi (85), Department of Pediatrics, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 841 12
Martin Wallner (1 17), Department of Anesthesiology, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
Zhao-Wen Wang (9). Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and
the Department of Genetics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63 1 10
Aguan Wei (9). Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and the
Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri 63110
Mitsuhiko Yamada (387), Department of Pharmacology 11, Faculty of
Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565, Japan
Alex Yuan (9), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and the
Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri 631 10
Present address: Cambridge Neuroscience. Cambridge, Massachusetts 0213Y.
Potassium (K') ion channels selectively allow K' ions to pass through
the cell membrane. These channels act to counter the activities of Na' and
Ca2+c hannels in controlling cell excitability. Moreover, electrophysiological
studies in various tissues have indicated that K' channels are essential
for various cell functions, including vagal deceleration of the heart beat,
glucose-induced insulin secretion, epithelial transport of electrolytes, and
suppression of neuronal excitation. Recent progress in the molecular char-
acterization of K' ion channels has clearly shown the fundamental impor-
tance of this ion channel superfamily in physiology, pharmacology, and dis-
eases.
The field is now rapidly expanding and the number of researchers steadily
increasing. It is thus an opportune time to produce an overview of this
field. The authors of this volume are active leading researchers in K'
ion channel research, and many of them participated in the International
Symposium on Potassium Ion Channels: Their Molecular Structure, Func-
tion, and Diseases, which was held in September 1997 at Yamagata, Japan.
This meeting was quite exciting and fruitful, and the editors wish to share
the excitement of this meeting with as many people as possible through
this volume.
Potassium Ion Channels: Molecular Structure, Function, and Diseases will
be useful to electrophysiologists, pharmacologists, molecular biologists, and
clinical researchers. It is targeted at graduate and medical students and
designed for use as a textbook for graduate and medical courses.
YOSHIHISKAU RACHI
LILYY EHJ AN
MICHELL AZDUNSKI
xxi
CHAPTER 1
Studies of Voltage-Dependent and
Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels
Lily Yeh Jan
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry,
University of California, San Francisco. San Francisco. California Y4143
I. Families of Potassium Channels
11. Voltage-Dependent Potassium Channels
111. Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels
IV. Conclusion
References
I. FAMILIES OF POTASSIUM CHANNELS
Potassium channels of related structure have been found in prokaryotes
and eukaryotes (for review, see Jan and Jan, 1997). They are grouped into
several families, including one for voltage-gated potassium channels, one
for inwardly rectifying potassium channels, and ones for those channels
whose a subunits appear to be tandem fusions of a subunits of a more
basic design (Salkoff et al., Chapter 2).
Voltage-gated potassium channels belong to a superfamily of channels
with four subunits or pseudosubunits. each containing six transmembrane
segments (Sl-S6) and a P or H5 segment in between S5 and S6 (Noda et
al., 1984; Tempel et al., 1987). Inwardly rectifying potassium channels belong
to a distantly related superfamily of channels with four subunits or pseudo-
subunits, each containing two transmembrane segments (M1 and M2) and
a P or H5 segment in between (Ho et ol., 1993; Kubo el al., 1993). It thus
appears that the latter constitutes the basic pore design whereas additional
transmembrane segments could be included, for example, to introduce
intrinsic voltage sensors such as the basic residues of the S4 segment into
C'rtrriw~T opics bi Miwihrioirs. Volrrrni~4 6 1
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