Population Issues: An Interdisciplinary Focus PDF
Preview Population Issues: An Interdisciplinary Focus
Population Issues An Interdisciplinary Focus The Plenum Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis Series Editor: Kenneth C. Land, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina ADVANCED TECHNIQUES OF POPULATION ANALYSIS Shiva S. Halli and K. Vaninadhu Rao CONTINUITIES IN SOCIOLOGICAL HUMAN ECOLOGY Edited by Michael Micklin and Dudley L. Poston, Jr. CURBING POPULATION GROWTH: An Insider's Perspective on the Population Movement Oscar Harkavy THE DEMOGRAPHY OF HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE Louis G. Pol and Richard K. Thomas FORMAL DEMOGRAPHY David P. Smith HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION IN LATIN AMERICA Susan M. De Vos HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHY AND HOUSEHOLD MODELING Edited by Evert van Imhoff, Anton Kuijsten, Pieter Hooimeijer, and Leo 1. G. van Wissen MODELING MULTIGROUP POPULATIONS Robert Schoen POPULATION ISSUES: An Interdisplinary Focus Edited by Leo J. G. van Wissen and Pearl L. Dykstra THE POPULATION OF MODERN CHINA Edited by Dudley L. Poston, Jr., and David Yaukey A PRIMER OF POPULATION DYNAMICS Krishnan Namboodiri A Continuation Order Plan is available for tbis series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact tbe publisher. Population Issues An Interdisciplinary Focus Edited by Leo J. G. van Wissen and Pearl A. Dykstra Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute The Hague, Netherlands Springer Science+Business Media, LLe ISBN 978-94-010-5885-8 ISBN 978-94-011-4389-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4389-9 © 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by K1uwer Academic I PIenum Publishers in 1999 Softcover repriot ofth. hardcover lst edition 1999 AII rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher CONTRIBUTORS PearlA. Dykstra. Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI), P.o. Box 11650,2502 AR The Hague, The Netherlands Pieter Hooimeijer • Urban Research Centre Utrecht (URU), P.o. Box 80115,3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands Anton Kuijsten • Amsterdam Study Centre for the Metropolitan Envi- ronment (AME), University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130,1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands Anton E. Kunst. Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.o. Box 1738,3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Aart C. Liefbroer • Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Insti- tute (NIDI), P.o. Box 11650,2502 AR The Hague, The Netherlands lohan P. Mackenbach • Department of Public Health, Erasmus Uni- versity Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Clara H. Mulder. Urban Research Centre Utrecht (URU), P.o. Box 80115,3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands Anton Oskamp • Urban Research Centre Utrecht (URU), University of Utrecht, P.o. Box 80115,3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands Hendrik P. van Dalen. Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI), P.o. Box 11650,2502 AR The Hague, The Nether- lands, and Erasmus University of Rotterdam, Research Center for Economic Policy and Tinbergen Institute, P.O. Box 1738,3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands v vi CONTRIBUTORS Leo 1. G. van Wissen • Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Insti- tute (NIDI), P.o. Box 11650, 2502 AR The Hague, The Netherlands Barrie A.A. Verbon • Tilburg University, Department of Economics and CentER, P.o. Box 90153,5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands Frans 1. Willekens • Population Research Centre (PRe), University of Groningen, P.o. Box 800,9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands Judith H. Wolleswinkel-van den Bosch. Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.o. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands PREFACE This volume marks the end of an eight-year program of research on population issues, launched in 1990 by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research: The NWO Priority Program on Population Issues. Initiatives for this program of research were taken over ten years ago by Hans Van Ginkel- who became the first program chair - and Dirk Van De Kaa. The Dutch community of population scientists is deeply indebted to them for their early efforts. At the time, the program carried the name "Between Individual Development and Social Solidarity: Pop- ulation and Society in a Period of Transition." The goals of the Priority Program were threefold: To reduce the fragmentation of research on population issues; to increase collabora- tion among population researchers with different disciplinary back- grounds; and to strengthen the position of population studies in Dutch academe and in international forums. Looking back over eight years of programed research, we can safely say that the Priority Program has given an enormous impetus to population research in the Netherlands - as this volume attests. This program of research could not have been carried out success- fully without the valuable contributions and constructive input of a large group of scientists. The scope and the focus of the Priority Program were defined by a preparatory committee chaired by Gerard Frinking. Other members of the committee were Frans Dieleman, Jenny Gierveld, Johan Mackenbach, Bernard van Praag, and Ad van der Woude - all of whom continued to invest time and energy in the program of research once it had been effectuated - while Cock Hazeu of NWO served as the exec- utive secretary of the preparatory committee. Others who served the Priority Program in advisory and directing capacities were Salomon Cohen, Hendrik van Dalen, Henk de Feijter, Tineke Fokkema, Kene Henkens, Pieter Hooimeijer, Evert van Imhoff, Bert van der Knaap, Anton Kuijsten, Aart Liefbroer, Clara Mulder, Nico van Nimwegen, Harrie Verbon, Ad Vossen, and Frans Willekens. We would like to acknowledge their efforts in helping to make the program a success. Of course, heartfelt recognition should be given to the over thirty Vll viii PREFACE researchers - PhD candidates, postdocs, and senior researchers - who actually made the program work; they collected data, performed the analyses, and wrote the reports. In short, they were our "ambassadors" in the field. Last, but not least, we - as executive sec- retaries of the Priority Program - would like to express our sincere appreciation for our trustworthy personal liaisons at NWO: Paul Berendsen, and his successor Harm Prins. Writing the chapters for this volume was part of the planned research activities of the Priority Program. The aim was to view and evaluate the results from an international perspective by comparing and contrasting Dutch trends with popUlation changes observed elsewhere, and by assessing the Priority Program's accomplishments in terms of its contributions to the scientific literature. As a consequence, the chapters do not offer simple summaries of research conducted in the context of the Priority Program. Rather, they provide thoughtful reflections on empirical and conceptual developments in population studies both in the Netherlands and elsewhere. To foster consistency and conceptual agreement and integration across chapters, two one-day workshops were held with all the contrib- utors to the volume. Outlines were discussed and revised at the first workshop, which was held in the spring 1998, while draft papers were commented upon at the second, in the fall 1998. These meetings proved to be crucial to reaching coherence in the conceptual framework used throughout the chapters - the life course perspective. They also enabled us to avoid overlap and achieve correspondence between chapters. In completing the manuscript for publication, we received help from many sources. We consider ourselves extremely fortunate to have been able to call upon Willemien Kneppelhout and her colleagues Ginger van Hasselt and Anne Mark for English-language editing. They rendered their services at short notice, often outside regular office hours, and with the greatest care and precision. We deeply respect and admire their creative reconstructions of grammatically correct but not overly elegant sentences. A final word of thanks goes to the secretarial staff at the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute - in particu- lar to Tonny Nieuwstraten, Elly Huzen, and Jacqueline van der Helm - for their assistance in converting the manuscript into a form suitable for submission to the publisher. Editing this book has been a truly collaborative enterprise. We should point out that the order of our names does not reflect a division of labor or of responsibilities. In fact, we decided to use the reverse alphabetical order. More important, however, is that our editorial work PREFACE IX has been an interdisciplinary exercise in its own right. With Van Wissen's devotion to formal demography, and Dykstra's immersion in sociology, there have been many intensive, instructive, and enjoyable discussions about what each of us saw - coming from our respective disciplines - as the merits, insights, and weaknesses of each of the chapters. CONTENTS 1. Introduction: The Life Course Approach as an Interdisciplinary Framework for Population Studies 1 PEARL A. DYKSTRA and LEO J.G. VAN WISSEN 1.1. Demography as an "Object" Science .................. . 1 1.2. The Life Course Approach .......................... . 5 1.2.1. Inherent Interdisciplinary ........................... . 7 1.2.2. The Life Course as a Promising Approach for Population Studies ........................................... . 9 1.3. Overview of Chapters .............................. . 14 2. The Life Course: Models and Analysis 23 FRANS J. WILLEKENS 2.1. Introduction ....................................... . 23 2.2. The Life Course: A Paradigm Shift ................... . 26 2.2.1. From Structure to Process .......................... . 26 2.2.2. From Macro to Micro .............................. . 27 2.2.3. From Analysis to Synthesis .......................... . 29 2.2.4. From Certainty to Uncertainty ....................... . 29 2.3. Anatomy of the Life Course ......................... . 31 2.3.1. Attributes and Event Types .......................... . 32 2.3.2. Time and Risk ..................................... . 32 2.3.3. Interdependencies in the Life Course ................. . 37 2.4. Life Histories Analysis: Variables, Data and Models ..... . 40 2.4.1. Focus: States Occupied .............................. . 41 2.4.2. Focus: Events ...................................... . 44 2.5. Conclusion ........................................ . 47 xi
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