Population Geography: Tools and Issues

341 Pages·2013·4.106 MB·English

by  K. Bruce Newbold

Population Geography
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Population
Geography
Tools and Issues
S E C O N D E D I T I O N
K. Bruce Newbold
ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD
Lanham•Boulder•NewYork•Toronto•Plymouth,UK
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PublishedbyRowman&Littlefield
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Copyright(cid:2)2014byRowman&Littlefield
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BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Newbold,K.Bruce,1964–
Populationgeography:toolsandissues/K.BruceNewbold.—Secondedition.
pages cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-4422-2098-0(cloth:alk.paper)—ISBN978-1-4422-2099-7(pbk.:alk.
paper)—ISBN978-1-4422-2100-0(electronic) 1.Populationgeography. I.Title.
HB1951.N47 2014
304.6—dc23
2013042854
(cid:3)(cid:2)(cid:4)
ThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican
NationalStandardforInformationSciences—PermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary
Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992.
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
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To Christine
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Contents
ListofFiguresandTables xi
Acknowledgments xv
Population Geography: An Introduction 1
WhatIsPopulationGeographyandWhyStudyIt? 3
WhatIstheGeographicalPerspective? 5
CurrentResearchThemesandContributionsofPopulation
Geographers 7
OverviewoftheBook 8
Focus:TheImportanceofSpatialScale 9
Methods,Measures,andTools:ToolsofthePopulation
Geographer 11
Chapter1 World Population 15
ABriefHistoryofWorldPopulationGrowth 15
TheDemographicTransition 18
FuturePopulationScenarios:WhoGainsandWhoLoses? 21
Conclusion 28
StudyQuestions 28
Focus:PopulationGrowthRegimesinIndia,Germany,andthe
UnitedStates 29
Methods,Measures,andTools:GraphicalRepresentation 31
Methods,Measures,andTools:PopulationEstimatesand
Projections 36
Chapter2 Population Data 41
WhatIsaPopulation? 42
TypesofData 43
DataSources 44
DataQuality 48
Conclusion 50
StudyQuestions 50
Focus:CensusDataandtheAmericanCommunitySurvey
(ACS) 50
Methods,Measures,andTools:WorkingwithData 56
vii
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Chapter3 Population Distribution and Composition 59
PopulationDistribution 59
PopulationComposition 61
Conclusion 69
StudyQuestions 70
Focus:TheChangingFaceoftheUSPopulation 70
Focus:AginginChina 74
Methods,Measures,andTools:LifeTables 74
Chapter4 Fertility 79
FertilityPatterns 79
WhatDeterminesFertility? 81
FertilityLevels:TooHighorTooLow? 86
Africa’sFertilityTransition? 89
Women’sReproductiveHealth 92
Conclusion 93
StudyQuestions 94
Focus:ContrastingFertilityRatesandChoicesinNorthAmericaand
Uganda 94
Methods,Measures,andTools:MeasuringFertility 96
Chapter5 Mortality 99
MortalityTransitions 100
DifferencesinMortality 102
InfectiousandParasiticDiseases(IPDs) 107
HIV/AIDS 110
Conclusion:TheFutureofMortality 118
StudyQuestions 121
Focus:MortalityDifferences—theUnitedStates,Mexico,and
Zimbabwe 122
Methods,Measures,andTools:MeasuringMortality 125
Chapter6 Internal Migration 127
DefiningMigration 128
WhyDoPeopleMigrate? 130
TheoriesofInternalMigration 133
MigrantSelectivityandMigrantCharacteristics 139
TheMigrationProcess 141
Conclusion 142
StudyQuestions 143
Focus:ContemporaryInternalPopulationMovementintheUnited
States 143
Methods,Measures,andTools:MeasuringMigration 147
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Chapter7 International Migration Flows: Immigrants and
Transnational Migrants 149
MajorInternationalFlows 150
TheoriesofImmigration 151
TheImpactsofImmigration 153
ImmigrationPolicy 156
TransnationalMigrants 170
Conclusion 171
StudyQuestions 171
Focus:The‘‘ImmigrationGap’’ 172
Methods,Measures,andTools:CountingImmigrants,Illegal
Immigrants,andEmigrants 174
Chapter8 Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons 177
DefiningRefugees 177
AlternativesforRefugees:NoEasyWayHome 180
InternallyDisplacedPersons 184
TheFutureofRefugeesandIDPs 185
Conclusion 189
StudyQuestions 190
Focus:TheUnitedStates—WelcomingRefugees? 190
Methods,Measures,andTools:CountingRefugeesandIDPs 195
Chapter9 Urbanization 197
DefiningUrbanandUrbanization 198
ABriefHistoryofUrbanization 198
TheGrowthofModernCities 201
ImplicationsofUrbanGrowth 209
Conclusion 209
StudyQuestions 210
Focus:PlanningforGrowth 210
Methods,Measures,andTools:Defining‘‘Urban’’across
Countries 213
Chapter10 Population Policies 215
ImmigrationPolicy 216
InternalMigration 218
FertilityPolicies 220
EconomicPolicyasPopulationPolicies 224
TheRoleoftheInternationalCommunity:ConflictingMessages 225
Conclusion 228
StudyQuestions 229
Focus:PopulationPlanninginSelectedRegions 229
Methods,Measures,andTools:PassorFail?EvaluatingPopulation
Policies 233
Contents ix
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