Pollution and Fish Health in Tropical Ecosystems PDF
Preview Pollution and Fish Health in Tropical Ecosystems
P io Pollution and n P PPl P in Tin Tolluollu Troplutioin Trin Tolluollu PPooFlPlPlliuuosothltlliil uooHutnnteii oaaaonnlnnt dd aha n ndd ropical Eropical Etion andtion andical Econ and Fiopical Eropical Etion andtion and FFiissFhhFi i sHiHisnnhhiee n HaiaHi nnlletet hahal ltthh coscos Fis Fissyssh Hcoscos Fis Fis TTrorpoipciacla El cEocsoyssytsetmems s yyhhtyyhh TTrrooTppriioccapalli cEEaccloo Esscyyosssttyeemsmtsesms ees ss H HmatsH H teteeesltemteeae mmaahma l ll stl sstt sht hh h C i roE CC AduCiC iro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro iro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro Eduardo Alves de Almeida Eduardo Alves de Almeida lberto de Oliveira Ribeiro EditorsEditorsardo Alves de Almeida ro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro iro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro EditorsEduardo Alves de Almeida Eduardo Alves de Almeida EditorsEditors K21721 Editors 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Eduardo AlveEs ddieto Arslmeida Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 EEddiittoorrss Editors 711 Third Avenue Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro Eduardo Alves de Almeida New York, NY 10017 EEdduuaarrddooE AdAullvvaeerssd dode eA AAlvllmemsee diiddea aA l m eida an informa business 2 Park Square, Milton Park www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK CCiirroo AAllCbbCeierrirrottoo oA Addlbeleb e OOerrtlloitivo vde edieirre aOa O RlRilviiibvebeeieriiirarrao oR R i b ibeeiriroo A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK Pollution and Fish Health in Tropical Ecosystems Pollution and Fish Health in Tropical Ecosystems Editors Eduardo Alves de Almeida Depto. de Química e Ciências Ambientais IBILCE–UNESP Sao Jose do Rio Preto Brazil Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro Federal University of Paraná Department of Cellular Biology Curitiba, Paraná Brazil p, A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK GL--Prelims with new title page.indd ii 4/25/2012 9:52:40 AM CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20131120 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-1289-1 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Foreword Because a large number of chemicals directly used in our daily lives or generated by our cars and industries still have their fi nal destination in the aquatic compartment of our planetary ecosystem, the health of small and large organisms living in lakes, rivers, estuaries, oceans and even below the Antarctic ice sheet should stay among our top priorities in protection and conservation measures to be developed by national agencies and international conventions. Healthy molluscs, crabs and fi sh mean high quality food for human consumption but also, and above all, healthy aquatic ecosystems where organisms in complex interactions with each other can reproduce and grow, and hence contribute to maintain the biodiversity of life on our small blue planet. Determining the health status of aquatic invertebrates and fi sh is a quite complex task currently addressed by a large world community of scientists sharing their technical skills and disciplinary knowledge to develop and apply indicators, markers and models to understand the behaviour of chemicals in water and sediment and to elucidate the responses of living cells and tissues to the aggression of xenobiotics. This book is the best example ever of such an effort of dedicated scientists to share their expertises and recent results in an attempt to describe the effects of pollutants on fi sh health, with a special emphasis on tropical species. Fish physiology and water temperature are two governing factors that must be taken under consideration when modelling fi sh health in presence of toxicants. For a number of fi sh biomarkers using biochemical reactions such as enzyme kinetics or oxidative stress responses, temperature can be considered as a confounding factor when comparing toxic responses in fi sh living under tropical conditions to those experiencing high seasonal variations in northern countries. The use of sub-tropical and tropical fi sh species in experimental protocols is still an important challenge for South American fi sh toxicologists because most models have been developed for northern species and differences in fi sh physiology are raising important problems in the interpretation of toxicological data. What the authors are proposing in this book is a synthesis of the most important and challenging vi Pollution and Fish Health in Tropical Ecosystems research topics related to fi sh toxicology, and more generally, to aquatic ecotoxicology where fi sh species are considered as a pivotal component of tropical ecosystems. Emilien Pelletier, Professor of Marine Ecotoxicology Université du Québec à Rimouski, Qc, Canada Preface This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources, with a wide variety of references listed. Brazilian and other tropical aquatic ecosystems house the highest diversity and the largest number of aquatic organisms species in the world, but unfortunately these regions also tends to be responsible for the poorest investments in environmental research. Signifi cant investment in research is necessary for understanding the ecological complexity in these ecosystems, and even more fi nancial and scientifi c resources are required to estimate the real impact of human activities. The high degree of ecological complexity present in tropical aquatic ecosystems also means that there is a comparable level of fragility, making it more diffi cult to study the interactions between ecological factors and the increasing presence of chemicals. This book is focused on studies about species that are native to Brazil. The experiences of the individual authors have been brought together to make a collection within a chapter with a common goal. Thus, this volume is designed to be both a textbook and a general reference book. It includes the integration and synthesis of ecotoxicological research with tropical fi sh species. Topics from population to molecular effects of chemicals are covered, but the many complex pathways and mechanisms of chemically-induced disorders could only be briefl y mentioned. The effort of authors is not enough to reveal and explain the problems resulting from the chemicals present in the tropical and aquatic ecosystem. The authors recognize this challenge, and they have done their best to emphasize the importance of ecotoxicological studies as a tool for political statements in these regions. Additionally, the authors are grateful to state and federal agencies for their fi nancial support. Importantly, the authors would like to express a warmest thanks to the students who, through their academic studies, contributed to the basis of this book. The editors Contents Foreword v Preface vii 1. Introduction—Pollution and Fish Health in Tropical 1 Ecosystems: A Brief Summary on Current Challenges and Perspectives Eduardo Alves de Almeida, Aline Cristina Ferreira Rodrigues and Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro 2. Genes and Proteins Related with Biotransformation in 15 Tropical Fishes: Perspectives in Aquatic Toxicology Juliano Zanette 3. Nuclear Receptors in Fish and Pollutant Interactions 35 Afonso C.D. Bainy, Jacó J. Mattos and Marília N. Siebert 4. Fish Neurotoxic Pollutants 51 Helena Cristina Silva de Assis and Maritana Mela 5. Pollutants and Oxidative Stress 84 Francisco Filipak Neto 6. Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity 132 Marta Margarete Cestari 7. The Use of Fish Biomarkers in the Evaluation of Water 164 Pollution Thiago E.M. Parente and Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis 8. Blood Parameters of Estuarine and Marine Fish as 182 Non-Destructive Pollution Biomarkers R. Seriani, D.M.S. Abessa, C.D.S. Pereira, A.A. Kirschbaum, L.D. Abujamara, L.M. Buruaem, C. Félix, G.C.R. Turatti, L.R.G.B. Prado, E.C.P.M. Sousa and M.J.T. Ranzani-Paiva 9. Histopathological Markers in Fish Health Assessment 206 Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro and Marisa Fernandes Narciso
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