Political Science An Introduction 12th Ed by Roskin PDF
Preview Political Science An Introduction 12th Ed by Roskin
Political Science An Introduction Twelfth Edition Michael G. Roskin L C YCOMING OLLEGE Robert L. Cord James A. Medeiros Walter S. Jones Longman Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Senior Acquisitions Editor: Vikram Mukhija Senior Marketing Manager: Lindsey Prudhomme Assistant Editor: Corey Kahn Editorial Assistant: Beverly Fong Associate Production Manager: Scarlett Lindsay Project Coordination, Text Design, and Electronic Page Makeup: Integra Cover Design Manager: John Callahan Cover Designer: Kay Petronio Cover Image: RTIMAGES, © Veer, Inc. Image Researcher: Connie Gardner Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Dennis Para Printer and Binder: RR Donnelley–Crawfordsville Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color Corporation–Hagerstown For permission to use copyrighted material, grateful acknowledgment is made to the copyright holders on p. 376, which is hereby made part of this copyright page. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Political science : an introduction/Michael G. Roskin . . . [et al.].—12th ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-205-07594-2 1. Political science. I. Roskin, Michael JA71.P623 2012 320—dc22 2010052277 Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or o therwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States. To obtain permission to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 1900 E. Lake Ave., Glenview, IL 60025 or fax to (847) 486-3938 or e-mail [email protected]. For information regarding permissions, call (847) 486-2635. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10—DOC—14 13 12 11 ISBN-13: 978-0-205-07594-2 ISBN-10: 0-205-07594-0 Brief Contents Detailed Contents v Preface xiii P I T B P 1 ART HE ASES OF OLITICS Chapter 1 Politics and Political Science 2 Chapter 2 Theories 20 Chapter 3 Political Ideologies 38 Chapter 4 States 58 Chapter 5 Rights 78 Chapter 6 Regimes 96 P II P A 117 ART OLITICAL TTITUDES Chapter 7 Political Culture 118 Chapter 8 Public Opinion 136 P III P I 155 ART OLITICAL NTERACTIONS Chapter 9 Political Communication 156 Chapter 10 Interest Groups 176 Chapter 11 Parties 194 Chapter 12 Elections 212 iii iv Brief Contents P IV P I 231 ART OLITICAL NSTITUTIONS Chapter 13 Legislatures 232 Chapter 14 Executives and Bureaucracies 252 Chapter 15 Judiciaries 274 P V W P S D 293 ART HAT OLITICAL YSTEMS O Chapter 16 Political Economy 294 Chapter 17 Political Violence 314 Chapter 18 International Relations 334 Glossary 352 References 364 Photo Credits 376 Index 377 Detailed Contents Preface xiii P I T B P 1 ART HE ASES OF OLITICS C 1 Politics and Political Science 2 HAPTER The Master Science 4 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: “Never Get Angry at a Fact” 5 Political Power 7 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: Legitimacy, Sovereignty, and Authority 8 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: The Subfields of Political Science 13 Is Politics a Science? 14 ■ HOW TO . . .: Study a Chapter 14 ■ CLASSIC WORKS: Concepts and Precepts 15 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: Politics Versus Political Science 16 C 2 Theories 20 HAPTER Classic Theories 23 ■ CLASSIC WORKS: Not Just Europeans 24 Contemporary Theories 28 ■ HOW TO . . .: Make Thesis Statements 30 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: Models: Simplifying Reality 32 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: Politics as a Game 35 v vi Detailed Contents C 3 Political Ideologies 38 HAPTER What Is Ideology? 39 The Major Ideologies 40 ■ CLASSIC WORKS: The Origins of Ideologies 41 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: Classifying Ideologies 42 ■ HOW TO . . .: Support Your Thesis 50 Ideology in Our Day 52 ■ COMPARING: Islamism: A New Ideology with Old Roots 55 Is Ideology Finished? 56 C 4 States 58 HAPTER Institutionalized Power 59 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: Effective, Weak, and Failed States 60 ■ CLASSIC WORKS: Aristotle’s Six Types of Government 61 Unitary or Federal Systems 63 ■ COMPARING: The Shaky Lives of Confederations 66 Electoral Systems 69 ■ COMPARING: French and German Variations 71 States and the Economy 72 ■ HOW TO . . .: Use Sources 75 C 5 Rights 78 HAPTER Constitutions in the Modern World 80 ■ COMPARING: The Dangers of Changing Constitutions 8 1 ■ COMPARING: Canada’s New Constitution 83 The Adaptability of the U.S. Constitution 87 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: What Is a Right? 87 ■ HOW TO . . . : List References 91 C 6 Regimes 96 HAPTER Representative Democracy 98 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: The “Two-Turnover Test” 101 Detailed Contents vii Democracy in Practice: Elitism or Pluralism? 104 Totalitarianism 107 ■ HOW TO . . .: Write Tightly 108 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: Image and Reality of Total Control 109 Authoritarianism 110 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: Dahl’s “Influence Terms” 111 The Democratization of Authoritarian Regimes 112 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: Why Democracies Fail 113 ■ COMPARING: Democracy in Iraq? 114 P II P A 117 ART OLITICAL TTITUDES C 7 Political Culture 118 HAPTER What Is Political Culture? 119 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: Civil Society 121 ■ CLASSIC WORKS: The Civic Culture 122 The Decay of Political Culture 123 ■ COMPARING: America the Religious 125 Political Subcultures 126 ■ HOW TO . . .: Use Quotations 127 ■ COMPARING: Quebec: “Maîtres Chez Nous” 130 Political Socialization 131 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: Culture and Development 131 ■ CLASSIC WORKS: The Authoritarian Personality 132 ■ COMPARING: China Builds Unity 133 C 8 Public Opinion 136 HAPTER ■ KEY CONCEPTS: What Public Opinion Is—and Isn’t 138 The Shape of Public Opinion 139 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: Classic Opinion Curves 144 Public Opinion Polls 145 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: A Short History of Polling 146 ■ HOW TO . . .: Identify and Use Variables 148 viii Detailed Contents American Opinion 149 ■ CLASSIC WORKS: Almond’s Three Publics 151 Is Polling Fair? 152 P III P I 155 ART OLITICAL NTERACTIONS C 9 Political Communication 156 HAPTER Communication in Politics 158 ■ CLASSIC WORKS: The Two-Step Flow of Mass Communications 158 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: The Tendency to Media Monopoly 159 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: The Elite Media 160 The Giant: Television 162 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: The Web: The Newest Mass Medium? 163 ■ HOW TO . . .: Define Variables 167 Are We Poorly Served? 168 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: The Framing of News 169 The Adversaries: Media and Government 170 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: The Media and Watergate 171 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: The Media and War 172 C 10 Interest Groups 176 HAPTER What Is an Interest Group? 177 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: How Interest Groups Differ from Political Parties 178 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: How Government Creates Interest Groups 179 ■ KEY CONCEPTS: Countervailing Power 180 Effective Interest Groups 182 ■ COMPARING: French Antipluralism 182 ■ COMPARING: How Powerful Are U.S. Unions? 186 ■ HOW TO . . .: Create Tables 189 Interest Groups: An Evaluation 190 ■ CLASSIC WORKS: Olson’s Theory of Interest Groups 191
The list of books you might like
