Policy Practice and Digital Science: Integrating Complex Systems, Social Simulation and Public Administration in Policy Research PDF
Preview Policy Practice and Digital Science: Integrating Complex Systems, Social Simulation and Public Administration in Policy Research
Public Administration and Information Technology Volume 10 SeriesEditor ChristopherG.Reddick SanAntonio,Texas,USA Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/10796 Marijn Janssen • Maria A. Wimmer Ameneh Deljoo Editors Policy Practice and Digital Science Integrating Complex Systems, Social Simulation and Public Administration in Policy Research 2123 Editors MarijnJanssen AmenehDeljoo FacultyofTechnology,Policy,and FacultyofTechnology,Policy,and Management Management DelftUniversityofTechnology DelftUniversityofTechnology Delft Delft TheNetherlands TheNetherlands MariaA.Wimmer InstituteforInformationSystemsResearch UniversityofKoblenz-Landau Koblenz Germany ISBN978-3-319-12783-5 ISBN978-3-319-12784-2(eBook) PublicAdministrationandInformationTechnology DOI10.1007/978-3-319-12784-2 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014956771 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkLondon © SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsorthe editorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrors oromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface The last economic and financial crisis has heavily threatened European and other economies around the globe. Also, the Eurozone crisis, the energy and climate change crises, challenges of demographic change with high unemployment rates, and the most recent conflicts in the Ukraine and the near East or the Ebola virus diseaseinAfricathreatenthewealthofoursocietiesindifferentways.Theinability topredictorrapidlydealwithdramaticchangesandnegativetrendsinoureconomies andsocietiescanseriouslyhamperthewealthandprosperityoftheEuropeanUnion anditsMemberStatesaswellastheglobalnetworks.Thesesocietalandeconomic challengesdemonstrateanurgentneedformoreeffectiveandefficientprocessesof governanceandpolicymaking,therewithspecificallyaddressingcrisismanagement andeconomic/welfareimpactreduction. Therefore, investing in the exploitation of innovative information and commu- nicationtechnology(ICT)inthesupportofgoodgovernanceandpolicymodeling hasbecomeamajoreffortoftheEuropeanUniontopositionitselfanditsMember States well in the global digital economy. In this realm, the European Union has laidoutclearstrategicpolicyobjectivesfor2020intheEurope2020strategy1:In a changing world, we want the EU to become a smart, sustainable, and inclusive economy. These three mutually reinforcing priorities should help the EU and the MemberStatesdeliverhighlevelsofemployment,productivity,andsocialcohesion. Concretely,theUnionhassetfiveambitiousobjectives—onemployment,innovation, education,socialinclusion,andclimate/energy—tobereachedby2020.Alongwith this, Europe 2020 has established four priority areas—smart growth, sustainable growth, inclusive growth, and later added: A strong and effective system of eco- nomicgovernance—designedtohelpEuropeemergefromthecrisisstrongerandto coordinatepolicyactionsbetweentheEUandnationallevels. TospecificallysupportEuropeanresearchinstrengtheningcapacities,inovercom- ingfragmentedresearchinthefieldofpolicymaking,andinadvancingsolutionsfor 1Europe2020http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/index_en.htm v vi Preface ICTsupportedgovernanceandpolicymodeling,theEuropeanCommissionhasco- funded an international support action called eGovPoliNet2. The overall objective ofeGovPoliNetwastocreateaninternational,cross-disciplinarycommunityofre- searchers working on ICT solutions for governance and policy modeling. In turn, the aim of this community was to advance and sustain research and to share the insightsgleanedfromexperiencesinEuropeandglobally.Toachievethis,eGovPo- liNetestablishedadialogue,broughttogetherexpertsfromdistinctdisciplines,and collectedandanalyzedknowledgeassets(i.e.,theories,concepts,solutions,findings, andlessonsonICTsolutionsinthefield)fromdifferentresearchdisciplines.Itbuilt on case material accumulated by leading actors coming from distinct disciplinary backgroundsandbroughttogethertheinnovativeknowledgeinthefield.Tools,meth- ods,andcasesweredrawnfromtheacademiccommunity,theICTsector,specialized policyconsultingfirmsaswellasfrompolicymakersandgovernanceexperts.These resultswereassembledinaknowledgebaseandanalyzedinordertoproducecom- parativeanalysesanddescriptionsofcases,tools,andscientificapproachestoenrich acommonknowledgebaseaccessibleviawww.policy-community.eu. This book, entitled “Policy Practice and Digital Science—Integrating Complex Systems,SocialSimulation,andPublicAdministrationinPolicyResearch,”isone oftheexcitingresultsoftheactivitiesofeGovPoliNet—fusingcommunitybuilding activitiesandactivitiesofknowledgeanalysis.Itdocumentsfindingsofcomparative analysesandbringsinexperiencesofexpertsfromacademiaandfromcasedescrip- tionsfromallovertheglobe.Specifically,itdemonstrateshowtheexplosivegrowth indata,computationalpower,andsocialmediacreatesnewopportunitiesforpolicy- makingandresearch.Thebookprovidesafirstcomprehensivelookonhowtotake advantageofthedevelopmentinthedigitalworldwithnewapproaches, concepts, instruments,andmethodstodealwithsocietalandcomputationalcomplexity.This requirestheknowledgetraditionallyfoundindifferentdisciplinesincludingpublic administration, policy analyses, information systems, complex systems, and com- putersciencetoworktogetherinamultidisciplinaryfashionandtoshareapproaches. Thisbookprovidesthefoundationforstronglymultidisciplinaryresearch,inwhich thevariousdevelopmentsanddisciplinesworktogetherfromacomprehensiveand holisticpolicymakingperspective.Awiderangeofaspectsforsocialandprofessional networking and multidisciplinary constituency building along the axes of technol- ogy, participative processes, governance, policy modeling, social simulation, and visualizationaretackledinthe19papers. Withthisbook,theprojectmakesaneffectivecontributiontotheoverallobjec- tives of the Europe 2020 strategy by providing a better understanding of different approachestoICTenabledgovernanceandpolicymodeling,andbyovercomingthe fragmentedresearchofthepast.Thisbookprovidesimpressiveinsightsintovarious theories,concepts,andsolutionsofICTsupportedpolicymodelingandhowstake- holderscanbemoreactivelyengagedinpublicpolicymaking.Itdrawsconclusions 2eGovPoliNet is cofunded under FP 7, Call identifier FP7-ICT-2011-7, URL: www.policy- community.eu Preface vii ofhowjointmultidisciplinaryresearchcanbringmoreeffectiveandresilientfind- ingsforbetterpredictingdramaticchangesandnegativetrendsinoureconomiesand societies. It is my great pleasure to provide the preface to the book resulting from the eGovPoliNetproject.Thisbookpresentsstimulatingresearchbyresearcherscoming fromalloverEuropeandbeyond.Congratulationstotheprojectpartnersandtothe authors!—Enjoyreading! ThanassisChrissafis ProjectofficerofeGovPoliNet EuropeanCommission DGCNECT,ExcellenceinScience,DigitalScience Contents 1 IntroductiontoPolicy-MakingintheDigitalAge ................. 1 MarijnJanssenandMariaA.Wimmer 2 EducatingPublicManagersandPolicyAnalysts inanEraofInformatics ....................................... 15 ChristopherKolibaandAsimZia 3 TheQualityofSocialSimulation:AnExamplefromResearch PolicyModelling .............................................. 35 PetraAhrweilerandNigelGilbert 4 PolicyMakingandModellinginaComplexWorld................ 57 WanderJagerandBruceEdmonds 5 FromBuildingaModeltoAdaptiveRobustDecisionMaking UsingSystemsModeling ....................................... 75 ErikPruyt 6 FeaturesandAddedValueofSimulationModelsUsingDifferent ModellingApproachesSupportingPolicy-Making:AComparative Analysis...................................................... 95 DraganaMajstorovic,MariaA.Wimmer,RoyLay-Yee,PeterDavis andPetraAhrweiler 7 AComparativeAnalysisofToolsandTechnologies forPolicyMaking ............................................. 125 EleniKamateri,EleniPanopoulou,EfthimiosTambouris, KonstantinosTarabanis,AdegboyegaOjo,DeirdreLee andDavidPrice 8 ValueSensitiveDesignofComplexProductSystems............... 157 AndreasLigtvoet,GeertenvandeKaa,TheoFens,CeesvanBeers, PaulierHerderandJeroenvandenHoven ix x Contents 9 StakeholderEngagementinPolicyDevelopment:Observations andLessonsfromInternationalExperience ...................... 177 NatalieHelbig,SharonDawes,ZamiraDzhusupova,BramKlievink andCatherineGeraldMkude 10 ValuesinComputationalModelsRevalued....................... 205 RebeccaMoodyandLasseGerrits 11 ThePsychologicalDriversofBureaucracy:Protecting theSocietalGoalsofanOrganization............................ 221 TjeerdC.Andringa 12 ActiveandPassiveCrowdsourcinginGovernment ................ 261 EuripidisLoukisandYannisCharalabidis 13 ManagementofComplexSystems:TowardAgent-Based GamingforPolicy............................................. 291 WanderJagerandGerbenvanderVegt 14 TheRoleofMicrosimulationintheDevelopmentofPublicPolicy... 305 RoyLay-YeeandGerryCotterell 15 Visual Decision Support for Policy Making: Advancing Policy AnalysiswithVisualization ..................................... 321 TobiasRuppert,JensDambruch,MichelKrämer,TinaBalke,Marco Gavanelli,StefanoBragaglia,FedericoChesani,MichelaMilano andJörnKohlhammer 16 AnalysisofFivePolicyCasesintheFieldofEnergyPolicy ......... 355 DominikBär,MariaA.Wimmer,JozefGlova,Anastasia PapazafeiropoulouandLaurenceBrooks 17 ChallengestoPolicy-MakinginDevelopingCountries andtheRolesofEmergingTools,MethodsandInstruments: ExperiencesfromSaintPetersburg.............................. 379 DmitriiTrutnev,LyudmilaVidyasovaandAndreiChugunov 18 SustainableUrbanDevelopment,GovernanceandPolicy: AComparativeOverviewofEUPoliciesandProjects ............. 393 DiegoNavarraandSimonaMilio 19 eParticipation,SimulationExerciseandLeadershipTraining inNigeria:BridgingtheDigitalDivide........................... 417 TankoAhmed
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