Point-based graphics

553 Pages·2007·18.321 MB·English

by  Markus Gross, Hanspeter Pfister

The best one-volume introduction to point-based graphics ever, it addresses virtually
every aspect of computer graphics from a point-based perspective: acquisition, repre-
sentation,modeling,animation,rendering–everythingfromthehistoryofpoint-based
graphicstothelatestresearchresults.Abroadanddeepbookdestinedtobethestandard
referenceforyearstocome,editedandwrittenbyleadersinthefield.
Dr.HenryFuchs
FedericoGilProfessor,DepartmentofComputerScience,UniversityNorthCarolina,
ChapelHill
Point-basedrepresentationshaverecentlycomeintoprominenceincomputergraphics
acrossarangeoftasks,fromrenderingtogeometricmodelingandphysicalsimulation.
Point-basedmodelsareunburdenedbyconnectivityinformationandallowdynamically
adaptivesampling,accordingtotheapplicationneeds.Theyarewell-suitedformodeling
challengingeffectssuchaswide-areacontacts,largedeformations,orfractures.Thelack
of manifold connectivity and regularity among the samples, however, presents many
newchallengesinpoint-basedapproachesandrequiresthedevelopmentofnewtoolkits
to address them. This book, in a series of well-written chapters, covers all essential
aspectsofusingpoint-basedrepresentationsincomputergraphics,fromtheunderlying
mathematicstodatastructurestoGPUimplementations—providingastate-of-the-art
reviewofthefield.
Prof.LeonidasJ.Guibas
ComputerScienceDepartment,StanfordUniversity
Thereisnosimplerobjectthanazerodimensionalpoint.Yetsomehow,armedwithmil-
lions of such simple primitives, researchers have constructed complex 3D models that
wecanseeandmanipulateonthescreen.Point-BasedGraphicsbringsustherichhis-
toryofworkthathasbeendoneinthisareaofcomputergraphics.EditorsMarkusGross
and Hanspeter Pfister and their contributing authors present a complete set of all the
detailed work that has exploded over the past decade resulting in many of the images
weseetoday.Thisbookprovidesboththetheoreticalfoundationsaswellasthepractical
elementsneededtobuildnewapplicationswithpoint-basedgraphics.
MichaelF.Cohen
PrincipalResearcher,MicrosoftResearch
This book offers much more than what its title advertises. It provides not only an
in-depthcoverageofthenewfieldofpoint-basedgraphics,butalsoasolidintroduction
to most modern techniques in computer graphics, from acquisition to rendering and
animation. Written by leading experts on the topic, chapters include the introduction
of fundamental tools as well as in-depth case studies of state-of-the-art algorithms.
I learned a lot reading the book and I expect to use it often as a reference.
Fre´doDurand
Associate Professor, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Mas-
sachusettsInstituteofTechnology
Point-basedgraphicshasseenasignificantrebirth,whichgreatlychangesthegraphics
arena.Thisbook,focusingonthemajor,recentadvancesinpoint-basedgraphics,pro-
vides an excellent introduction and overview of the state of the art. It is particularly
impressive for its breadth and depth, covering the foundations of the point primitive,
modeling,processing,andrendering,aswellasadvancedtopics,suchasphysics-based
animation.Otherdistinctivefeaturesofthebookareitsworld-renownededitors,Markus
Gross and Hanspeter Pfister, and the high academic caliber of the contributors. Pro-
fessionalsandstudentsalikewillfindthebookintriguingandstimulatingwithsound
andpracticaladvice.Itisarequiredreadingforanyonewhowantstokeeppacewith
therapidprogressinthisre-emergingandimportantareaofresearch.
Dr.ArieE.Kaufman
Distinguished Professor & Chair, Computer Science Department, Stony Brook
University(SUNY),StonyBrook,NY
Point-Based Graphics
The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Computer Graphics
Point-BasedGraphics GeometricToolsforComputer WarpingandMorphingof
MarkusGrossandHanspeter Graphics GraphicalObjects
Pfister,Editors PhilipSchneiderandDavid JonasGomes,LuciaDarsa,Bruno
H.Eberly Costa,andLuizVelho
GeometricAlgebraforComputer
Science:AnObject-oriented UnderstandingVirtualReality: JimBlinn’sCorner:DirtyPixels
ApproachtoGeometry Interface,Application,andDesign JimBlinn
LeoDorst,DanielFontijne,and WilliamB.ShermanandAlan
StephenMann R.Craig RenderingwithRadiance:TheArt
andScienceofLighting
VisualizationinMedicine JimBlinn’sCorner:Notation, Visualization
BernhardPreimandDirkBartz Notation,Notation GregWardLarsonandRob
JimBlinn Shakespeare
HighDynamicRangeImaging:
DataAcquisition,Manipulation, LevelofDetailfor3DGraphics IntroductiontoImplicitSurfaces
andDisplay DavidLuebke,MartinReddy, EditedbyJulesBloomenthal
ErikReinhard,GregWard, JonathanD.Cohen,Amitabh
JimBlinn’sCorner:ATripDown
SumantaPattanaik,andPaul Varshney,BenjaminWatson,and
theGraphicsPipeline
Debevec RobertHuebner
JimBlinn
CompleteMayaProgramming PyramidAlgorithms:ADynamic InteractiveCurvesandSurfaces:
VolumeII:AnIn-depthGuideto ProgrammingApproachtoCurves AMultimediaTutorialonCAGD
3DFundamentals,Geometry,and andSurfacesforGeometric AlynRockwoodandPeter
Modeling Modeling Chambers
DavidA.D.Gould RonGoldman
WaveletsforComputerGraphics:
MELScriptingforMaya Non-PhotorealisticComputer TheoryandApplications
Animators,SecondEdition Graphics:Modeling,Rendering, EricJ.Stollnitz,TonyD.DeRose,
MarkR.WilkinsandChris andAnimation andDavidH.Salesin
Kazmier ThomasStrothotteandStefan
Schlechtweg PrinciplesofDigitalImage
AdvancedGraphicsProgramming Synthesis
CurvesandSurfacesforCAGD:
UsingOpenGL AndrewS.Glassner
APracticalGuide,FifthEdition
TomMcReynoldsandDavid
Blythe GeraldFarin Radiosity&GlobalIllumination
FrançoisX.SillionandClaude
DigitalGeometryGeometric SubdivisionMethodsforGeometric Puech
Design:AConstructiveApproach
MethodsforDigitalPicture
JoeWarrenandHenrikWeimer Knotty:AB-SplineVisualization
Analysis
Program
ReinhardKletteandAzriel ComputerAnimation:Algorithms JonathanYen
Rosenfeld andTechniques
RickParent UserInterfaceManagement
DigitalVideoandHDTV
Systems:ModelsandAlgorithms
AlgorithmsandInterfaces TheComputerAnimator’s DanR.Olsen,Jr.
CharlesPoynton TechnicalHandbook
LynnPocockandJudson MakingThemMove:Mechanics,
Real-TimeShaderProgramming Rosebush Control,andAnimationof
RonFosner ArticulatedFigures
AdvancedRenderMan:Creating EditedbyNormanI.Badler,Brian
CompleteMayaProgramming:An CGIforMotionPictures A.Barsky,andDavidZeltzer
ExtensiveGuidetoMELandthe AnthonyA.ApodacaandLarry
C++API Gritz GeometricandSolidModeling:An
DavidA.D.Gould Introduction
CurvesandSurfacesinGeometric ChristophM.Hoffmann
Texturing&Modeling:A Modeling:TheoryandAlgorithms
ProceduralApproach,Third JeanGallier AnIntroductiontoSplinesforUse
Edition inComputerGraphicsand
DavidS.Ebert,F.Kenton AndrewGlassner’sNotebook: GeometricModeling
Musgrave,DarwynPeachey,Ken RecreationalComputerGraphics RichardH.Bartels,John
Perlin,andStevenWorley AndrewS.Glassner C.Beatty,andBrianA.Barsky
Point-based Graphics
Editedby
MARKUSGROSSANDHANSPETERPFISTER
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Point-basedgraphics/MarkusGross,HanspeterPfister.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-12-370604-1(hardcover:alk.paper)1.Computergraphics.2.Three-dimensional
displaysystems.I.Pfister,Hanspeter.II.Title.
T385.G7692007
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About the Editors
DR. MARKUS GROSS
Dr. Gross is a professor of computer science, chair of
the institute of computational science, and director of
theComputerGraphicsLaboratoryoftheSwissFederal
Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zu¨rich. His research
interests include point-based graphics, physically-
based modeling, multiresolution analysis, and virtual
reality. He has published more than 130 scientific
papers on computer graphics and scientific visualiza-
tion, and he authored the book “Visual Computing”,
Springer,1994.Heholdsvariouspatentsoncoregraphics
technologies.GrosshastaughtcoursesatmajorgraphicsconferencesincludingACM
SIGGRAPH,IEEEVisualization,andEurographics.Heservesasamemberofinter-
national program committees of many graphics conferences and on the editorial
boardofvariousscientificjournals.Grosswasapapersco-chairoftheIEEEVisual-
ization’99,theEurographics2000,andtheIEEEVisualization2002conferences.He
waschairofthepaperscommitteeofACMSIGGRAPH2005.GrossreceivedaMaster
ofScienceinelectricalandcomputerengineeringandaPhDincomputergraphics
andimageanalysis,bothfromtheUniversityofSaarbrucken,Germany.From1990to
1994,GrossworkedfortheComputerGraphicsCenterinDarmstadt,whereheestab-
lishedanddirectedtheVisualComputingGroup.HeisaseniormemberofIEEE,a
memberoftheIEEEComputerSociety,amemberofACMandACMSiggraph,and
amemberoftheEurographicsAssociation.From2002-2006hewasamemberofthe
ETHresearchcommission.Grossservesinboardpositionsofanumberofinterna-
tionalresearchinstitutes,societiesandgovernmentorganizations.Heischairofthe
technical advisory committee of Ageia Corporation. Gross co-founded Cyfex AG,
NovodexAG,andLiberoVisionAG.
viii
ABOUTTHEEDITORS/CONTRIBUTORS ix
DR. HANSPETER PFISTER
Hanspeter Pfister is Associate Director and Senior
Research Scientist at MERL—Mitsubishi Electric
Research Laboratories—in Cambridge, MA. He is the
chief architect of VolumePro, Mitsubishi Electric’s real-
time volume rendering hardware for PCs. His research
interestsincludecomputergraphics,scientificvisualiza-
tion,andgraphicsarchitectures.Hisworkspansarange
of topics, including point-based graphics, appearance
modeling and acquisition, computational photography,
3D television, and face modeling. Hanspeter Pfister
receivedhisPh.D.inComputerSciencein1996fromthe
StateUniversityofNewYorkatStonyBrook.Hereceived
his M.S. in Electrical Engineering from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
(ETH)Zurich,Switzerland,in1991.Dr.Pfisterhastaughtcoursesatmajorgraph-
icsconferencesincludingSIGGRAPH,IEEEVisualization,andEurographics.Hehas
beenteachingintroductoryandadvancedgraphicsoursesattheHarvardExtension
Schoolsince1999.HeisAssociateEditoroftheIEEETransactionsonVisualization
andComputerGraphics(TVCG),chairoftheIEEEVisualizationandGraphicsTech-
nical Committee (VGTC), and has served as a member of international program
committees of major graphics conferences. Dr. Pfister was the general chair of the
IEEE Visualization 2002 conference. He is senior member of the IEEE, and mem-
berofACM,ACMSIGGRAPH,theIEEEComputerSociety,andtheEurographics
Association.
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS
Adams, Bart Bart Adams received the M.Sc. Degree in Computer Engineering
(magna cum laude) from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium in 2002. In
October 2002 he joined the Computer Graphics Group of Prof. Philip Dutre´ and
startedaPh.D.attheComputerScienceDepartmentoftheKatholiekeUniversiteit
Leuven funded by the National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium. His current
researchfocusesontheuseofpoint-basedsurfacerepresentationsandtechniquesfor
computergraphicsapplicationsandhasleadtotwopublicationssofarattheannual
ACMSIGGRAPHconference.HehasworkedtogetherwiththeComputerGraphics
LabatETHZu¨richonvariousprojectsandwasavisitingscholaratStanfordUniver-
sityinthesummersof2004and2005.
Adamson,Anders AndersAdamsonisaresearchassociate,teachingassistantand
PhD student at the Department of Computer Science of the TU Darmstadt,