Plutarch in the Religious and Philosophical Discourse of Late Antiquity PDF
Preview Plutarch in the Religious and Philosophical Discourse of Late Antiquity
Plutarch in the Religious and Philosophical Discourse of Late Antiquity Ancient Mediterranean and Medieval Texts and Contexts Editors RobertM.Berchman JacobNeusner Studies in Platonism, Neoplatonism, and the Platonic Tradition Editedby RobertM.Berchman DowlingCollegeandBardCollege JohnF.Finamore UniversityofIowa EditorialBoard JOHNDILLON(TrinityCollege,Dublin)–GARYGURTLER(BostonCollege) JEAN-MARCNARBONNE(LavalUniversity,Canada) VOLUME14 Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/spnp Plutarch in the Religious and Philosophical Discourse of Late Antiquity Editedby LautaroRoigLanzillotta IsraelMuñozGallarte LEIDEN•BOSTON 2012 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Plutarchinthereligiousandphilosophicaldiscourseoflateantiquity/editedbyLautaroRoig Lanzillotta,IsraelMuñozGallarte. pages.cm.–(AncientMediterraneanandmedievaltextsandcontexts;volume14) PapersfromtheXICongressoftheInternationalPlutarchSocietyheldJune2010. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-90-04-23474-1(hardback:alk.paper)–ISBN978-90-04-23685-1(e-book) 1.Plutarch–Congresses.2.Philosophy,Ancient–Congresses.I.RoigLanzillotta,Lautaro.II. MuñozGallarte,Israel.III.InternationalPlutarchSociety.IV.Series:AncientMediterraneanand medievaltextsandcontexts;v.14. PA4382.P592013 184–dc23 2012032857 Thispublicationhasbeentypesetinthemultilingual“Brill”typeface.Withover5,100 characterscoveringLatin,IPA,Greek,andCyrillic,thistypefaceisespeciallysuitablefor useinthehumanities.Formoreinformation,pleaseseewww.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN1871-188X ISBN978-90-04-23474-1(hardback) ISBN978-90-04-23685-1(e-book) Copyright2012byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillNVincorporatestheimprintsBrill,GlobalOriental,HoteiPublishing, IDCPublishersandMartinusNijhoffPublishers. 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CONTENTS Preface.................................................................. vii Abbreviations........................................................... xi ListofContributors..................................................... xv Introduction:PlutarchattheCrossroadsofReligionandPhilosophy .. 1 LautaroRoigLanzillotta I PLUTARCHANDPHILOSOPHY PlutarchontheSleepingSoulandtheWakingIntellectand Aristotle’sDoubleEntelechyConcept.............................. 25 AbrahamP.Bos TheDoctrineofthePassions:Plutarch,PosidoniusandGalen ......... 43 FrancescoBecchi TheAdventitiousMotionoftheSoul(Plu.,DeStoic.repugn.23, 1045B–F)andtheControversybetweenAristoofChiosandthe MiddleAcademy ................................................... 55 RaúlCaballero Plutarchand“PaganMonotheism” ..................................... 73 FrederickE.Brenk SocratesandAlcibiades:ANotoriousσκάνδαλονintheLaterPlatonist Tradition ........................................................... 85 GeertRoskam SaltintheHolyWater:Plutarch’sQuaestionesNaturalesinMichael Psellus’Deomnifariadoctrina ...................................... 101 MichielMeeusen vi contents II PLUTARCHANDRELIGION IacchusinPlutarch ..................................................... 125 AnaIsabelJiménezSanCristóbal Plutarch’sIdeaofGodintheReligiousandPhilosophicalContextof LateAntiquity...................................................... 137 LautaroRoigLanzillotta PlutarchasApollo’sPriestatDelphi.................................... 151 AngeloCasanova Plutarch’sAttitudetowardsAstralBiology ............................. 159 AurelioPérezJiménez “Cicalatasulfascinovolgarmentedettojettatura”:Plutarch,Quaestio convivalis5.7........................................................ 171 PaolaVolpeCacciatore TheEleusinianMysteriesandPoliticalTimingintheLifeof Alcibiades........................................................... 181 DelfimF.Leão Μυστηριώδηςθεολογία:Plutarch’sfr.157SandbachbetweenCultual TraditionsandPhilosophicalModels............................... 193 RosarioScannapieco ANon-FideisticInterpretationofπίστιςinPlutarch’sWritings:The HarmonybetweenπίστιςandKnowledge.......................... 215 GeorgevanKooten TheColorsoftheSouls ................................................. 235 IsraelMuñozGallarte Bibliography............................................................ 249 Indexlocorum.......................................................... 275 Indexrerum ............................................................ 294 Indexnominum ........................................................ 298 PREFACE ThisbookincludesthereworkedversionsofthepaperspresentedattheXI CongressoftheInternationalPlutarchSociety(section:RéseauThématique Plutarque):“PlutarchintheReligiousandPhilosophicalDiscourseofLate Antiquity”, which I had the pleasure to organize, together with Dr Israel MuñozGallarte,attheUniversityofGroningen’sFacultyofTheologyand ReligiousStudiesfromJune2–5,2010.Itincludesfifteenpapersbyrenowned Europeanscholars:sixpapersfocusonphilosophicalmattersandtheother nineonreligiousissues. TheDepartmentofJewish,ChristianandIslamicOrigins,inwhichIwork asseniorLecturerinNewTestamentandEarlyChristianStudies,paysspe- cialattentiontotheculturalenvironment(social,philosophical,religious, politicalandhistoricalcontexts)inwhichancientwritingswereproduced and consumed. Given the time span that separates us from the first cen- turies of late antiquity and our ignorance about numerous aspects of the multiculturalsocietyinwhichwritersandreaderslived,reconstructingthe culturalenvironmentinwhichandforwhichtextswerecomposedappears tobeanessentialpartofthedevelopmentofexegetes’interpretations.The testimonyofinsidersandexternalobserversispreciousforthisreconstruc- tion. TheworksofPlutarch,notablyhisMoraliabutalsohisLives,provideus withexceptionalevidence,sincetheycoverbothperspectives.Astothefor- mer,asapriestofApolloatDelphihewitnessedpaganreligionandancient religiousexperience;asaMiddlePlatonisthewasalsoactivelyinvolvedin the developments of the philosophical school and provided unique testi- monyforconceptualissuesthatwouldonlyachievedefinitiveforminPlot- inusandNeoplatonism.Astothelatter,Plutarchwasasensitivechronicler ofeventsheexperiencedinalessdirectmannerandoftenprovidedamore detached point of view about the numerous religious practices and cur- rentsthatpermeatedthebuildingofancientpaganreligionandthephilo- sophicalviewsofotherschools.Theconferenceaimedtotakeadvantageof Plutarch’sprivilegedpositionasanobserverofthephilosophicalandreli- giousworldsoflateantiquitytoassessanumberofissuesthatarerelevant forthereconstructionoftheculturalatmosphereofthefirstcenturiesofthe era. viii preface As far as the philosophical world is concerned, the essays in this book assess Plutarch’s testimony to Aristotle’s influence on Middle Platonism (A.P. Bos, Amsterdam), Plutarch’s position within Middle Platonism as viewedthroughacomparisonbetweenhisownconceptionsofthepassions andthoseofPosidoniusandGalen(F.Becchi,Florence)andhistestimony regardingthecontroversybetweentheStoaandtheMiddleAcademy(Raúl Caballero,Malaga).PaganmonotheismfromtheMiddlePlatonicperspec- tive(F.Brenk,Rome),therelationshipbetweenSocratesandAlcibiadesin later Platonic tradition (G. Roskam, Leuven) and Michael Psellus’ use of Plutarch’sQuaestionesnaturales(M.Meeusen,Leuven)completethesec- tion. Asforthereligiousworld,thesectionopenswithanevaluationofPlu- tarch’stestimonyabouttheprocessionofIacchusfromAthenstoEleusis, withaviewtodeterminingwhetherthenameIacchusreferstoDionysus ortoadifferentdeity(A.Jiménez,Madrid).Plutarch’sideaofgod,inturn, isestablishedbyananalysisofhisviewsonHerodotus’religiosityandthe MiddlePlatonicargumentsusedtoassessit(L.RoigLanzillotta,Groningen). A review of Plutarch’s experience as a priest of Apollo (A. Casanova, Flo- rence) completes the study of his theological views. Popular religiosity is thefocusoftwostudies:Plutarch’sviewsregardingastralbiology(A.Pérez Jiménez, Malaga) and the analysis of ancient beliefs about the evil eye, whichN.Vallettacalled“jettatura”(P.VolpeCacciatore,Salerno).Therela- tionshipbetweenreligionandpoliticsasreflectedbytheEleusinianMys- teriescomestotheforeinPlutarch’sLifeofAlcibiades(D.Leão,Coimbra), whileananalysisoffr.157Sandbacharguesthattheviewofa“mystery-like theology” provides a comprehensive vision of physical and metaphysical realities(R.Scannapieco,Salerno).AnanalysisofthetermpistisinPlutarch argues that fideistic interpretations need to be revised (G. van Kooten, Groningen)andacomparisonofthecolorsofthesoulbothinPlutarchand theapocryphalActsofJohn(IsraelMuñozGallarte,Groningen)closesthe book. Thisconferencewouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouttheclosecollab- orationofmyfriendandcolleagueDrIsraelMuñozGallarte.Afterourfirst enthusiasticconversationsinSeville,heprovidedthenecessaryimpetusto ourplansinParis,whichultimatelyledtotheircrystallizationinGroningen. Hisrolewascrucialbothinthepreliminarycontactswiththemembersof the“Réseau”andinorganizingtheGroningenmeeting. Manypeopleactivelycontributedtotheorganizationofthisconference. Thedeanofourfaculty,Prof.G.vanKooten,lenthiscompletesupporttothe organization,andtheGUF(GroningerUniversiteitsFonds)andtheFaculty preface ix ofTheologyandReligiousStudieskindlyprovidedthenecessaryfinancial supportfortheevent.SpecialthanksarealsoowedtoM.WubboltsandMir- jamBuigel,whosehelpandexperienceensuredthesuccessfulorganization oftheconference. Differentpersonsreadthemanuscriptatdifferentstagesandenriched itwithnumerouscorrectionsandsuggestions.Especialthanksaredueto LoukeBoulens,JuliaHarveyforhercontinuoussupportandtomydearand eruditefriendAlasdairA.MacDonald.
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