Plumbing Principles and Practice

429 Pages·2021·11.182 MB·English

by  Syed Azizul Haq

Plumbing Principles and Practice
This book provides a complete introduction to plumbing services. It explains the principles
and provides practical examples of the planning, design, installation and maintenance of the
plumbing technologies applicable to single-storey buildings, skyscrapers and everything in
between. The book begins with an introduction to plumbing technology, the trade and its
evolution. Chapters then cover:
• Pipes, fittings and accessories and their installation and testing
• Pumps and pumping systems
• Hydraulic principles
• Hot and cold water supply systems
• Fixtures and appliances
• Sanitary and storm drainage systems
• Special concerns such as seismic issues, safety, security and the state of the art.
Written and the figures drawn by a registered professional engineer and experienced teacher,
this book is suitable for use on a wide range of courses from building services engineering,
civil engineering, construction technology, plumbing services, environmental engineering,
water engineering and architectural technology.
Syed Azizul Haq, a patent holder of the “mechanical seal trap” and author of Harvesting
Rainwater from Buildings published by Springer International Publishing, is president of
the RAiN Forum – a non-profit voluntary platform for knowledge sharing and promotion
of rainwater among scientist, engineers, architects, planners, academicians, practitioners,
administrators, students and others who are directly or indirectly concerned about
sustainable water management – and, following 35 years with the Public Works Department
in Bangladesh, also serves as a part-time faculty member at a number of universities.

Plumbing Principles and Practice
Second edition
Syed Azizul Haq
Second edition published 2022
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2022 Syed Azizul Haq
The right of Syed Azizul Haq to be identified as author of this work has been asserted
by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents
Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to
infringe.
First edition published by Syeda Masuda Khatoon, 2006
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-1-032-00004-6 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-76301-5 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-17223-9 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003172239
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
To
my
Father-in-law: Dr. Muhammad Habibullah
and
Mother-in-law: Begum Saleha Khatun

Contents
Foreword 1 xix
Foreword 2 xxi
Preface xxii
Acknowledgements xxv
List of abbreviations xxvi
List of figures xxviii
List of tables xxxiv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 History of plumbing 1
1.3 Plumbing practice: global perspective 2
Australia 2
United Kingdom (UK) 2
United States of America (USA) 3
India 3
Bangladesh 3
1.4 Scope of plumbing systems 4
1.5 Importance of plumbing 5
1.5.1 Environmental aspects of plumbing 5
1.5.2 Health aspects of plumbing 6
1.5.3 Energy aspects of plumbing 6
1.5.4 Plumbing damaging property 6
1.5.5 Plumbing as a development indicator 6
1.5.6 Regulatory aspects of plumbing 7
1.6 Principles of plumbing 7
1.6.1 Achieving the objectives 10
1.7 Basic plumbing requirements 11
1.8 Plumbing practice 11
1.8.1 Planning of plumbing 11
1.8.2 Designing of plumbing 12
1.8.3 Installation of plumbing 12
1.8.4 Maintaining plumbing 12
viii Contents
1.9 Plumbing practitioners and traders 12
1.9.1 Plumbing professionals 12
1.9.2 Plumbing contractors 13
1.9.3 Plumbers 13
1.9.4 Manufacturers and traders 14
2 Hydraulics in plumbing 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Hydraulics 15
2.2.1 Density 16
2.2.2 Viscosity 16
2.2.3 Surface tension 17
2.2.4 Vapour pressure 17
2.2.5 Temperature 18
2.2.6 Other factors 18
2.3 Pressure 18
2.3.1 Atmospheric pressure 19
2.3.2 Static water pressure 19
2.3.3 Absolute pressure and gauge pressure 19
2.3.4 Velocity and Pressure 20
2.4 Flow of water 21
2.4.1 Flow under gravitational force 21
2.4.2 Flow under pressure 23
2.5 Nomograph charts 24
2.5.1 Nomograph of Manning’s formula 25
2.5.2 Nomograph of Hazen-Williams formula 26
2.6 Friction loss 26
3 Pipes and fittings 29
3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 Pipes 29
3.2.1 Pipe classification 29
3.2.2 Pipe sizes 30
3.3 Pipes of different materials 31
3.3.1 Iron pipe 31
3.3.2 Steel pipe 34
3.3.3 Plastic pipe 34
3.3.4 Copper pipe 36
3.3.5 Concrete pipe 37
3.4 Fittings 38
3.4.1 Uses of various fittings 39
3.4.2 Fittings for special purposes 43
3.4.3 Fittings of various materials 46
3.4.4 Drainage fitting angle 49
Contents ix
3.5 Storing pipes and fittings 49
3.5.1 Storing pipes 50
3.5.2 Storing pipe fittings 51
4 Piping installation and testing 53
4.1 Introduction 53
4.2 Pipe installation 53
4.3 Pipe cutting 55
4.4 Pipe jointing 55
4.4.1 CI pipe joints 56
4.4.2 Galvanized steel or iron pipe joint 58
4.4.3 Copper pipe joint 61
4.4.4 Plastic pipe joint 65
4.4.5 Concrete pipe jointing 68
4.5 Supporting pipes 68
4.5.1 Supporting vertical pipes 69
4.5.2 Supporting horizontal pipes 70
4.5.3 Spacing of pipe supports 72
4.6 Pipe sleeve 72
4.7 Installing underground pipe 73
4.7.1 Structural safety of underground piping 73
4.8 Testing of plumbing system 75
4.8.1 Testing of water supply piping system 76
4.8.2 Testing of drainage and vent piping system 77
4.9 Disinfecting piping 79
5 Pump and pumping system 81
5.1 Introduction 81
5.2 Pump 81
5.2.1 Pump type 81
5.3 Centrifugal pump 81
5.3.1 Major components of a centrifugal pump 82
5.3.2 Application of centrifugal pump 84
5.4 Type of centrifugal pump 84
5.4.1 Based on internal design 84
5.4.2 Based on suction configuration 85
5.4.3 Based on shape of impeller 85
5.4.4 Based on casing design 86
5.4.5 Based on motor and pump connection 87
5.4.6 Based on type of flow 88
5.4.7 Based on type of service or duty 88
5.4.8 Based on support of pump 89
5.4.9 Based on bearing support 90
5.4.10 Based on staging of pump 90