Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook - A Plumbing Engineer’s Guide to System Design and Specifications, Volume 3 - Special Plumbing Systems

412 Pages·2011·12.21 MB·English

American Society of Plumbing Engineers
Plumbing Engineering
Design Handbook
A Plumbing Engineer’s Guide to System Design and Specifications
Volume 3
Special Plumbing Systems
American Society of Plumbing Engineers
2980 S. River Road
Des Plaines, IL 60018
The ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information for the design and
specification of plumbing systems. The publisher makes no guarantees or warranties, expressed or implied, regarding the data and infor-
mation contained in this publication. All data and information are provided with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in
rendering legal, consulting, engineering, or other professional services. If legal, consulting, or engineering advice or other expert assistance
is required, the services of a competent professional should be engaged.
American Society of Plumbing Engineers
2980 S. River Rd.
Des Plaines, IL 60018

s&AX
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MAILINFO ASPEORGs)NTERNETWWWASPEORG
Copyright © 2011 by American Society of Plumbing Engineers
All rights reserved, including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies
by any photographic process, or by any electronic or mechanical device, printed or written or oral, or recording for
sound or visual reproduction, or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is
obtained from the publisher.
ISBN 978-1-891255-21-2
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Table of Contents xi
Figures
Figure 1-1 Time/Temperature Curve for Standard Fire Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 1-2 Pitot Tube Position. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 1-3 Method of Conducting Flow Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figure 1-4 Three General Types of Hydrant Outlets and Their Coefficients of
Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figure 1-5 Water Supply Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figure 1-6 Typical Alarm Check Valve Riser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Figure 1-7 Wet Pipe Sprinkler System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Figure 1-8 Vane-type Water Flow Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Figure 1-9 Dry Pipe Valve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 1-10 Typical Dry Pipe Valve Riser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Figure 1-11 Typical Preaction Valve Riser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Figure 1-12 Typical Deluge Valve Riser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Figure 1-13 Deluge Valve with Single Differential Diaphragm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 1-14 Deluge Valve with Outlet Pressure Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 1-15 Antifreeze System Piping Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 1-16 Density Area Curve Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Figure 1-17 Example Sprinkler Flow Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Figure 1-18 Common Types of Acceptable Hangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Figure 1-19 Acceptable Piping Arrangement for Combined Sprinkler/Standpipe
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Figure 1-20 Schematic Diagram of Fire Pump with Bypass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Figure 1-21 Fire Pump System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 1-22 The Fire Triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 2-1 Acid-neutralizing Tank Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Figure 2-2 Acid Waste Solids Interceptor Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Figure 2-3 Sampling Manhole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Figure 2-4 Typical Layout of Liquid Oxygen, Oxygen Reserve Supply, Cylinder
Nitrous Oxide Supply, and Cylinder Nitrogen Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Figure 2-5 Typical Bulk Supply System Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Figure 2-6 Typical Cylinder Supply System without Reserve Supply Schematic . . . 61
Figure 2-7 Conversion from acfm to scfm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Figure 2-8 Typical Duplex Medical Air Compressor System (Type 1 Gas System). . 63
Figure 2-9 Schematic of a Typical Duplex Medical/Surgical Vacuum Pump System 66
xii ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook—Volume 3
Figure 3 -1 Acid/Caustic Neutralization Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Figure 3-2 Conventional Electroplating Industry Wastewater Treatment . . . . . . . . 86
Figure 3-3 Treatment System with Wastewater Stream Segregation . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Figure 3-4 Typical Continuous Treatment of Wastewater and Solids-handling
System for Heavy Metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Figure 3-5 Emulsified Oil Removal Flow Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Figure 4-1 Examples of a Block System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Figure 4-2 Quick-coupling Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Figure 4-3 Valve-in-Head System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Figure 4-4 Pop-up Spray Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Figure 4-5 Impact Sprinkler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Figure 4-6 Rotor Sprinkler—Arcs and Full Circles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Figure 4-7 Nozzles—Adjustable Arcs and Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Figure 4-8 Installation of Atmospheric-type Vacuum Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Figure 4-9 Irrigation Sprinkler Programmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Figure 5-1 Pre-plumbed Equipment Skid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Figure 5-2 Equipment Vault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Figure 5-3 Combination Suction Sump Pump and Discharge Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Figure 5-4 Combination Overflow and Water Level Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Figure 5-5 Mechanical Sidewall Niche Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Figure 5-6 Surface Skimmer Fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Figure 5-7 Eyeball Fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Figure 5-8 Adjustable Diverter Inlet Fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Figure 6-1 Field-fabricated Sump Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Figure 6-2 Formed Concrete Main Drain Sump with Hydrostatic Relief Valve . . . 113
Figure 6-3 Typical Above-grade Piping Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Figure 6-4 Typical Below-grade Piping Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Figure 6-5 Deck-level Surge Gutter Trench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Figure 6-6 Skimmer Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Figure 6-7 Horizontal High-rate Sand Filtration System, Multi-tank . . . . . . . . . . 118
Figure 6-8 Vacuum DE Filter in Pre-coat Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Figure 6-9 Regenerative DE Filter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Figure 6-10 Particle Retention Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Figure 6-11 Flow Control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Figure 6-12 Differential Pressure Controller Detail, Piston-actuated Butterfly
Valve with Pilot Positioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Figure 6-13 Differential Pressure Controller Detail, Diaphragm-actuated Butterfly
Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Figure 6-14 Complete System Piping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Figure 6-15 Handicapped Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Figure 7-1 Typical Underground Storage Tank Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Figure 7-2 Containment Sump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Figure 7-3 Manway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Figure 7-4 Overfill Protection Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Figure 7-5 Ball Float Overfill Protection Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Figure 7-6 Schematic Diagram of Leak Detection Methods for Tanks and Piping. 143
Table of Contents xiii
Figure 7-7 Detail of Hydrostatic Interstitial Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Figure 7-8 Typical Service Station Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Figure 7-9 Shear Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Figure 7-10 Fuel Management Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Figure 7-11 Aboveground Storage Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Figure 7-12 Aboveground Storage Tank Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Figure 7-13 Fill Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Figure 7-14 Coaxial Pipe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Figure 7-15 Foot Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Figure 7-16 System Head Loss Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Figure 7-17 Deadman Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Figure 8-1 Flash Steam Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Figure 8-2 Flow Rate and Velocity of Steam in Schedule 40 Pipe at Saturation
Pressure of 0 psig. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Figure 8-3 Velocity Multiplier Chart for Figure 8-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Figure 8-4 Thermostatic Bellows Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Figure 8-5 Inverted Bucket Trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Figure 8-6 Thermodynamic Disc Trap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Figure 8-7 Guidelines for Drip Leg Sizing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Figure 8-8 Piping for Runouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Figure 8-9 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Figure 9-1 Relationship Between Gauge and Absolute Pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Figure 9-2 Dewpoint Conversion Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Figure 9-3 Typical Aftercooler and Moisture Separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Figure 9-4 Refrigerated Air Dryer with Four Major Components: . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Figure 9-5 Absorption (Dessicant) Dryer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Figure 10-1 The Role of Renewable Energy in the U.S. Energy Supply . . . . . . . . . . 189
Figure 10-2 Amount of Sun’s Energy that Reaches the Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Figure 10-3 How Solar Energy Is Collected. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Figure 10-4 Sample f-chart, Service Water Heating Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Figure 10-5 Thermosyphon System, Service Water Heating Application, Indirect . 198
Figure 10-6 Pump Circulating System, Service Water Heating Application, Direct. 198
Figure 10-7 f-chart for Memphis, Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Figure 10-8 Pump Circulating System, Combined Space and Service Water
Heating Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Figure 10-9 Panels in Parallel/Arrays in Parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Figure 10-10 Panels in Series/Arrays in Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Figure 10-11 Panels in Series/Arrays in Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Figure 10-12 Dual Water Heater with Solar Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Figure 10-13 Dual Water Heater with Dual Solar Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Figure 10-14 Solar Panel Array Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Figure 11-1 Water Service Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Figure 11-2 Conversion of Fixture Units to gpm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Figure 11-3 Hydrant Flow Test Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Figure 11-4 Pitot Tube with Gage and Air Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Figure 11-5 Obtaining Nozzle Pressure with a Pitot Tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
xiv ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook—Volume 3
Figure 11-6 Relative Discharge Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Figure 11-7 Water Supply Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Figure 11-8 Service Connection Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Figure 11-9 Large Wet Tap Excavation Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Figure 11-10 Equivalent Lengths of Pipe for Valves and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Figure 11-11 Aboveground Reduced Pressure Zone Backflow Preventer . . . . . . . . . . 215
Figure 11-12 Typical Backflow Preventer in Pit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Figure 11-13 Double Check Valve Installed in a Pit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Figure 11-14 RPZ Discharge Flow Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Figure 11-15 Connections to a Public Water Main . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Figure 11-16 Frost Depth Map of the Continental United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Figure 11-17 Typical Connections to Water Storage Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Figure 11-18 Typical Fire Hydrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Figure 11-19 Typical Guard Post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Figure 11-20 Typical Post Indicator Valve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Figure 11-21 Thrust Block Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Figure 11-22 Fixture Unit Conversion to gpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Figure 11-23 Pipe Sizing Using the Manning Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Figure 11-24 Bedding for Plastic Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Figure 11-25 Bedding for Metallic Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Figure 11-26 Rigid Pipe Bedding Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Figure 11-27 Typical House Sewer Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Figure 11-28 Typical Precast Manhole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Figure 11-29 Typical Acid Manhole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Figure 11-30 Shallow Manhole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Figure 11-31 Drop Manhole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Figure 11-32 Detail of Waterproof Manhole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Figure 11-33 Submersible Pump Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Figure 11-34 Detail of Force Main Connection to Public Sewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Figure 11-35 Force Main Cleanout in Manhole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Figure 11-36 Force Main Air Release and Vacuum Relief Valves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Figure 11-37 Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Figure 11-38 Overland Flow Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Figure 11-39 Rainfall Intensity-Frequency-Duration Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Figure 11-40 Transition Fitting from Plastic to Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Figure 11-B1 Typical Water Service Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Figure 11-B2 Typical Sewer Letter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Figure 11-B3 Typical Gas Utility Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Figure 12-1 Moisture Content of Saturated Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Figure 12-2 Dewpoint Conversion Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Figure 12-3 Typical Arrangements and Dimensions of Cylinder Installations . . . . . 268
Figure 12-4 Typical Cylinder Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Figure 12-5 Cryogenic Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Figure 12-6 Typical Manifold Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Figure 12-7 Typical Single- and Double-stage Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Figure 12-8 Typical Purifier Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Figure 12-9 Typical Single-cylinder Installation Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Figure 12-10 Typical Relief Venting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Figure 12-11 Typical Purging Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
1
Figure 12-12 /8-in. OD Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
xvi ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook—Volume 3
Tables
Table 1-1 gpm Flow Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table 1-2 Factors for Determining Water Capacity per Foot of Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table 1-3A Water Flow Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 1-3B Water Flow Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 1-3C Water Flow Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 1-3D Water Flow Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 1-3E Water Flow Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 1-3F Water Flow Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 1-3G Water Flow Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 1-4 Equivalent Pipe Lengths for Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 1-5 Maximum Sprinkler Temperature Rating and Temperature Classification
Color Code (with glass bulb fusible link) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Table 1-6 Approved Pipe Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Table 1-7 Partial Summary of Centrifugal Fire Pump Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 2-1 Recommended Plumbing Fixtures and Related Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 2-2 Hospital Plumbing Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Table 2-3 Acidic Waste Neutralization Tank Sizing Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Table 2-4 Inlet/Outlet Station Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Table 2-5 Medical Air Peak Demand Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table 2-6 Outlet Rating Chart for Medical Vacuum Piping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Table 2-7 Medical Vacuum Peak Demand Chart (Medical/Surgical Vacuum System). 54
Table 2-8 Color Coding for Piped Medical Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Table 2-9 Types of Dispensing Equipment for Specific Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Table 2-10 Exterior Bulk Oxygen Storage Installation Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 2-11 Cryogenic Storage Tank Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 2-12 Selection Chart for Oxygen Manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 2-13 Sizing Chart for Nitrous Oxide Cylinder Manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Table 2-14 Altitude Correction Factors for Medical Air Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 2-15 Minimum Pipe Sizes for Medical Air Compressor Intake Risers . . . . . . . . 64
Table 2-16 Selection Chart for Nitrogen Cylinder Manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Table 2-17 acfm to scfm Vacuum Conversion Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Table 2-18 Altitude Correction Factors for Vacuum Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Table 2-19 Minimum Pipe Sizes for Vacuum Exhaust Risers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Table 2-20 Medical Gas Pipe Support Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Table of Contents xvii
Table 2-21 Medical Gas Diversity (Simultaneous Use) Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Table 2-22 Data for Sizing Oxygen and Nitrous Oxide Supply Piping. . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 2-23 Data for Sizing Nitrogen Supply Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table 2-24 Pressure Loss, psi per 100 ft in 50 psi Compressed Air Piping . . . . . . . . . 72
Table 2-25 High-pressure Compressed Air Friction Loss Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Table 2-26 Data for Sizing Vacuum Piping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Table 3-1 Industries Affected by the Effluent Guidelines Program Plan . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Table 3-2 General Properties of Materials Used for Storage Tanks and Piping . . . . . 84
Table 4-1 Net Amount of Water to Apply per Irrigation Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Table 6-1 Minimum Number of Sanitary Fixtures Required at Public Pools and
Water Attractions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Table 8-1 Properties of Saturated Steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Table 8-2 Relationship of Mass Flow Rate, Velocity, and Pressure Drop in a 2-inch
Steam Line at 100 psig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Table 8-3 The Warming-up Load from 70°F, Schedule 40 Pipe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Table 8-4 Condensation in Insulated Pipes Carrying Saturated Steam in Quiet Air
at 70°F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Table 8-5 Constants for Determining the Btu Output of a Unit Heater Under
Conditions Other than Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Table 8-6 Specific Gravity and Specific Heats of Various Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Table 9-1 General Composition of Dry Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Table 9-2 Elevation Correction Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Table 9-3 Temperature Correction Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Table 9-4 Standard ASME Receiver Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Table 9-5 Selection of Supply Hose Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Table 9-6 Inlet Air Filter Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Table 9-7 Recommended Air Inlet Pipe Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Table 9-8 Equivalent Pressure Loss Through Valves and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Table 9-9 General Air Requirements for Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Table 9-10 High-pressure Compressed Air Friction Loss Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Table 9-11 Friction Loss for Hose, psi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Table 9-12 Factors for the Sizing of Any Gas, Based on Specific Gravity . . . . . . . . . . 185
Table 10-1 Solar Cost Comparison, Method A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Table 10-2 Solar Cost Comparison, Method B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Table 11-1 Water Fixture Unit Values Assigned to Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Table 11-2 Maximum Probable Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Table 11-3 BFP Flow Rate, Drain Size Flowing Full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Table 11-4 Soil Bearing Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Table 11-5 Pressure Exerted at Joints by Flowing Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Table 11-6 Typical Fire Protection Flow Rate Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Table 11-7 Sewer Size Based on Velocity and Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Table 11-7(M) Sewer Size Based on Velocity and Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Table 11-8 Manhole Spacing and Location of Pipe Sewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Table 11-9 Capacity of Sump and Ejector Basins, gallons per foot depth . . . . . . . . . . 237
Table 11-10 Approximate Buoyant Force of Empty Tanks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Table 11-11 Imperviousness Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
xviii ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook—Volume 3
Table 11-12 n Value for Pipe Used in the Manning Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Table 11-13 Typical Cross Sections for Ditches—Depths of 10 ft and Less . . . . . . . . 242
Table 11-14 n Values for Ditches Used in the Manning Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Table 11-15 Design Velocity of Water in Ditches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Table 11-16 Gas Pipe Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Table 11-17 Sizing NG Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Table 11-18 Test Duration for Plastic Gas Mains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Table 12-1 General Composition of Dry Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Table 12-2 Elevation Correction Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Table 12-3 Temperature Correction Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Table 12-4 Flammability Limits and Specific Gravity for Common Gases . . . . . . . . . 267
Table 12-5 Sizing for Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Table 12-6 Factors for the Sizing of Any Gas, Based on Specific Gravity . . . . . . . . . . 269
Table 12-7 Typical Laboratory Branch Sizing Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Table 12-8 Recommended Air Compressor Inlet Pipe Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276