Plasticity and Morphology of the Central Nervous System PDF
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Plasticity and Morphology of the Central Nervous System Plasticity and Morphology of the Central Nervous System Edited by C.L. Cazzullo, E. Sacchetti, G. Conte, G. Invernizzi andA. Vita Istituto di Clinica Psichiatrica Universita degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy . •• ~ KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON Distributors for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358, USA for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Centre, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Plasticity and morphology of the central nervous system. 1. Man. Central nervous system. Physiology I. Cazzullo, C.L. (Cairo Lorenzo) 612'.82 ISBN-13:978-94-0l0-6870-3 e-ISBN-13:978-94-009-0851-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-0851-2 Copyright © 1990 by Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from the publishers, Kluwer Academic Publishers BV, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Published in the United Kingdom by Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 55, Lancaster, UK. Kluwer Academic Publishers BV incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Lasertypeset by Martin Lister Publishing Services, Carnforth, Lanes. Contents Preface viii List of Contributors ix SECTION 1: SCHIZOPHRENIA: THE IMPACf OF NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES 1. Structural and developmental abnormalities in schizophrenia assessed with MRI N.C. Andreasen, I.e. Ehrhardt, v.w. Swayze II, w.T.e. Yuh, N. Blakley and S. Ziebell 3 2. Brain morphology in schizophrenia by magnetic resonance imaging A. Ross~ P. Stratta, V. Di Michele, M Gallucc~ A. Splendian~ R. Passariello and M Casacchia 13 3. Brain density patterns in schizophrenia e. A. Vita, Sina, E. Sacchem G. Valvassori, A. Calzeron~ G.M. Giobbio, G. Invernizz~ V. Bernasconi and C.L. Cazzullo 21 4. Lateral ventricular size and clinical features in schizophrenia C. Maggin~ M Guazzell~ S. Starnin~ M Ardito, L. Ros~ F. Busoni and E. Camerini 33 5. Hippocampal metabolic function in schizophrenia CA. Tamminga, K Lyons, S.K Kuo and G.K Thaker 43 SECTION 2: AFFECTIVE DISORDERS: THE IMPACf OF NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES cr 6. and MRI findings in affective disorders: clinical and research implications HA. Nasrallah, lA. Coffman and S.e. Olson 53 7. Neuromorphological correlates of mood disorders: focus on cerebral ventricular enlargement E. Sacchem A. Vzta, A. Calzeron~ G. Conte, F. Pollastro, A. Te1Z~ G. Valvassori, G. Invernizzi and e.L. Cazzullo 63 8. Brain imaging with positron emission tomography in affective illness e. MS. Buschsbaum and I. Wu 73 v 9. The impact of starvation on brain morphology and function in eating disorders W. Schreiber, C. Laver, KM PUke, HM Emrich, G. Leinsinger, EA. Moser and 1. C. Krieg 83 SECTION 3: THE IMPACf OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN PSYCHIATRY 10. Neurometric sub typing of depressive disorders L.S. Prichep, E.R. John, T. Essig-Peppard and K Alper 95 11. Lateralization patterns of verbal stimuli processing in schizophrenia patients S. Galderis~ A. Mucc~ M Maj and D. Kemali 109 12. EEG patterns in schizophrenia: a familial study C. Colombo, O. Gambin~ F. Macciard~ M Locatell~ G. Calabrese and S. Scarone 117 13. Some aspects of psychophysiological studies in psychiatry 1. Saarma, G. Morozow and N. Zharikov 125 SECTION 4: THE IMPACf OF GENETIC STUDIES IN PSYCHIATRY 14. Genetic marker studies in schizophrenia L.E. DeLisi 133 15. Amish study of genetics of affective disorders JA. Egeland 147 16. Affective disorders segregation structures according to clinical and pharmacological features E. Smerald~ M. Gasperini, F. Macciard~ A. Orsin~ M. Provenza, G. Sciuto and C. Bussoleni 159 17. Psychiatric disorders in families of phenylketonuric patients E. Smerald~ F. Macciard~ M. Lepora~ O. Gambin~ A. Orsini, C. Fara, R. Valsasina and E. Riva 169 SECTION 5: PLASTICITY AND VULNERABILITY OF THE CNS IN PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 18. Neuronal plasticity in the central nervous system: a pharmacological approach A. Consolazione 177 vi 19. A neurodevelopmental perspective on some epiphenomena of schizophrenia RM. Murray, MJ. Owen, R Goodman and S. W. Lewis 185 20. Clinical investigations of plasma homovanillic acid concentrations M. Davidson, R Kaminsky, S. laft, N. Runyon and KL. Davis 203 21. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and psychoses A. Bocchetta, M. Del Zompo and G. U. Corsini 211 22. Early separation events and noradrenergic status during major depression G. Conte, A. Ca1zeron~ A. Pennati, A Terzi, A. Vua and E. Sacchetti 221 23. Vulnerability and plasticity of monoamine neurotransmitter systems in affective and personality disorders LJ. Siever, E.F. Coccaro, M. Davidson, L. Howard, L. Harter and KL. Davis 231 24. Concluding remarks: plasticity and morphology of the central nervous system in schizophrenia and affective disorders C.L. Cazzullo 251 vii Preface In the last few years ways of thinking in psychiatry have undergone considerable change thanks to advances in the fields of morphology and plasticity of the CNS, particularly with regard to schizophrenic and mood disorders. In addition, the rapid and considerable development of neuroimaging techniques (CT, MRI, PET and computerized EEG) and of molecular genetics (through DNA recombinant meth odologies) have widened the approach to these disorders in a way unimagined a few years ago. These advances and the new etiopathogenetic hypotheses that have sprung from them were the central theme of the Second International Meeting on Schizophre nia "Morphology and Plasticity of the Central Nervous System - A Challenge for Psychiatry of the Nineties" which was organized by the Association for Research on Schizophrenia (ARS), the Schizophrenia Research Center of the Institute of Psychiatry of the University of Milan and the T. and F. Legrenzi Foundation, held in Milan on October 22-24, 1987. This book contains the contributions from participants of the meeting, which took place in a warm and friendly atmosphere and marked by lively and exhaustive discussions on the various papers. The contributions were recently revised for the present publication. We would like to express our appreciation to the book's contributors for the high quality of their reports. The Editors viii List of Contributors N.C. ANDREASEN M.DAVIDSON The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Department of Psychiatry Psychiatric Hospital Bronx VA Medical Center 500 Newton Road 130 W. Kingsbridge Road Iowa City, IA 52242 Bronx, NY 10468 USA USA A. BOCCHETTA L.E. DE L1SI Department of Neurosciences Department of Psychiatry Clinical Pharmacology School of Medicine University of Cagliari Health Sciences Center Cagliari SUNY at Stony Brook Italy NY 11794 USA M.S. BUCHSBAUM Department of Psychiatry and Human J.A. EGELAND Behavior Amish Study California College of Medicine North Research Division University of California, Irvine 49 Sylvania Road Irvine, CA 92717 Hershey, PA 17033 USA USA C.L. CAZZULLO S. GALDERISI Department of Psychiatry Department of Medical Psychology and University of Milan Psychiatry School of Medicine First Medical School via F. Sforza, 35 University of Naples 20122 Milan Naples Italy Italy C.COLOMBO C.MAGGINI Department of Psychiatry Head, 3rd Psychiatry Clinic University of Milan University of Bologna School of Medicine Bologna via F. Sforza, 35 Italy 20122 Milan Italy R.M.MURRAY University of London A. CONSOLAZIONE Institute of Psychiatry FiOlA Research Laboratories De Crespigny Park Abano Terme, PO Denmark Hill Italy London SE5 8AF UK G.CONTE Department of Psychiatry University of Milan School of Medicine via F. Sforza, 35 20122 Milan Italy ix H.A. NASRALLAH W. SCHREIBER The Ohio State University Maz-Planck Institute for Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry Kraepelinstrasse 10 Room 071, Upham Hall 8000 Munich 40 473 West 12th Avenue Federal Republic of Germany CoIumbuus, OH 43210-1288 USA LSIEVER Bronx VA Medical Center LS.PRICHEP 130 W. Knightsbridge Road Brain Research laboratories Bronx, NY 10468 New York University Medical Center USA New York, NY 10016 USA E.SMERALDI Department of Psychiatry A.ROSSI Head, 3rc! Psychiatry Clinic Department of Internal Medicine University of Milan Chair of Clinical Psychiatry Milan University of L'Aquila Italy L'Aquila Italy C.A. TAMMINGA Maryland Psychiatric Research Center Y.M.SAARMA PO Box 21247 Director of the Institute Baltimore, MD 21228 Academician of the USSR USA Academy of Medical Sciences 1199034 Moscow A. VITA USSR Department of Psychiatry University of Milan E. SACCHETTI School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry via F. Sforza, 35 S. Paolo Hospital 20122 Milan via Di Rudini' 8 Italy 20142 Milan Italy x SECTION 1: SCHIZOPHRENIA: THE IMPACT OF NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES
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