Plant Transcription Factors: Contribution in Development, Metabolism, and Environmental Stress

478 Pages·2022·8.874 MB·English

by  Vikas Srivastava, Sonal Mishra, Shakti Mehrotra, Santosh Kumar Upadhyay

Plant Transcription Factors
Contribution in Development,
Metabolism, and Environmental Stress
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Plant Transcription Factors
Contribution in Development,
Metabolism, and Environmental Stress
Edited by
Vikas Srivastava
Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu,
Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
Sonal Mishra
Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu,
Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
Shakti Mehrotra
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh (UT), India
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Contents
List ofcontributors............................................................................................................................xvii
Aboutthe editors..............................................................................................................................xxiii
Preface...............................................................................................................................................xxv
Section I Plant transcription factors (TFs) and general aspects
CHAPTER 1 Plant transcription factors: an overview of their role in
plant life................................................................................................3
Aksar AliChowdhary, SonalMishra, ShaktiMehrotra,
Santosh Kumar Upadhyay, Diksha Bagaland VikasSrivastava
1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................3
1.2 Transcriptionfactors andplantlife............................................................................4
1.3 Transcriptionfactors andstress responses.................................................................6
1.4 Transcriptionfactors andsecondary metabolism......................................................9
1.5 Conclusion................................................................................................................10
References.................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 2 Adaptation of millets to arid land: a special perspective
of transcription factors.......................................................................21
Alka Bishnoi,Pooja Jangir and Praveen Soni
Highlights..................................................................................................................21
Abbreviations............................................................................................................21
2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................22
2.2 Distributionof arid land inIndia and world...........................................................23
2.3 Millets: climate-smart nutri-cereals.........................................................................24
2.4 Stress as alimitingfactor for crops inthe aridzones.............................................27
2.5 Responsesof millets toabioticstresses...................................................................28
2.6 Transcriptionfactors: smart regulators of stress tolerance inmillets.....................29
2.6.1 WRKY..........................................................................................................30
2.6.2 DOF..............................................................................................................31
2.6.3 ERF/DREB...................................................................................................40
2.6.4 NAC.............................................................................................................41
2.6.5 bHLH............................................................................................................41
2.6.6 ASR..............................................................................................................42
2.6.7 bZIP..............................................................................................................42
2.6.8 MYB.............................................................................................................42
2.6.9 SBPs.............................................................................................................43
v
vi Contents
2.6.10 Other transcription factors...........................................................................43
2.7 Harnessing the potential ofmillet transcriptionfactors..........................................43
2.8 Conclusion and future perspectives.........................................................................46
Acknowledgments....................................................................................................47
Declaration of competinginterests..........................................................................47
Author contribution..................................................................................................47
References.................................................................................................................47
Section II Plant TFs and development..................................................
61
CHAPTER 3 Plant transcription factors and root development.............................63
Rekha Chouhan, Abhilek KumarNautiyal,
Nancy SharmaandSumit G.Gandhi
3.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................63
3.2 Plant root architecture and development.................................................................64
3.3 Transcription factors involved inplant root development......................................64
3.3.1 Rootapical meristem.....................................................................................64
3.3.2 Lateral roots...................................................................................................67
3.3.3 Roothair.........................................................................................................69
3.4 Conclusion................................................................................................................71
Acknowledgments....................................................................................................72
References.................................................................................................................72
CHAPTER 4 The roles of transcription factors in the development of
plant meristems ..................................................................................77
Qingkun Dong and Cui Zhang
4.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................77
4.2 Shoot apical meristem..............................................................................................77
4.3 Axillary meristem.....................................................................................................79
4.4 Flower meristem.......................................................................................................82
4.5 Intercalary meristem.................................................................................................84
4.6 Conclusion and future perspectives.........................................................................84
Acknowledgments....................................................................................................88
Author contributions.................................................................................................88
References.................................................................................................................88
CHAPTER 5 Transcription factors and their role in leaf senescence..................93
JeremyDkharandAsosiiPaul
5.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................93
Contents vii
5.2 Identification of transcription factor familiesinsenescing leaf
transcriptome............................................................................................................94
5.3 Characterization ofleaf senescencerelatedTFs families.......................................98
5.3.1 No apical meristem(NAM),ATAF1/2, CUP-shaped
cotyledon 2 (CUC2) (NAC) TF...................................................................98
5.3.2 WRKYTF..................................................................................................104
5.3.3 APETALA2/Ethylene-responsive element binding protein
(AP2/EREBP)superfamily........................................................................107
5.3.4 Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs..........................................................108
5.3.5 MYB TFs...................................................................................................110
5.3.6 Auxin response factor andAuxin/INDOLE-3-acetic acidTFs.................110
5.3.7 DNA binding-with-one-finger (DOF) proteins.........................................112
5.3.8 PSEUDO-response regulators TF..............................................................113
5.3.9 VQ TF family.............................................................................................113
5.3.10 Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TFs................................................................113
5.3.11 Homodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) TFs.............................................114
5.3.12 Plant A/T-rich sequence and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) TF.............115
5.3.13 Growth-regulating factors(GRFS) and GRF-interacting
factors (GIFS)............................................................................................115
5.3.14 Teosinte branched 1, Cycloidea, andproliferating cell nuclear
antigen binding factor (TCP)TFS.............................................................116
5.3.15 Homeobox (HB) TFs.................................................................................116
5.3.16 C3H (Zn) TFs.............................................................................................117
5.3.17 GRAS TFs..................................................................................................118
5.3.18 CCAAT box-binding TFs..........................................................................119
5.3.19 Heatshock factor TFs................................................................................119
5.3.20 MADSTFs.................................................................................................119
5.3.21 GOLDEN 2,ARR-B, PSR 1 (GARP) family TFs....................................120
5.3.22 TRIHELIX TFs..........................................................................................120
5.3.23 Arabidopsis response regulatorTFs..........................................................121
5.3.24 Lateral organ boundaries/asymmetric leaves 2.........................................122
5.3.25 Earlyflowering 3 (ELF3) TF....................................................................122
5.3.26 Ethylene insensitive3 (EIN3)-like (EIL) TFS..........................................122
5.3.27 Brinsensitive 1 (BRI1)-EMS-Suppressor1 (BES1)TF.............................123
5.3.28 Calmodulin-bindingtranscriptionactivator...............................................123
5.3.29 TIFY TFs....................................................................................................124
5.3.30 B-box zinc finger TFs................................................................................124
5.4 Conclusion..............................................................................................................125
Acknowledgments..................................................................................................125
References...............................................................................................................126
viii Contents
CHAPTER 6 Plant transcription factors in light-regulated development
and UV-B protection..........................................................................139
Deeksha Singh, NevedhaRavindran, NikhilJob,
Puthan ValappilRahul, Lavanya Bhagavatula and Sourav Datta
6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................139
6.1.1 Transcriptionfactorsfamilies involved in light-regulated processes.........140
6.1.2 Transcriptionfactorsassociated withvisible light-mediated
development inplants..................................................................................143
6.1.3 Transcriptional regulationofUV-B signaling inplants.............................145
6.1.4 Structuraland functional evolution of light-responsive plant
transcription factors.....................................................................................146
6.1.5 Role of light-regulated transcription factorsinothersignaling
pathways.......................................................................................................148
6.2 Conclusion..............................................................................................................149
References...............................................................................................................149
CHAPTER 7 Tomato fruit development through the perspective of
transcription factors.........................................................................159
VigyasaSingh, Dharitree Phukanand UjjalJyotiPhukan
7.1 Introduction............................................................................................................159
7.2 Transcription factors intomato..............................................................................160
7.3 MYB transcription factors.....................................................................................161
7.4 MADStranscription factor.....................................................................................163
7.5 Other transcriptionfactors.....................................................................................165
7.6 Conclusion and future perspectives.......................................................................166
Acknowledgment....................................................................................................167
Conflict ofinterest..................................................................................................167
References...............................................................................................................167
CHAPTER 8 Plant transcription factors and nodule development......................175
JawaharSingh and Praveen Kumar Verma
8.1 Introduction............................................................................................................175
8.2 CCaMK/CYCLOPS complex.................................................................................177
8.3 AP2-ERF transcription factor (ERN1 and ERN2)................................................179
8.4 GRAS transcriptionfactor.....................................................................................180
8.4.1 Nodulation signaling pathway1/2 (NSP1 and NSP2)................................180
8.5 SymSCL1...............................................................................................................181
8.6 NIN andNIN-likeproteins....................................................................................181
8.7 Structure of NIN and NLPs...................................................................................181
Contents ix
8.8 Regulationof NIN for rhizobial infectioninthe epidermis by CYCLOPS.........182
8.9 Regulationof NIN by cytokinin-responseelements for cell
divisions inthe pericycle.......................................................................................182
8.10 NIN: amasterregulatorof nodulation..................................................................183
8.11 NIN asa negativeregulatorin systemic control ofnodulation............................183
8.12 NIN as apositiveregulatorin systemic control ofnodulation.............................184
8.12.1 Lob-domain protein16...............................................................................185
8.12.2 Nodulation pectatelyase1.........................................................................185
8.13 Rhizobium-directed polargrowth..........................................................................186
8.14 Nuclear factor Y.....................................................................................................186
8.14.1 Short internodes/stylish..............................................................................187
8.15 Conclusion andfuture perspectives.......................................................................188
Acknowledgments..................................................................................................189
Declaration ofcompeting interest..........................................................................189
Contribution............................................................................................................189
References...............................................................................................................189
Section III Plant TFs and metabolism..................................................
197
CHAPTER 9 The regulatory aspects of plant transcription factors in
alkaloids biosynthesis and pathway modulation.............................199
Pravin Prakash, RiturajKumar and VikrantGupta
Abbreviations..........................................................................................................199
9.1 Introduction............................................................................................................199
9.2 Plant transcription factor familiesinvolved inalkaloid biosynthesis
regulation................................................................................................................201
9.2.1 APETALA2/ethylene response factor.........................................................201
9.2.2 Basic helix-loop-helix..................................................................................205
9.2.3 Basic leucine zipper.....................................................................................206
9.2.4 Cys /His -type (transcriptionfactor IIIA-type) zinc-finger
2 2
protein family/Zinc-finger Catharanthusprotein (ZCT) family.................207
9.2.5 Myeloblastosis..............................................................................................207
9.2.6 WRKY..........................................................................................................208
9.2.7 Other transcription factors...........................................................................209
9.3 Transcriptionfactor-mediatedmodulationofalkaloidbiosynthesispathways...........209
9.3.1 Overexpression.............................................................................................209
9.3.2 Downregulation............................................................................................210
9.3.3 CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing.......................................................211
9.4 Conclusions............................................................................................................212
References...............................................................................................................212