Planetary Cartography and GIS

371 Pages·2019·15.97 MB·English

by  Henrik Hargitai

Lecture Notes
in Geoinformation and Cartography
Henrik Hargitai    Editor
Planetary
Cartography
and GIS
Lecture Notes in Geoinformation
and Cartography
Series editors
William Cartwright, Melbourne, Australia
Georg Gartner, Wien, Austria
Liqiu Meng, München, Germany
Michael P. Peterson, Omaha, USA
TheLectureNotesinGeoinformationandCartographyseriesprovidesacontempo-
raryviewofcurrentresearchanddevelopmentinGeoinformationandCartography,
including GIS and Geographic Information Science. Publications with associated
electronic media examine areas of development and current technology. Editors
from multiple continents, in association with national and international organiza-
tionsandsocietiesbringtogetherthemostcomprehensiveforumforGeoinformation
andCartography.
ThescopeofLectureNotesinGeoinformationandCartographyspanstherange
ofinterdisciplinarytopicsinavarietyofresearchandapplicationfields.Thetypeof
material published traditionally includes:
(cid:129) proceedings that are peer-reviewed and published in association with a
conference;
(cid:129) post-proceedings consisting of thoroughly revised final papers; and
(cid:129) research monographs that may be based on individual research projects.
TheLectureNotesinGeoinformationandCartographyseriesalsoincludesvarious
other publications, including:
(cid:129) tutorials or collections of lectures for advanced courses;
(cid:129) contemporary surveys that offer an objective summary of a current topic of
interest; and
(cid:129) emerging areas of research directed at a broad community of practitioners.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7418
Henrik Hargitai
Editor
Planetary Cartography
and GIS
123
Editor
Henrik Hargitai
NASA AmesResearch Center/NPP
Moffett Field,CA,USA
EötvösLorándUniversity
Budapest, Hungary
ISSN 1863-2246 ISSN 1863-2351 (electronic)
Lecture Notesin Geoinformation andCartography
ISBN978-3-319-62848-6 ISBN978-3-319-62849-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62849-3
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018965443
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom
therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor
for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to
jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Preface
This book is created for students, planetary scientists, and cartographers who are
involved in one way or another in making maps of planetary bodies. Planetary
mapping involves expensive and complex infrastructure, from building and
remotelyoperatingcamerastospacecraftplatformsthatcarrythem,andtotheDeep
SpaceNetworkthatreceivestheirsignals.Inacomplexprocess,imageanddifferent
rawdata aretransformedintocalibrateddatathatcanbereadbyscientificsoftware
including GIS and remote-sensing applications. The actual production of a partic-
ular planetary map, for example, a geologic map, may take months to years of
intensive work. This book is written for those whose academic or commer-
cial projects involve working with planetary spatial data. These include university
students studying Earth and Planetary Sciences or Cartography; early career sci-
entistswhostudythesurfacesofplanetsandmoons;professionalcartographersand
GIS experts who wish to add an extraterrestrial perspective to their cartographic
portfolio; and graphic artists who wish to visualize other worlds.
However,thisisnotaconventionaltextbook.Eachofthechaptersiswrittenby
anexpertinthatparticularfield,givingareviewofbothconceptualbackgroundand
practical details on how to create good and usable planetary maps.
We begin with the basics: the role of planetary cartography, its history and
development, the planetary toponyms, and the fundamental geophysical frame-
worksthatprovidethebackboneoftheplanetaryspatialinfrastructure.Wecontinue
with thematic mapping chapters, giving details on geologic and topographic
mapping,landingsiteselection,andaplanetaryspecialty:irregularbodies.Thenext
chapters deal with different cartographic approaches: mapping by teams, map
design, Atlas making, and maps for human and automatic surface operations.
Various mapping methods are presented afterwards: feature databases, grid map-
ping, analysis of distribution and topographic roughness, maps that visualize
extraterrestrial 3D circulation models. The next chapter looks into the future, the
finalfrontier,preparingforthemappingofexoplanets.Thebookendswitharoster
of many currently active facilities working in the field of planetary cartography
internationally.
v
vi Preface
I am very grateful for the continued support of Trent Hare and Andrea Naß
throughouttheeditorialworksofthisprojectthatstartedin2015atNASAAmesin
MoffettField.Authorscontributedtothisbookinternationally,fromCanada, China,
the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Russia, Sweden, the UK,
andtheUSA,reflectingtheincreasinglyinternationalactivitiesinplanetarymapping
where many of the authors work together with the future generation of planetary
mappers.
This book is dedicated to the memory of Kira Shingareva who was my mentor
when I created my first map of Mars.
Moffett Field, USA/Budapest, Hungary Henrik Hargitai
Contents
Part I The Basics
Cartography: Its Role and Interdisciplinary Character
in Planetary Science. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Andrea Naß, Henrik Hargitai and Manfred Buchroithner
Planetary Mapping: A Historical Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Henrik Hargitai and Andrea Naß
Planetary Nomenclature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Marc Hunter, Rose Hayward and Trent Hare
Fundamental Frameworks in Planetary Mapping: A Review. . . . . . . . . 75
Henrik Hargitai, Konrad Willner and Trent Hare
Part II Specialized Planetary Mapping
Planetary Geologic Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Ernst Hauber, Andrea Naß, James A. Skinner and Alexandra Huff
Methods in Planetary Topographic Mapping: A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Henrik Hargitai, Konrad Willner and Manfred Buchroithner
Planetary Mapping for Landing Sites Selection:
The Mars Case Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Maurizio Pajola, Sandro Rossato, Emanuele Baratti and Alexandre Kling
Mapping Irregular Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Philip Stooke and Maurizio Pajola
Part III Cartographic Approaches
Multi-mapper Projects: Collaborative Mercury Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Valentina Galluzzi
vii
viii Contents
Planetary Map Design: The Chang’E-1 Topographic Atlas
of the Moon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Lingli Mu, Jianjun Liu and Longfei Liu
Atlas Planetary Mapping: Phobos Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
I. P. Karachevtseva, A. A. Kokhanov and Zh. Rodionova
The Role of Maps During Long-Term Analog Planetary
Missions and Future Mars Missions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Anna Losiak, Izabela Gołębiowska, Nina Sejkora and Gernot Groemer
Cartography of the Soviet Lunokhods’ Routes on the Moon . . . . . . . . . 263
I. P. Karachevtseva, A. A. Kokhanov, N. A. Kozlova
and Zh. F. Rodionova
Part IV Mapping Methods
Feature Databases in Planetary Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Stuart J. Robbins
Databases and Metadatabases in Planetary
Geology—The Mars Crater Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Nadine G. Barlow
Grid-Mapping: Quantifying the Distribution of Landforms. . . . . . . . . . 293
Martin Voelker and Jason D. Ramsdale
Distribution Pattern Analysis in Planetary Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Petr Brož and Mátyás Gede
Topographic Roughness as Interquartile Range of the Second
Derivatives: Calculation and Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
A. A. Kokhanov, I. P. Karachevtseva and Anastasia Zharkova
Venus Topography and Boundary Conditions in 3D General
Circulation Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Michael J. Way and June Wang
Exoplanet Terra Incognita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Svetlana V. Berdyugina, Jeff R. Kuhn, Ruslan Belikov
and Slava G. Turyshev
Part V The Community
Participants and Initiatives in Planetary Cartography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Andrea Naß and Henrik Hargitai
Part I
The Basics