Table Of ContentSPRINGER BRIEFS IN GEOGRAPHY
Zhenpei Li
Lehao Yang
Pipeline Real-time
Data Integration and
Pipeline Network
Virtual Reality System
Digital Oil & Gas
Pipeline: Research and
Practice
123
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(cid:129)
Zhenpei Li Lehao Yang
Pipeline Real-time Data
Integration and Pipeline
Network Virtual Reality
System
Digital Oil & Gas Pipeline: Research
and Practice
ZhenpeiLi LehaoYang
DepartmentofSurveying&Mapping DepartmentofSurveying&Mapping
Engineering Engineering
SouthwestPetroleumUniversity SouthwestPetroleumUniversity
Chengdu,Sichuan,China Chengdu,Sichuan,China
ISSN2211-4165 ISSN2211-4173 (electronic)
SpringerBriefsinGeography
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Preface
Atpresent,theconstructionoflong-distanceoilandgaspipelineshasshownatrend
towardslarge-scale,systematic,andnetworkeddevelopments.Withthecontinuous
expansion of the pipeline construction scale, the traditional pipeline construction
management concepts, means, and methods are increasingly unable to meet the
needsoftoday’spipelineconstructionandoperationmanagement.
TheideaofDigitalPipelinederivedfromtheconceptofDigitalEarth.According
to the definition of Digital Earth, Digital Pipeline can be defined as “a virtual
representation of the pipeline that can collect natural and human information of
thepipeline,andenablepeopletoexploreandinteractwithit.”ThegoalofDigital
Pipelineconstruction is to adopt modern, scientific, and digital management of the
pipeline design, construction, and operation, with high-tech means throughout the
life cycle of the pipeline. The introduction to the concept of the Digital Pipeline
provides new means, methods, and ideas for the construction and management of
long-distanceoilandgaspipelines.
Withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationandnetworktechnology,theauthors
believethatdistributedapplicationsorientedtothenetworkwillbeoneofthemain
featuresofthedigitalpipelineapplicationsandthatthenetworkdigitalpipelinewill
bethedevelopmentdirectionofdigitalpipelineconstruction.Basedonthispointof
view,combinedwiththeproblemsexistinginthecurrentdigitalpipelineconstruc-
tion,theauthorsproposetheconceptof“Web-baseddigitalpipeline.”Itfocuseson
the operation management of the pipeline. Its core idea is to combine computer
network, WebGIS (Web Geographic Information System), GIS Web Services,
pipeline SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), OPC (OLE for
Process Control), network virtualreality, andother advanced systems and technol-
ogiesinordertorealizeweb-basedrelease,query,andmanagementandanalysisof
pipelineinformation.Web-baseddigitalpipelinewillalsorealizeremote,multi-level
distributed monitoring, web-based 3D visualization, and virtual reality representa-
tionofpipelines.
According to the construction objectives of Web-based digital pipeline, the
authors have carried out research on the implementation and application of its
v
vi Preface
system.Theresearchandapplicationresultsaredescribedinthe“DigitalOilandGas
Pipeline:ResearchandPractice”bookseries.Asthesecondbookofthisseries,this
bookdiscussesthefollowing:
1. Thepipelinereal-timedata,pipelineSCADAsystem,andOPCtechnology
This book explains the concept of pipeline real-time data and describes its
significance on pipeline operation management. The internal demands of pipeline
enterprises for the constructionof theManagement-ControlIntegration System are
alsoexplainedandfollowthearchitectureandfunctionsofpipelineSCADAaswell
asthefunctions,technicalprinciple,andarchitectureofOPC.TheOPCdataaccess
specification, its corresponding objects and interfaces, and its three ways of data
accessarealsodescribed.
2. ResearchonintegrationofthepipelineSCADAsystemandpipelineGIS
Based on the analysis and comparison of the main methods of the current
SCADA system and GIS integration, an OPC-based pipeline SCADA system and
GIS integration method are proposed. A data access component is developed with
OPCinterfacestoimplementthereal-timedataaccessingtotheSCADAsystemand
thereal-timedatatransfertoPSDM(PipelineSpatialDataModel).Inthisway,the
SCADAsystemprovidesreal-timedataofthepipelinetotheGISsystemthroughthe
OPC-baseddataaccesscomponent.TheGISsystemcanalsosendinstructionstothe
SCADA system through the data access component. The historical data of the
SCADA system is obtained by accessing the historical database of the SCADA
systemthroughODBC(OpenDatabaseConnectivity).Thus,thereal-timemonitor-
ing of pipelines based on GIS can be realized. Moreover, combined with the real-
timedataandhistoricaldataofthepipelineSCADAsystem,relyingonthepowerful
spatial analysis capability of the GIS, the pipeline operation conditions online or
offline analysis or simulation can be performed to provide diversified decision-
makingsupportforefficientpipelinemanagement.
3. Researchontheimplementationofthepipelinenetworkvirtualrealitysystem
The pipeline network virtual reality system is an important part of the digital
pipeline construction. Its main purpose is to build a network-based and interactive
3D dynamic virtual pipeline to realize network 3D visualization and virtual reality
representation of the pipelines. The main research contents include large-scene
roamingofpipelines,virtualfacilitymodeling,and3Dvisualmonitoring.Research
isconductedon3Dterrainmodeling,terrainmodeltexturemapping,networkvirtual
realitygeographicinformationsystemconstructionschemes,methodsforimproving
performanceandspeedoflarge-scene3Dterrainbrowsinginnetworkenvironment,
interaction between virtual scenes and external programs, pipeline 3D visual mon-
itoring through interaction between virtual facilities and pipeline SCADA system,
etc. Atthesame time, themethodsoftheinteraction between thepipeline network
virtual realitysystem andthepipeline WebGISsystematthe data level andthe UI
levelarealsoinvestigated.
Preface vii
The“DigitalOilandGasPipeline:ResearchandPractice”bookseriesintroduces
theauthors’latestresearchandpracticeonthedigitalpipelineconstruction.Itcovers
thelatestresearchresultsandtechnologiesinWebGIS,GISWebServices,pipeline
SCADA, OPC, X3D (eXtensible 3D), and network virtual reality. The research
includesthecorecontentsofdigitalpipelineconstructionsuchasthepipelinespatial
data model, the pipeline WebGIS implementation method, the pipeline SCADA
systemandGISintegrationmethod,andthepipelinenetworkvirtualrealitysystem
implementation method.Thisbookseries willbeausefulreferencefor researchers
and practitioners engaged in oil and gas storage and transportation, pipeline auto-
mation,geographicinformationsystems,virtualreality,andotheraspects.
Chengdu,Sichuan,China ZhenpeiLi
Chengdu,Sichuan,China LehaoYang
Acknowledgments
TheauthorswouldliketothankEmilyVillanuevaforhercontributiontothisbook.
ix
Contents
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 PipelineReal-TimeDataIntegration. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 PipelineNetworkVirtualRealitySystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 PipelineReal-TimeData,PipelineSCADAandOPC. . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1 OverviewofPipelineReal-TimeDataandPipeline
SCADASystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 OPCSpecificationsandDevelopmentMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.1 TheOPCSpecifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.2 OPCDataAccessSpecificationandItsObjects
andInterfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.3 OPCDataAccessMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3 IntegrationofPipelineSCADAandPipelineWebGISBased
onOPC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1 TheIntegrationApproachesofPipelineSCADA
andPipelineGIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1.1 SignificanceoftheIntegrationofPipelineSCADA
andPipelineGIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1.2 TheExistingSchemesoftheIntegrationofPipeline
SCADAandPipelineGIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.1.3 TheIntegrationofthePipelineSCADAandPipeline
GISontheBasisofOPC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.2 TheImplementationoftheOPCDataAccessComponent
andAccesstotheOPCServer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.3 TheImplementationofReal-TimeDatainthePipeline
SpatialDataModel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
xi
