PIC Basic Projects: 30 Projects using PIC Basic and PIC Basic Pro

378 Pages·2006·6.74 MB·English

by  Dogan Ibrahim

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PIC BASIC Projects
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PIC BASIC Projects
30 Projects Using PIC BASIC and
PIC BASIC PRO
By
Dogan Ibrahim
AMSTERDAM• BOSTON• HEIDELBERG• LONDON• NEWYORK• OXFORD
PARIS• SANDIEGO• SANFRANCISCO• SINGAPORE• SYDNEY• TOKYO
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This eBook does not include ancillary media that was packaged with the
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Contents
Preface ix
1 Microcontroller systems 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Microcontroller systems 2
1.2.1 RAM 5
1.2.2 ROM 6
1.2.3 EPROM 6
1.2.4 EEPROM 6
1.2.5 Flash EEPROM 6
1.3 Microcontroller features 6
1.3.1 Supply voltage 7
1.3.2 The clock 7
1.3.3 Timers 7
1.3.4 Watchdog 7
1.3.5 Reset input 8
1.3.6 Interrupts 8
1.3.7 Brown-out detector 8
1.3.8 Analogue-to-digital converter 8
1.3.9 Serial I/O 9
1.3.10 EEPROM data memory 9
1.3.11 LCD drivers 9
1.3.12 Analogue comparator 10
1.3.13 Real-time clock 10
1.3.14 Sleep mode 10
1.3.15 Power-on reset 10
1.3.16 Low power operation 10
1.3.17 Current sink/source capability 10
1.4 Microcontroller architectures 11
1.4.1 RISC and CISC 11
1.5 Exercises 11
2 The PIC microcontroller family 13
2.1 12-bit instruction word 15
2.2 14-bit instruction word 17
2.3 16-bit instruction word 21
2.4 Inside a PIC microcontroller 21
2.4.1 Program memory (Flash) 21
2.4.2 Data memory (RAM) 22
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vi Contents
2.4.3 Register file map and special function registers 22
2.4.4 Oscillator circuits 34
2.4.5 Reset circuit 40
2.4.6 Interrupts 41
2.4.7 The configuration word 42
2.4.8 I/O interface 42
2.5 Exercises 47
3 PIC microcontroller project development 49
3.1 Required hardware tools 49
3.1.1 PC 49
3.1.2 PIC microcontroller programmer device 50
3.1.3 Solderless breadboard 52
3.1.4 PIC microcontroller and minimum support components 53
3.1.5 Power supply 58
3.2 Required software tools 60
3.2.1 Text editor 60
3.2.2 PicBasic and PicBasic Pro compilers 65
3.2.3 Programmer device software 67
3.3 Bundled development systems 69
3.4 Experimenter boards 71
3.5 Example project development 73
3.6 Other useful development tools 77
3.6.1 Simulators 77
3.6.2 In Circuit Emulators (ICE) 77
3.7 Exercises 78
3.8 Links to useful web sites 78
4 PicBasic and PicBasic Pro programming 80
4.1 PicBasic language 80
4.1.1 PicBasic variables 80
4.1.2 PicBasic mathematical and logical operations 85
4.1.3 PicBasic program flow control commands 86
4.1.4 Other PicBasic commands 90
4.1.5 Recommended PicBasic program structure 101
4.2 PicBasic Pro language 101
4.2.1 PicBasic Pro variables 102
4.2.2 Constants 103
4.2.3 Comments 103
4.2.4 Multi-statement lines 103
4.2.5 INCLUDE 104
4.2.6 DEFINE 104
4.2.7 Line extension 104
4.2.8 Accessing ports and other registers in PicBasic Pro 104
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Contents vii
4.2.9 Arithmetic operators 105
4.2.10 PicBasic Pro commands 107
4.3 Liquid crystal display (LCD) interface and commands 113
4.3.1 Parallel LCDs 114
4.3.2 Serial LCDs 120
4.4 Interrupts 124
4.5 Recommended PicBasic Pro program structure 125
4.6 Using stepping motors 126
4.7 Using servomotors 128
4.8 Exercises 129
5 PicBasic and PicBasic Pro projects 131
Project 1 – Simple flashing LED 132
Project 2 – Complex flashing LED 138
Project 3 – Flashing LED warning lights 142
Project 4 – Turning on odd numbered LEDs 144
Project 5 – Binary counting LEDs 148
Project 6 – Left scrolling LEDs 152
Project 7 – Right scrolling LEDs 156
Project 8 – Right-left scrolling LEDs 160
Project 9 – LED dice 165
Project 10 – 7-segment LED display counter 172
Project 11 – 7-segment LED dice 182
Project 12 – Dual 7-segment LED display 189
Project 13 – Dual 7-segment LED display counter 198
Project 14 – Dual 7-segment LED event counter 204
Project 15 – 4-digit display with serial driver – counter project 210
Project 16 – 4-digit LED with serial driver – counter project with leading zeroes blanked 227
Project 17 – 4-digit external interrupt-driven event counter 236
Project 18 – 4-digit timer interrupt-driven chronograph 241
Project 19 – Car park control system 248
Project 20 – Seconds counter with LCD display 260
Project 21 – LCD-based clock with hours–minutes–seconds display 271
Project 22 – LCD-based chronometer 280
Project 23 – LCD-based voltmeter using A/D converter 288
Project 24 – LCD-based thermometer using A/D converter 300
Project 25 – Serial LCD-based thermometer with external EEPROM memory 306
Project 26 – Programmable thermometer with RS232 serial output 315
Project 27 – Electronic organ 331
Project 28 – Unipolar stepping motor control 337
Project 29 – Unipolar stepping motor control using UCN5804B 344
Project 30 – Servomotor-based mobile robot control 348
About the CDROM 359
Index 361
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Preface
Microcontrollers are single-chip computers consisting of CPU (central processing unit), data and
program memory, serial and parallel I/O (input/output), timers, external and internal interrupts,
all integrated into a single chip that can be purchased for as little as $2.00. Microcontrollers are
intelligent electronic devices used to control and monitor devices in the real world. Today micro-
controllers are used in most commercial and industrial equipment. About 40% of microcontroller
applications are in office automation, such as PCs, laser printers, fax machines, intelligent tele-
phones, and so forth. About one-third of microcontrollers are found in consumer electronics
goods. Products such as CD players, hi-f- equipment, video games, washing machines and cook-
ers fall into this category. The communications market, automotive market, and the military share
the rest of the application areas.
Microcontrollers are programmed devices. A program is a sequence of instructions that tell the
microcontroller what to do. Microcontrollers have traditionally been programmed using the low-
level assembly language of the target processor. This consists of a series of instructions in the
form of mnemonics. The biggest disadvantage of assembly language is that microcontrollers from
different manufacturers have different assembly languages and the user is forced to learn a new
language every time a new processor is chosen. Assembly language is also difficult to work with,
especially during the development, testing, and maintenance of complex projects. The solution to
this problem has been to use a high-level language to program microcontrollers. A high-level lan-
guage consists of easy to understand, more meaningful series of instructions. This approach makes
the programs more readable and also portable. The same high-level language can usually be used
to program different types of microcontrollers. Testing and the maintenance of microcontroller-based
projects are also easier when high-level languages are used.
This book is about programming microcontrollers using a high-level language. The PIC family of
microcontrollers is chosen as the target microcontroller. PIC is currently one of the most popular
microcontrollers used by many engineers, technicians, students, and hobbyists. PIC microcon-
trollers are manufactured in different sizes and in varying complexity. These microcontrollers
incorporate a RISC (reduced instruction set computer) architecture and there is only a small set
of instructions that the user has to learn. Also, the power consumption of PIC microcontrollers is
very low and this is one of the reasons which make these microcontrollers popular in portable
hand-held applications.
In this book, PicBasic and PicBasic Pro languages are used to program PIC microcontrollers.
BASIC is one of the oldest and widely known high-level programming languages. Both PicBasic
and PicBasic Pro have been developed by MicroEngineering Labs Inc. PicBasic is a low-cost com-
piler and is aimed at the lower end of the market, mainly for students and the hobby market.