Physics of the Atmosphere, Climatology and Environmental Monitoring. Modern Problems of Atmospheric Physics, Climatology and Environmental Monitoring PDF
Preview Physics of the Atmosphere, Climatology and Environmental Monitoring. Modern Problems of Atmospheric Physics, Climatology and Environmental Monitoring
Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences Robert Zakinyan Arthur Zakinyan Editors Physics of the Atmosphere, Climatology and Environmental Monitoring Modern Problems of Atmospheric Physics, Climatology and Environmental Monitoring Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences Series Editors Natalia S. Bezaeva, The Moscow Area, Russia Heloisa Helena Gomes Coe, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz, Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan The series Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences publishes proceedings from scholarly meetings and workshops on all topics related to Environmental and Earth Sciences and related sciences. This series constitutes a comprehensive up-to-date source of reference on a field or subfield of relevance in Earth and Environmental Sciences. In addition to an overall evaluation of the interest, scientific quality, and timeliness of each proposal at the hands of the publisher, individual contributions are all refereed to the high quality standards of leading journals in the field. Thus, this series provides the research community with well-edited, authoritative reports on developments in the most exciting areas of environmental sciences, earth sciences and related fields. · Robert Zakinyan Arthur Zakinyan Editors Physics of the Atmosphere, Climatology and Environmental Monitoring Modern Problems of Atmospheric Physics, Climatology and Environmental Monitoring Editors Robert Zakinyan Arthur Zakinyan Faculty of Physics and Technology Faculty of Physics and Technology North-Caucasus Federal University North-Caucasus Federal University Stavropol, Russia Stavropol, Russia ISSN 2524-342X ISSN 2524-3438 (electronic) Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences ISBN 978-3-031-19011-7 ISBN 978-3-031-19012-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19012-4 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents Results of 65-Years Project of Hail Suppression in Russian Federation ........................................................ 1 Magomet T. Abshaev, Ali M. Abshaev, and Aminat M. Malkarova Lightning Protection and Attack by Ground Lightning in the Territory of the Northern Caucasus ........................... 29 A. Kh. Adzhiev and Z. M. Kerefova Vibrational Regimes in the Atmosphere ............................. 37 I. S. Afanasyev, R. G. Zakinyan, and Yu. L. Smerek Long-Term Variations of Meteorological Parameters According to the Data of High-Altitude Weather Stations of the Central Caucasus ......................................................... 47 A. H. Aliev, N. N. Skorbezh, and A. G. Tlatov Adaptation of Tourist and Recreational Zones of Mountain Territories to Climate Change: Tasks and Methods for Their Solution .......................................................... 55 A. B. Ashabokov The Current State of Convective Cloud Physics and Active Effects and the Main Directions of Its Development .......................... 69 B. A. Ashabokov, L. M. Fedchenko, and V. A. Shapovalov On the Solution of the Problem of Formation and Approval of Target Indicators of Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex .......................................................... 83 M. B. Ashabokova and Kh. M. Temirkhanova Formation of Migration Flows Under Conditions of Global Climate Change ................................................... 97 M. B. Ashabokova v vi Contents The Modern Climate of Pyatigorsk Resort ........................... 107 G. Kh. Badakhova, M. V. Barekova, V. I. Volkova, Yu. L. Smerek, and G. L. Kaplan Applying Recurrent Neural Networks for Short-Term Surface Temperature Forecasts Making ..................................... 123 D. S. Efremenko, A. D. Kuznetsov, and O. S. Serouhova Humidity of the Surface Air Layer as the Main Factor of the Formation of the Basic Climate Forming Elements .............. 131 Ya. A. Ekba, A. K. Akhsalba, and L. V. Khintuba Analysis of the Effect of the Sensitivity Value on the Results of Studies of Rapid Atmospheric Processes in Multifrequency Microwave Radiometric Sounding of the Atmosphere ................. 141 E. V. Fedoseeva, I. N. Rostokin, G. G. Shchukin, and I. Yu. Kholodov The Gabor Filter Application in Satellite Analysis of “Invisible” Orographic Waves ................................................. 149 N. V. Fedoseeva and T. E. Simakina On the Transfer of Heavy Particles by Intense Winds ................. 157 L. Kh. Ingel Precipitation Measurement by Radar and Ground Methods ........... 167 V. S. Inyukhin and K. B. Liev Ground Radar Method for Measuring Precipitation Under Complex Relief Conditions ......................................... 175 V. S. Inyukhin, Yu. V. Suspitsyna, and V. V. Suslov Radar Methods for Determination of Hail Microstructure ............. 185 V. S. Inyukhin and E. A. Cherednik Measuring Precipitation Fields Using Radar and Rain Gaugers ........ 195 V. S. Inyukhin and S. A. Kushchev Sochi Airport Thunderstorm Forecast ............................... 203 I. A. Ivanova, M. V. Khaibullov, O. N. Toptunova, and O. V. Volobueva The Maximum Hail Size Assessment Regression Model by Predictive Fields of Meteorological Parameters .................... 215 A. Kh. Kagermazov and L. T. Sozaeva Snow Cover and Snowstorms Regime on the Stavropol Upland ........ 223 G. L. Kaplan, G. Kh. Badakhova, M. V. Barekova, and Yu. L. Smerek Investigations of the Formation of the Ice Phase on the Particles of the Reagent and Zinc Oxide Taking into Account the Influence of the Electric Field Strength ....................................... 233 B. M. Khuchunaev and S. O. Gekkieva Contents vii Comparison of the Results of Approximation of the Vertical Profiles of the Refractive Index in the Atmosphere Over St. Petersburg and Moscow ............................................ 241 A. D. Kuznetsov, O. S. Seroukhova, S. V. Kryukova, and T. E. Simakina Investigation of the Influence of the Interaction of Convective Clouds With the Surrounding Atmosphere on the Evolution of Their Parameters ............................................... 249 V. N. Lesev, B. A. Ashabokov, L. M. Fedchenko, and V. A. Shapovalov On the Relationship Between Critical Wind Velocity and Wind Direction and the Size Distribution of Dust Microparticles ............. 259 E. A. Malinovskaya and O. G. Chkhetiani Relationship Between Microphysical Characteristics and Turbulence in Winter Clouds ................................... 269 V. V. Petrov, N. V. Bazanin, D. V. Kirin, V. V. Volkov, and A. M. Strunin Case Study of Mesoscale Convective System on August 7, 2021 Over the Center of the European Territory of Russia by Remote Sensing Data ...................................................... 277 A. A. Sprygin and A. E. Vyazilov Modern Climate Changes in the North Caucasus Region .............. 289 A. A. Tashilova, B. A. Ashabokov, L. A. Kesheva, and N. V. Teunova Long-Term and Seasonal Changes in Atmospheric Transparency and Their Impact on Astronomical Observations on the Shatdzhatmaz Plateau ....................................... 299 A. G. Tlatov, D. V. Dormidontov, and R. N. Kirpichev Peculiarities of Climate Change in Central Africa .................... 307 Mamy Magbini Tokpa and V. A. Lobanov Electrical Structure and Dynamics of a Thunderstorm with Hail in the North-West of the Russian Federation by Three-Dimensional Simulation data ................................................... 327 M. L. Toropova, N. E. Veremei, Yu. P. Mikhailosvkii, and A. A. Sin’kevich Measurement of Cloud Water Content from a Research Aircraft ....... 339 V. V. Volkov, V. V. Petrov, and N. O. Krutikov Analytical Solution of a Two-Dimensional Model of Dry Air Convection in a Stratified Atmosphere ............................... 347 Robert G. Zakinyan, Arthur R. Zakinyan, and L. M. Kulgina Statistical Analysis of Thunderstorm and Hail Activity in the Stavropol Territory .......................................... 361 M. V. Zharashuev Results of 65-Years Project of Hail Suppression in Russian Federation Magomet T. Abshaev , Ali M. Abshaev , and Aminat M. Malkarova Abstract The article provides brief information on the history of the development of hail suppression works in the USSR and the Russian Federation, the main provi- sions of the currently used Russian automated rocket technology to prevent hail, the characteristics of a modern anti-hail protection system, including the radar parame- ters of seeding objects (hailstorms), the average annual number of seeding objects, the consumption of rockets and glaciogenic agents for seeding objects of different hail categories, the results of assessing the physical effectiveness of long-term protec- tion against hail, the main problems and prospects for further improvement of rocket technology. · · · · · Keywords Hail Hailstorm Hail suppression Seeding concept Criteria · Physical efficiency Problems and prospects 1 Introduction According to the World Meteorological Organization [1] and the United Nations [2], over the past 50 years, there have been more than 11,000 natural disasters related to weather and climate, which have led to the death of 2 million people and economic losses about 3.6 trillion dollars. Global climate change has resulted in a fivefold increase in disasters and a sevenfold increase in economic losses in these 50 years. In the last 20 years, there has been an increase in the number of weather-related disasters by 1.83 times. The main increase is due to extreme convective storms, B M. T. Abshaev · A. M. Abshaev ( ) Hail Suppression Research Center «Antigrad», Nalchik, Russia e-mail: [email protected] M. T. Abshaev e-mail: [email protected] A. M. Malkarova Department of Scientific Research and Weather Modification of Roshydromet, Moscow, Russia e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 1 R. Zakinyan and A. Zakinyan (eds.), Physics of the Atmosphere, Climatology and Environmental Monitoring, Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19012-4_1
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