Physics: Foundations and Applications

872 Pages·1981·63.274 MB·English

by  Robert M. Eisberg, Lawrence S. Lerner

PHYSICS
volume
II
Foundations and Applications
ROBERT M. EISBERG
LAWRENCE LERNER
S.
nun
T
Selected Physical Quantities
Typical
symbol for
Quantity magnitude SI unit Dimensions
m M
Mass kilogram, kg
m
Length meter, L
1
Time t second, s T
Velocity V m/s LT-1
Acceleration a m/s2 LT~2
Angle e radian, rad dimensionless
</>,
Angular frequency, a> rad/s T-i
angular velocity
Angular acceleration a rad/s2 rJ~'—2
Frequency V hertz, Hz (= s_1 T~1
)
M
Momentum, impulse p, I kg • m/s LT-1
Force F newton, N (= kg m/s2 MLT~2
WPoorwke,renergy PW, E, K, U jwoautlte,,WJ ((==NJ/s•)m) ) MMLL22TT~-23
Angular momentum L kg • m2/s ML2T^
Torque T N m ML2T~2
•
Moment of inertia I kg • m2 ML2
Stress, pressure cr, p pascal, Pa (= N/m2 ML^T-2
)
Elastic moduli Y, B, G Pa ML-'T~2
Compressibility K Pa”1 M-'LT2
Viscocity V Pa s ML-‘T-1
Temperature T kelvin, K dimensionless
Heat H ML2T~2
J
Entropy S J/K ML2T~2
Electric charge q coulomb, C C
Electric flux <t>e N • m2/C ML3t-2c-i
Electric field % N/C (= V/m) MLT-2C-1
Electric potential, emf V volt, V ML2T-2c->
Electric dipole moment p C • m LC
Capacitance c farad, F (= C/V) M~1L~2T2C2
Electric current ampere, A (= C/s) T_1C
i
Current density A/m2 L“2T-1C
Conductance jS siemens, S (= A/V) M_1L_2TC2
Resistance R ohm, Fl (=V/A) ML2T-1C-2
Conductivity S/m M~'L~3TC2
C
Resistivity P O • m ML3T-1C-2
Magnetic field tesla, T MT-'C-1
Magnetic flux weber, Wb =1 m2 ML2T_1C_1
Magnetic dipole moment m A m2 ( • ) L2T~'C
Magnetic pole strength A m LT_1C
Magnetic permeability P T m/A MLC~2
•
Magnetization M A/m L-’T-'C
Inductance L henry. H (= V s/A) ML2C-2
•
WILLIAM INGHAM
H.
Selected Non-SI Units and Conversion Factors
1 degree of arc (°) = 360 rad = \ rad = 0.0175 rad
1 minute of arc (') = 2.91 x 10~4 rad
1 second of arc ("} = 4.85 x 10~6 rad
1 day (d) = 86 400 s
1 year (yr) = 3.156 x 107 s
1 Angstrom unit (A) = 0.1 nm = 10~10 m
1 inch (in) = 2.54 cm
1 foot (ft) = 0.3048 m
1 mile (mi) = 1.61 km
1 light year (ly) = 9.46 x 1015 m
1 liter (1) = 10-3 m3
1 cm3 = 10-6 m3
1 atomic mass unit (u) = 1.661 x 10-27 kg
1 slug = 14.59 kg
1 mole (mol) = 10^3 kmol
1 dyne (dyn) = 10~5 N
1 pound weight (lb) = 4.45 N
1 bar = 105 Pa
1 atmosphere (atm) = 1.013 x 105 Pa
1 mm of mercury (Torr) = 133.3 Pa
1 lb/in2 = 6.90 x 103 Pa
1 electron volt (eV) = 1.60 x 10-19
|
1 erg = 10-7
)
1 kcal = 4186
J
1 cal = 10-3 kcal = 4.186 J
1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 3.6 x 106 J
1 foot-pound (ft • lb) = 1.356 J
1 British thermal unit (BTWU) = 1055 J = 0.252 kcal
1 horsepower (hp) = 746
1 gauss (G) = 10~4 T
Useful Physical Data
Quantity Value
Gravitational acceleration, ground level value 9.80 m/s2
in United States
Mass of earth 5.99 x 1024 kg
Mass of moon 7.36 x 1022 kg
Mass of sun 1.99 x 103° kg
m
Average radius of earth 6.367 X 106
m
Average earth-moon distance 3.84 x 108
Average earth-sun distance 149.6 x 109 m = 1 AU
Triple point temperature of water 273.16 K = 0.01°C
Absolute zero of temperature —273.15°C

PHYSICS
Foundations and Applications
volume
II

PHYSICS
Foundations and Applications
volume
II
ROBERT M. EISBERG
Professor of Physics
University of California, Santa Barbara
LAWRENCE LERNER
S.
Professor of Physics
California State University, Long Beach
McGraw-Hill Book Company
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PHYSICS: Foundations and Applications, volume II
©
Copyright 1981 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in
the United States ofAmerica. No part ofthis publication may be repro-
duced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
RMRM
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This book was set in Baskerville by Progressive Typographers.
4'he editor wasJohn Corrigan;
J.
the designer was Merrill Haber;
the production supervisor was Dominick Petrellese.
The photo researcher was Mira Schachne.
The drawings were done by J & R Services, Inc.
Rand McNally 8c Company was printer and hinder.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Eisberg, Robert Martin.
Physics, foundations and applications.
Includes index.
1. Physics. I. Lerner, Lawrence S., date
joint author. II. Title.
QC21.2.E4 530 80-24417
ISBN 0-07-019091-7 (v. I)
ISBN 0-07-019092-5 (v. II)
Cover: “Vega-Nor” by Victor de Vasarely, reproduced by courtesy of
the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York, and the Vasarely
Center, New York, New York.