Table Of Content

Pedagogical Color Chart Mechanics Displacement and Linear (p) and position vectors angular (L) momentum vectors Linear (v) and angular (v) Torque vectors (t) velocity vectors Velocity component vectors Linear or rotational motion directions Force vectors (F) Springs Force component vectors Acceleration vectors (a) Pulleys Acceleration component vectors Electricity and Magnetism Electric fields Capacitors Magnetic fields Inductors (coils) Positive charges + Voltmeters V Negative charges – Ammeters A Resistors AC Sources Batteries and other DC power supplies – + Ground symbol Switches Current Light and Optics Light rays Objects Lenses and prisms Images Mirrors Some Physical Constants Quantity Symbol Valuea Atomic mass unit u 1.660 538 86 (28)(cid:2)10(cid:3)27kg 931.494 043 (80) MeV/c2 Avogadro’s number N 6.022 141 5 (10)(cid:2)1023particles/mol A e(cid:5) Bohr magneton m (cid:6) 9.274 009 49 (80)(cid:2)10(cid:3)24J/T B 2m e (cid:5)2 Bohr radius a (cid:6) 5.291 772 108 (18)(cid:2)10(cid:3)11m 0 me2k e e R Boltzmann’s constant k (cid:6) 1.380 650 5 (24)(cid:2)10(cid:3)23J/K B N A h Compton wavelength l (cid:6) 2.426 310 238 (16)(cid:2)10(cid:3)12m C mc e 1 Coulomb constant k (cid:6) 8.987 551 788...(cid:2)109N(cid:4)m2/C2(exact) e 4pP 0 Deuteron mass m 3.343 583 35 (57)(cid:2)10(cid:3)27kg d 2.013 553 212 70 (35) u Electron mass m 9.109 382 6 (16)(cid:2)10(cid:3)31kg e 5.485 799 0945 (24)(cid:2)10(cid:3)4u 0.510 998 918 (44) MeV/c2 Electron volt eV 1.602 176 53 (14)(cid:2)10(cid:3)19J Elementary charge e 1.602 176 53 (14)(cid:2)10(cid:3)19C Gas constant R 8.314 472 (15) J/mol(cid:4)K Gravitational constant G 6.674 2(10)(cid:2)10(cid:3)11N(cid:4)m2/kg2 Josephson frequency–voltage ratio 2e 4.835 978 79 (41)(cid:2)1014Hz/V h h Magnetic flux quantum (cid:7) (cid:6) 2.067 833 72 (18)(cid:2)10(cid:3)15T(cid:4)m2 0 2e Neutron mass m 1.674 927 28 (29)(cid:2)10(cid:3)27kg n 1.008 664 915 60 (55) u 939.565 360 (81) MeV/c2 e(cid:5) Nuclear magneton m (cid:6) 5.050 783 43 (43)(cid:2)10(cid:3)27J/T n 2m p Permeability of free space m 4p(cid:2)10(cid:3)7T(cid:4)m/A (exact) 0 1 Permittivity of free space P (cid:6) 8.854 187 817...(cid:2)10(cid:3)12C2/N(cid:4)m2(exact) 0 m c2 0 Planck’s constant h 6.626 069 3 (11)(cid:2)10(cid:3)34J(cid:4)s h (cid:5)(cid:6) 1.054 571 68 (18)(cid:2)10(cid:3)34J(cid:4)s 2p Proton mass m 1.672 621 71 (29)(cid:2)10(cid:3)27kg p 1.007 276 466 88 (13) u 938.272 029 (80) MeV/c2 Rydberg constant R 1.097 373 156 852 5 (73)(cid:2)107m(cid:3)1 H Speed of light in vacuum c 2.997 924 58(cid:2)108m/s (exact) Note:These constants are the values recommended in 2002 byCODATA, based on a least-squares adjustment of data from different measure- ments. For a more complete list, see P. J. Mohr and B. N. Taylor, “CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2002.” Rev. Mod. Phys.77:1, 2005. aThe numbers in parentheses for the values represent the uncertainties of the last two digits. Solar System Data Mean Radius Distance from Body Mass (kg) (m) Period (s) the Sun (m) Mercury 3.18(cid:2)1023 2.43(cid:2)106 7.60(cid:2)106 5.79(cid:2)1010 Venus 4.88(cid:2)1024 6.06(cid:2)106 1.94(cid:2)107 1.08(cid:2)1011 Earth 5.98(cid:2)1024 6.37(cid:2)106 3.156(cid:2)107 1.496(cid:2)1011 Mars 6.42(cid:2)1023 3.37(cid:2)106 5.94(cid:2)107 2.28(cid:2)1011 Jupiter 1.90(cid:2)1027 6.99(cid:2)107 3.74(cid:2)108 7.78(cid:2)1011 Saturn 5.68(cid:2)1026 5.85(cid:2)107 9.35(cid:2)108 1.43(cid:2)1012 Uranus 8.68(cid:2)1025 2.33(cid:2)107 2.64(cid:2)109 2.87(cid:2)1012 Neptune 1.03(cid:2)1026 2.21(cid:2)107 5.22(cid:2)109 4.50(cid:2)1012 Plutoa (cid:2)1.4(cid:2)1022 (cid:2)1.5(cid:2)106 7.82(cid:2)109 5.91(cid:2)1012 Moon 7.36(cid:2)1022 1.74(cid:2)106 — — Sun 1.991(cid:2)1030 6.96(cid:2)108 — — aIn August 2006, the International Astronomical Union adopted a definition of a planet that separates Pluto from the other eight planets. Pluto is now defined as a “dwarf planet” (like the asteroid Ceres). Physical Data Often Used Average Earth–Moon distance 3.84(cid:2)108m Average Earth–Sun distance 1.496(cid:2)1011m Average radius of the Earth 6.37(cid:2)106m Density of air (20°C and 1 atm) 1.20 kg/m3 Density of water (20°C and 1 atm) 1.00(cid:2)103kg/m3 Free-fall acceleration 9.80 m/s2 Mass of the Earth 5.98(cid:2)1024kg Mass of the Moon 7.36(cid:2)1022kg Mass of the Sun 1.99(cid:2)1030kg Standard atmospheric pressure 1.013(cid:2)105Pa Note:These values are the ones used in the text. Some Prefixes for Powers of Ten Power Prefix Abbreviation Power Prefix Abbreviation 10(cid:3)24 yocto y 101 deka da 10(cid:3)21 zepto z 102 hecto h 10(cid:3)18 atto a 103 kilo k 10(cid:3)15 femto f 106 mega M 10(cid:3)12 pico p 109 giga G 10(cid:3)9 nano n 1012 tera T 10(cid:3)6 micro m 1015 peta P 10(cid:3)3 milli m 1018 exa E 10(cid:3)2 centi c 1021 zetta Z 10(cid:3)1 deci d 1024 yotta Y This page intentionally left blank PHYSICS for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics PHYSICS for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics Seventh Edition Raymond A. Serway Emeritus, James Madison University John W. Jewett, Jr. California State Polytechnic University, Pomona Australia • Brazil • Canada • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Seventh Edition Raymond A. Serway and John W. 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