Physics B, 2014 Edition

348 Pages·2013·20.1 MB·English

by  Greg Jacobs, Joshua Schulman

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5 STEPS TO A 5
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AP Physics B
2014 EDITION
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5
TM
5 STEPS TO A
AP Physics B
2014 EDITION
Greg Jacobs • Joshua Schulman
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BIBLCIOOGNRTAEPNHTYS
Acknowledgments, x
About the Authors, xi
Introduction: The Five-Step Program, xii
Set Up Your Study Program
STEP 1
1 How to Approach Your AP Physics Course, 3
Ignore Your Grade, 4
Don’t Bang Your Head Against a Brick Wall, 4
Work with Other People, 4
Ask Questions When Appropriate, 5
Keep an Even Temper, 5
Don’t Cram, 5
Never Forget, Physics Is “Phun,” 5
2 What You Need to Know About the AP Physics B Exam, 7
Background Information, 7
Some Frequently Asked Questions About the AP Physics B Exam, 8
3 How to Plan Your Time, 15
What Should I Study?, 15
Calendar for Each Plan, 18
Determine Your Test Readiness
STEP 2
4 Fundamentals Quizzes, 23
Mechanics Quiz, 23
Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Quiz, 24
Electricity and Magnetism Quiz, 25
Waves, Optics, and Atomic and Nuclear Physics Quiz, 26
Answers to Mechanics Quiz, 27
Answers to Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Quiz, 29
Answers to Electricity and Magnetism Quiz, 30
Answers to Waves, Optics, and Atomic and Nuclear Physics Quiz, 31
What Do I Know, and What Don’t I Know?, 32
5 Take a Diagnostic Test, 33
Diagnostic Test, 34
Answers and Explanations, 39
Interpretation: How Ready Are You?, 42
Develop Strategies for Success
STEP 3
6 Memorizing Equations in the Shower, 45
Can You Ace This Quiz?, 45
So, How Did You Do?, 46
Equations Are Crucial, 46
What About the Free-Response Section?, 46
❮ v
vi ❯ Contents
Treat Equations like Vocabulary, 47
Answer Key to Practice Quiz, 50
7 How to Approach Each Question Type, 51
How to Approach the Multiple-Choice Section, 52
How to Approach the Free-Response Section, 59
Lab Questions, 62
8 Extra Drill on Difficult but Frequently Tested Topics, 67
Tension, 68
The Answers, 69
Electric and Magnetic Fields, 70
The Answers, 71
Inclined Planes, 73
The Answers, 74
Motion Graphs, 76
The Answers, 77
Simple Circuits, 79
The Answers, 80
Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High
STEP 4
9 A Bit About Vectors, 85
Scalars, 85
Vector Basics, 86
Graphic Representation of Vectors, 86
Vector Components, 87
Adding Vectors, 87
Practice Problems, 89
Solutions to Practice Problems, 90
10 Free-Body Diagrams and Equilibrium, 91
What Is a Free-Body Diagram?, 92
Equilibrium, 93
Normal Force, 94
Tension, 95
Friction, 97
Inclined Planes, 100
Torque, 101
Practice Problems, 103
Solutions to Practice Problems, 104
Rapid Review, 105
11 Kinematics, 106
Velocity, Acceleration, and Displacement, 107
Fundamental Kinematics Equations, 108
Kinematics Problem-Solving, 108
Free Fall, 110
Projectile Motion, 112
Motion Graphs, 113
Practice Problems, 116
Solutions to Practice Problems, 117
Rapid Review, 118
Contents ❮ vii
12 Newton’s Second Law, F = ma, 119
net
The Four-Step Problem-Solving Process, 120
Only Net Force Equals ma, 120
F on Inclines, 121
net
F for a Pulley, 123
net
Newton’s Third Law, 126
Practice Problems, 127
Solutions to Practice Problems, 128
Rapid Review, 129
13 Momentum, 130
Momentum and Impulse, 131
Conservation of Momentum, 132
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions, 133
Two-Dimensional Collisions, 133
Practice Problems, 135
Solutions to Practice Problems, 136
Rapid Review, 136
14 Energy Conservation, 137
Kinetic Energy and the Work–Energy Theorem, 138
Potential Energy, 140
Conservation of Energy: Problem-Solving Approach, 140
Springs, 142
Power, 143
Practice Problems, 144
Solutions to Practice Problems, 145
Rapid Review, 146
15 Gravitation and Circular Motion, 147
Velocity and Acceleration in Circular Motion, 148
Centripetal Acceleration, 148
Mass on a String, 149
Car on a Curve, 150
Newton’s Law of Gravitation, 151
Practice Problems, 153
Solutions to Practice Problems, 154
Rapid Review, 155
16 Simple Harmonic Motion, 156
Amplitude, Period, and Frequency, 157
Vibrating Mass on a Spring, 158
Simple Pendulums, 159
Practice Problems, 161
Solutions to Practice Problems, 162
Rapid Review, 163
17 Thermodynamics, 164
Heat, Temperature, and Power, 165
Thermal Expansion, 167
Ideal Gas Law, 168
Kinetic Theory of Gases, 169
First Law of Thermodynamics, 170
viii ❯ Contents
PV Diagrams, 171
Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics, 175
Entropy, 176
Practice Problems, 177
Solutions to Practice Problems, 178
Rapid Review, 179
18 Fluid Mechanics, 180
Pressure and Density, 181
Pressure in a Static Fluid Column, 182
Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle, 184
Pascal’s Principle, 185
Flowing Fluids, 186
Practice Problems, 189
Solutions to Practice Problems, 190
Rapid Review, 191
19 Electrostatics, 192
Electric Charge, 193
Electric Fields, 194
Force of an Electric Field, 195
Electric Potential, 196
Special Geometries for Electrostatics, 199
Practice Problems, 204
Solutions to Practice Problems, 205
Rapid Review, 206
20 Circuits, 207
Current, 208
Resistance and Ohm’s Law, 208
Resistors in Series and in Parallel, 210
The V-I-R Chart, 212
Kirchoff’s Laws, 214
Circuits from an Experimental Point of View, 217
RC Circuits: Steady-State Behavior, 219
Practice Problems, 220
Solutions to Practice Problems, 221
Rapid Review, 223
21 Magnetism, 224
Magnetic Fields, 225
Long, Straight, Current-Carrying Wires, 227
Moving Charged Particles, 228
Mass Spectrometry: More Charges Moving Through Magnetic Fields, 231
Induced EMF, 233
Practice Problems, 237
Solutions to Practice Problems, 238
Rapid Review, 239
22 Waves, 240
Transverse and Longitudinal Waves, 241
Interference, 243
Standing Waves, 245
Doppler Effect, 247