Physics

683 Pages·1992·78.25 MB·English

by  David Halliday

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S U P P L E M E N T S
PHYSICS, FOURTH EDITION is accompanied
by a complete supplementary package.
STUDY GUIDE (A Student’s Companion to Physics)
J. RICHARD CHRISTMAN
U.S. Coast Guard Academy
Provides self-tests for conceptual understanding and problem
solving.
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
EDWARD DERRINGH
Wentworth Institute of Technology
Provides approximately 25% of the solutions to textbook problems.
LABORATORY PHYSICS, SECOND EDITION
HARRY F. MEINERS
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
WALTER EPPENSTEIN
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
KENNETH MOORE
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
RALPH A. OLIVA
Texas Instruments, Inc.
This laboratory manual offers a clear introduction to procedures
and instrumentation, including errors, graphing, apparatus
handling, calculators, and computers, in addition to over 70
different experiments grouped by topic.
FOR THE INSTRUCTOR
A complete supplementary package of teaching and learning
materials is available for instructors. Contact your local Wiley
representative for further information.

VOLUME TWO
EXTENDED VERSION
P H Y S I C S
FOURTH EDITION
Books by D. Halliday, R. Resnick, and K. Krane
Physics, Volume 1, Fourth Edition
Physics, Volume 2, Fourth Edition
Physics, Volume 2, Fourth Edition, Extended
Books by D. Halliday and R. Resnick
Fundamentals of Physics, Third Edition
Fundamentals of Physics, Third Edition, Extended
Books by R. Resnick
Introduction to Special Relativity
Books by Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick
Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles, Second Edition
Books by Kenneth S. Krane
Modem Physics
Introductory Nuclear Physics
V O L U M E T W O
E X T E N D E D V E R SIO N
P H Y S I C S
F O U R T H E D IT IO N
D A V I D H A L L I D A Y
Professor of Physics, Emeritus
University of Pittsburgh
R O B E R T R E S N I C K
Professor of Physics
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
K E N N E T H S . K R A N E
Professor of Physics
Oregon State University
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Halliday, David, 1916-
Physics. Part Two / David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Kenneth S. Krane. —
4th ed., extended version.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-471-54804-9
1. Physics. I. Resnick,Robert, 1923- II. Krane, Kenneth S. III. Title.
QC21.2.H355 1992b
530—dc20 92-24917
CIP
Printed and bound by Von Hofhnann Press, Inc.
10 9 8 7
P R E F A C E T O
V O L U M E 2 ,
E X T E N D E D V E R S I O N
The first edition of Physics for Students of Science and refraction at plane surfaces (43). The previous chapter on
Engineering appeared in 1960; the most recent edition electromagnetic oscillations has been incorporated into
(the third), called simply Physics, was published in 1977. the chapter on inductance (38).
The present fourth edition (1992) marks the addition of a
4. Several topics have been eliminated, including rectifi­
new coauthor for the text.
ers, filters, waveguides, transmission lines, and mutual
The text has been updated to include new develop­ inductance. We have also eliminated use of the electric
ments in physics and in its pedagogy. Based in part on our displacement vector D and the magnetic field intensity H.
reading of the literature on these subjects, in part on the
5. This extended version of Volume 2 includes eight
comments from numerous users of past editions, and in
chapters (49 to 56) that discuss quantum physics and
part on the advice of a dedicated group of reviewers of the
some of its applications. A new chapter (56), introducing
manuscript of this edition, we have made a number of
particle physics and cosmology, has been added to those
changes.
in the previous extended version, and some shuffling of
topics in the atomic physics chapters (49 to 51) has oc­
1. This volume continues the coherent treatment of en­
curred. Other modern applications have been “sprin­
ergy that began in Chapters 7 and 8 and continued
kled” throughout the text: for instance, the quantized
through the treatment of thermodynamics in Volume 1.
Hall effect, magnetic fields of the planets, recent tests of
The sign conventions for work and the handling of energy
charge conservation, superconductivity, magnetic mono­
(for instance, the elimination of ill-defined terms such as
poles, and holography.
“thermal energy”) are consistent throughout the text.
6. We have substantially increased the number of
2. Special relativity, which was treated as a Supple­
end-of-chapter problems relative to the previous edition
mentary Topic in the previous edition, is integrated
of the extended Volume 2: there are now 1486 problems
throughout the text. Two chapters are devoted to special
compared with 1222 previously, an increase of 22 per­
relativity: one (in Volume 1) follows mechanical waves
cent. The number of end-of-chapter questions has been
and another (in Volume 2) follows electromagnetic
similarly increased from 811 to 1027 (27%). We have tried
waves. Topics related to special relativity (for instance,
to maintain the quality and diversity of problems that
relative motion, frames of reference, momentum, and
have been the hallmark of previous editions of this text.
energy) are treated throughout the text in chapters on
7. The number of worked examples in Volume 2 aver­
kinematics, mechanics, and electromagnetism. This ap­
ages between six and seven per chapter, about the same as
proach reflects our view that special relativity should be
the previous edition. However, the previous edition used
treated as part of classical physics. However, for those
the worked examples to present new material (such as
instructors who wish to delay special relativity until the
parallel and series combinations of resistors or capaci­
end of the course, the material is set off in separate sec­
tors), which are presented in this edition as major subsec­
tions that can easily be skipped on the first reading.
tions of the text rather than as worked examples. Because
3. Changes in the ordering of topics from the third edi­
we now use the worked examples (here called sample
tion include introducing electric potential energy before
problems) only to illustrate applications of material devel­
electric potential, magnetic materials before inductance,
oped in the text, this edition actually offers students far
and the Biot-Savart law before Ampere’s law. The linear
more of such examples.
momentum carried by electromagnetic radiation has
been moved from the chapter on light (42) to that on 8. Computational techniques are introduced through
electromagnetic waves (41), and reflection by plane several worked examples and through a variety of end-of-
mirrors is now treated in the chapter on reflection and chapter computer projects. Some program listings are