Physical Science with Earth Science

334 Pages·2008·2.2 MB·English

Physical Science
c. with Earth Science
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About the Consultant
Douglas Fisher,Ph.D.,is a Professor in the Department of Teacher
Education at San Diego State University.He is the recipient of an
International Reading Association Celebrate Literacy Award as well
as a Christa McAuliffe award for Excellence in Teacher Education.He
has published numerous articles on reading and literacy,differentiated
instruction,and curriculum design as well as books,such as Improving
Adolescent Literacy: Strategies at Work and Responsive Curriculum Design
in Secondary Schools: Meeting the Diverse Needs of Students.He has taught
a variety of courses in SDSU’s teacher-credentialing program as well as
graduate-level courses on English language development and literacy.
He also has taught classes in English,writing,and literacy development
to secondary school students.
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Copyright ©by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material /
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contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, o
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teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Physical Science with Earth Science. en
Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher. Gl
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Send all inquiries to: ght
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill pyri
8787 Orion Place Co
Columbus, Ohio 43240-4027
ISBN 0-07-874899-2
Printed in the United States of America
4 5 6 7 8 9 024 11 10 09 08
Note-Taking Tips ........................................ v 7-3............................................................. 76
Wrap-Up................................................. 80
Using Your Science Notebook ............... vi
Chapter 8 The Solar System
Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
Chapter Preview..................................... 81
Chapter Preview....................................... 1
8-1............................................................. 82
1-1............................................................... 2
8-2............................................................. 85
1-2............................................................... 5
8-3............................................................. 88
1-3............................................................... 8
8-4............................................................. 91
Wrap-Up................................................. 12
Wrap-Up................................................. 94
Chapter 2 Science, Technology,
Chapter 9 Heat and States of Matter
and Society
Chapter Preview..................................... 95
Chapter Preview..................................... 13
9-1............................................................. 96
2-1............................................................. 14
9-2............................................................. 99
2-2............................................................. 17
9-3........................................................... 102
2-3............................................................. 20
9-4........................................................... 105
Wrap-Up................................................. 24
Wrap-Up............................................... 108
Chapter 3 Motion, Acceleration,
Chapter 10 Waves
and Forces
Chapter Preview................................... 109
Chapter Preview..................................... 25
10-1........................................................ 110
3-1............................................................. 26
10-2........................................................ 113
3-2............................................................. 29
10-3........................................................ 116
3-3............................................................. 32
Wrap-Up............................................... 120
nc. Wrap-Up................................................. 36
es, I Chapter 11 Sound and Light
ni Chapter 4 The Laws of Motion
pa Chapter Preview................................... 121
m Chapter Preview..................................... 37
o 11-1........................................................ 122
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a 11-3........................................................ 128
Gr 4-3............................................................. 44
Mc 11-4........................................................ 131
he Wrap-Up................................................. 48 Wrap-Up............................................... 134
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on of Chapter 5 Energy Chapter 12 Earth’s Internal Processes
si Chapter Preview..................................... 49
vi Chapter Preview................................... 135
a di 5-1............................................................. 50 12-1........................................................ 136
Hill, 5-2............................................................. 53 12-2........................................................ 139
Graw- Wrap-Up................................................. 56 12-3........................................................ 142
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/ Chapter 6 Work and Machines
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© Chapter 13 Electricity
ht 6-2............................................................. 61 Chapter Preview................................... 149
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Co Wrap-Up................................................. 68 13-2........................................................ 153
13-3........................................................ 156
Chapter 7 The Earth-Moon-Sun System
Wrap-Up............................................... 160
Chapter Preview..................................... 69
7-1............................................................. 70
7-2............................................................. 73
Physical Science with Earth Science iii
Chapter 14 Magnetism Chapter 21 Earth’s Changing Surface
Chapter Preview................................... 161 Chapter Preview................................... 245
14-1........................................................ 162 21-1........................................................ 246
14-2........................................................ 165 21-2........................................................ 249
14-3........................................................ 168 21-3........................................................ 252
Wrap-Up............................................... 172 21-4........................................................ 255
Wrap-Up............................................... 258
Chapter 15 Electromagnetic Radiation
Chapter Preview................................... 173 Chapter 22 Chemical Bonds
15-1........................................................ 174 Chapter Preview................................... 259
15-2........................................................ 177 22-1........................................................ 260
15-3........................................................ 180 22-2........................................................ 263
Wrap-Up............................................... 184 22-3........................................................ 266
Wrap-Up............................................... 270
Chapter 16 Energy Sources
Chapter Preview................................... 185 Chapter 23 Chemical Reactions
16-1........................................................ 186 Chapter Preview................................... 271
16-2........................................................ 189 23-1........................................................ 272
16-3........................................................ 192 23-2........................................................ 275
Wrap-Up............................................... 196 23-3........................................................ 278
23-4........................................................ 281
Chapter 17 Weather and Climate
Wrap-Up............................................... 284
Chapter Preview................................... 197
17-1........................................................ 198 Chapter 24 Solutions, Acids, and Bases
17-2........................................................ 201 Chapter Preview................................... 285
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17-3........................................................ 204 24-1........................................................ 286 n
17-4........................................................ 207 24-2........................................................ 289 es, I
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Wrap-Up............................................... 210 24-3........................................................ 292 pa
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24-4........................................................ 295 Co
Chapter 18 Classification of Matter Wrap-Up............................................... 298 Hill
Chapter Preview................................... 211 w-
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18-1........................................................ 212 Chapter 25 Nuclear Changes cGr
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18-2........................................................ 215 Chapter Preview................................... 299 e
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Wrap-Up............................................... 218 25-1........................................................ 300 of
25-2........................................................ 303 on
Chapter 19 Properties of Atoms and 25-3........................................................ 306 divisi
Chapter Pthreev iPeewr.i.o..d...i.c.. ..T..a...b..l.e............... 219 2W5r-a4p..-.U...p................................................................................................. 330129 Hill, a
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19-1........................................................ 220 a
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19-2........................................................ 223 Chapter 26 Stars and Galaxies Mc
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19-3........................................................ 226 Chapter Preview................................... 313 e
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Wrap-Up............................................... 230 26-1........................................................ 314 en
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26-2........................................................ 317 ©
Chapter 20 Earth Materials 23-3........................................................ 320 ht
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Chapter Preview................................... 231 23-4........................................................ 323 pyri
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20-1........................................................ 232 C
Wrap-Up............................................... 326
20-2........................................................ 235
20-3........................................................ 238
20-4........................................................ 241
Wrap-Up............................................... 244
iv Physical Science with Earth Science
Note-Taking Tips
Your notes are a reminder of what you learned in class. Taking good
notes can help you succeed in science. These tips will help you take
better notes.
• Be an active listener. Listen for important concepts. Pay attention
to words, examples, and/or diagrams your teacher emphasizes.
• Write your notes as clearly and concisely as possible. The following
symbols and abbreviations may be helpful in your note-taking.
Word or Symbol or Word or Symbol or
Phrase Abbreviation Phrase Abbreviation
for example e.g. and +
such as i.e. approximately (cid:2)
with w/ therefore (cid:2)
without w/o versus vs
• Use a symbol such as a star (★) or an asterisk (*) to emphasis
important concepts. Place a question mark (?) next to anything that
you do not understand.
• Ask questions and participate in class discussion.
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Physical Science with Earth Science v
Using Your Science Notebook
This note-taking guide is designed to
Name Date
help you succeed in learning science
Properties of Atoms and
the Periodic Table content. Each chapter includes:
Before you read the chapter,respond to these statements.
1.Write an Aifyou agree with the statement.
2.Write a Difyou disagree with the statement.
Before You Properties ofAtoms and Language-Based Activities
Read the Periodic Table
•An atom is the smallest unit ofan element that still Activities cover the content
has all the properties ofthe element.
•An atom is made up ofa positively charged nucleus in your science book including
and negatively charged electrons.
•Qthuea erlkesc tarroen sso. tiny that they orbit the nucleus with vocabulary, writing, note-taking,
•Isotopes ofan element only differ in their number
ofneutrons. and problem solving.
•An element’s chemical and physical properties may
be predicted by its location on the periodic table.
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adapt:to change to fit new conditions; compensate:to make up for
to change in order to make suitable component:part ofa machine or system
adjacent:near,close,or adjoining compound:made up ofindividual parts;
adjust:to arrange the parts ofsomething made oftwo or more separate parts
Science Journal to make it work correctly or elements
Properties ofAtoms and the Periodic Table 219 adult:fully developed;grown concentrate:to bring or come close
Write about what affect:to bring about a change in together in one place
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higher on standardized tests.
Properties ofAtoms and the Periodic Table 225
vi Physical Science with Earth Science
Name Date
Section 3The Periodic Table (continued)
Chapter Wrap-Up
The Atom and the Analyzehowelectron dot diagramsshow similarities between This brings the information together
Periodic Table elements within a group.
I found this information for you. Revisiting what you thought
on page .
FLSE, p. 594
FLRE, p. 341 at the beginning of the chapter provides
another opportunity for you to discuss
Regions on the Classifythe regions ofthe periodic table as metals,nonmetals,or what you have learned.
Periodic Table metalloids.
I found this information •Shade the regions on the blank periodic table.
on page . •Label each region and write its characteristics.
FLSE, p. 595
FLRE, p. 342
Note-Taking Based on
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•An atom is the smallest unit ofan element that still AFLSE, p. 579
has all the properties ofthe element. FLRE, p. 328
•An atom is made up ofa positively charged nucleus AFLSE, p. 579
and negatively charged electrons. FLRE, p. 327
•Quarks are so tiny that they orbit the nucleus with DFLSE, p. 579
228 Properties ofAtoms and the Periodic Table the electrons. FLRE, p. 328
•Isotopes ofan element only differ in their number AFLSE, p. 586
ofneutrons. FLRE, p. 334
•An element’s chemical and physical properties may AFLSE, p. 589
be predicted by its location on the periodic table. FLRE, p. 338
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h you have learned and prepare
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on of 230 Properties ofAtoms and the Periodicf Toabrle your chapter tests.
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Properties ofAtoms and the Periodic Table 227
Physical Science with Earth Science vii

Name Date
The Nature of Science
Before You Read
Before you read the chapter, respond to these statements.
1.Write an A if you agree with the statement.
2.Write a D if you disagree with the statement.
Before You
The Nature of Science
Read
• A scientific theory will always be true.
• A scientific experiment is valid as long as you don’t vary more
than two factors.
• By choosing an appropriate unit of measurement, you can avoid
working with large-digit numbers and with many decimal places.
• Any type of graph is appropriate for displaying any type
of information.
Construct the Foldable as directed at the beginning of this chapter.
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TThhee NNaattuurree ooff SScciieennccee 11
NNaammee DDaattee
The Nature of Science
Section 1 The Methods of Science
Skim the headings and bold words in this section. Write four steps
scientists might take to solve a problem.
Review
Vocabulary Define investigation to show its scientific meaning.
investigation
New
Vocabulary Read the definitions below, then write the key term on the blank
in the left column.
variable whose value changes as a result of changes in other vari-
ables
standard used to compare the results of the experiment nc.
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a factor that can cause a change in the results of an experiment a
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the application of science to help people Hill
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a factor in an experiment that does not change cGr
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represents an idea, event, or object to help people observe or of T
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the variable you change to see how it affects another variable Hill, a
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Academic Gl
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Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define survey. ht
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2 The Nature of Science