Physical Properties and Behaviour of High-Performance Concrete at High Temperature: State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 227-HPB PDF
Preview Physical Properties and Behaviour of High-Performance Concrete at High Temperature: State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 227-HPB
RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports Pierre Pimienta Robert Jansson McNamee Editors Jean-Christophe Mindeguia Physical Properties and Behaviour of High-Performance Concrete at High Temperature State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 227-HPB RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports RILEM STATE-OF-THE-ART REPORTS Volume 29 RILEM, The International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures, founded in 1947, is a non-governmental sci- entific association whose goal is to contribute to progress in the construction sciences, techniques and industries, essentially by means of the communica- tion it fosters between research and practice. RILEM’s focus is on construction materials and their use in building and civil engineering structures, covering all phases of the building process from manufacture to use and recycling of materi- als. More information on RILEM and its previous publications can be found on www.RILEM.net. The RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports (STAR) are produced by the Technical Committees. They represent one of the most important outputs that RILEM generates—high level scientific and engineering reports that provide cutting edge knowledgeinagivenfield.TheworkoftheTCsisoneofRILEM’skeyfunctions. MembersofaTCareexpertsintheirfieldandgivetheirtimefreelytosharetheir expertise. As a result, the broader scientific community benefits greatly from RILEM’s activities. RILEM’s stated objective is to disseminate this information as widely as pos- sible to the scientific community. RILEM therefore considers the STAR reports of its TCs as of highest importance, and encourages their publication whenever possible. The information in this and similar reports is mostly pre-normative in the sense that it provides the underlying scientific fundamentals on which standards and codes of practice are based. Without such a solid scientific basis, construction practice will be less than efficient or economical. It is RILEM’s hope that this information will be of wide use to the scientific community. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8780 Pierre Pimienta Robert Jansson McNamee (cid:129) Jean-Christophe Mindeguia Editors Physical Properties and Behaviour of High-Performance Concrete at High Temperature State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 227-HPB 123 Editors Pierre Pimienta Jean-Christophe Mindeguia Department ofSafety, Structures andFire, Institute of Mechanicsand Engineering CSTB (I2M) UniversitéParis-Est University of Bordeaux Marne-la-Vallée, France Talence,France RobertJansson McNamee Brandskyddslaget AB Stockholm, StockholmsLän Sweden ISSN 2213-204X ISSN 2213-2031 (electronic) RILEMState-of-the-Art Reports ISBN978-3-319-95431-8 ISBN978-3-319-95432-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95432-5 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018947467 ©RILEM2019 Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyany means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permissionfromthePublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeof being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Permissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromtheownerofthecopyright:RILEM. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland To the memory of Pr. Ulrich Schneider This state-of-the-art report is dedicated to the memory of Pr. Ulrich Schneider. Ulrich was the chairman of the RILEM HPB Technical Committee. He mapped out our path and shared with us his impressive deep and extensive scientific expertise and his human value. He has left to the scientific community an immense and rich heritage. Foreword High-performance concrete (HPC) is one of the most recent types of concrete among the materials used routinely in building and civil structures. They were pioneered in parallel in the USA (for high-rise buildings) and Europe (offshore industry and bridges), from 1970 to 1985. Other prestigious applications came rapidly, in particular the Channel Tunnel, linking the UK to continental Europe. Meanwhile,effortsweremadetoextendtheuseofHPCintheprecastindustry,e.g., prestressed, pretensioned beams used inbuildings. The level ofsafety provided by the structures in case of fire must be thoroughly examined in most applications. Even in the bridge sector, accidents can occur if trucks carrying inflammable material bur, inducing severe thermal loads on structural concrete elements. However,todatethemainreportedfireaccidentswhereHPCwasinvolvedwerein tunnels, where rapid drop of most of the concrete occurred very quickly. This state of the art provides a vast and comprehensive review of existing knowledgeaboutthebehaviorofconcretematerialunderfire,withaspecialbutnot exclusiveemphasisonHPC.Therefore,itcanbeconsideredasareferencedocument even for normal structural concrete. All items related to physical, chemical, and mechanical changes induced by high temperature are addressed in good order, offeringaclearpictureofwhatappearsasoneofthemostcomplexandchallenging problemsinmoderncivilengineering.Qualitatively,thebehaviorofHPCdoesnot differmuchfromthatofordinaryconcrete,exceptforthespallingphenomenon;this iscurrentlybeingaddressedbyanotherRILEMworkinggroup.Nevertheless,owing to its denser microstructure, its lower free water content, and its higher volume of unhydrated cement particles, the kinetics and extent of the various microstructural andchemicalchangesofHPCmaydisplaysomeparticularities.Furthermore,these mixesoftencontainspecificconstituents,forexamplesilicafume—akeycomponent toreachcompressivecylinderstrengthabove70/80MPa—orpolypropylenefibers, the most common solution to prevent or limit spalling. The latter constituent facil- itates the vapor transfers in the material and also modifies the thermo-chemo- mechanical behavior. vii viii Foreword Thisworkisessentialforthosewhowanttodeveloporupdatetheirknowledge about fire in concrete structures. It will be particularly useful for modeling purposes—a matter addressed in the following chapters of this section—and to interpret and update structural codes as Eurocode 2 or ACI 216. Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France François de Larrard, Ph.D. Scientific Director LafargeHolcim LCR Acknowledgements All the authors are extremely grateful to Katarzyna Mróz from the Cracow UniversityofTechnologyandColinDaviefromtheNewcastleUniversityfortheir very important and efficient involvement in the formatting and review of the document. ix RILEM Technical Committee 227-HPB (Physical Properties and Behaviour of High-Performance Concrete at High Temperature) Chairmen U. Schneider and P. Pimienta Secretary Robert Jansson McNamee Members Ma-Cruz Alonso, Spain Lars Boström, Sweden Stefano Dal Pont, France Colin Davie, UK Gerard Debicki, France Frank Dehn, Germany Ulrich Diederichs, Germany Roberto Felicetti, Italy Izabela Hager, Poland Sven Huismann, Germany Ulla-Maija Jumppanen, Finland Manfred Korzen, Germany Eddy Koenders, The Netherlands Jianzhong Lai, China Katarzyna. Mróz, Poland Bas Lottman, The Netherlands Fekri Meftah, France Alain Millard, France Jean-Christophe Mindeguia, France Josko Ozbolt, Germany Francesco Pesavento, Italy Klaus Pistol, Germany Fabienne Robert, France xi
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