Photorealistic Rendering Techniques PDF
Preview Photorealistic Rendering Techniques
Focus on Computer Graphics Tutorials and Perspectives in CornputerGraphics Edited by WT. Hewitt, R. Gnatz, and W. Hansmann Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Budapest Hong Kong London Milan Paris Tokyo G. Sakas P. Shirley S. MUller (Eds.) Photorealistic Rendering Techniques With 155 Figures, 16 Colour Plates, and 14 Tables , Springer Focus on Computer Graphics Edited by W. T. Hewitt, R. Gnatz, and W. Hansmann for EUROGRAPHICS - The European Association for Computer Graphics P. O. Box 16, CH-1288 Aire-Ia-Ville, Switzerland Volume Editors Georgios Sakas Stefan Miiller Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics WilhelminenstraBe 7 0-64283 Darmstadt, Germany Peter Shirley Indiana University Department of Computer Science Lindley Hall Bloomington, IL 47405, USA CR Subject Classification (1991): 1.3.7,1.3.3,1.6.7 ISBN-13: 978-3-642-87827-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Photorealistic rendering techniques IG. Sakas, P. Shirley, S. Milller, eds. p. cm. (Focus on computer graphics) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-3-642-87827-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-87825-1 DOl: 10.10071978-3-642-87825-1 1. Computer graphics-Congresses, I. Sakas, Georgios. II. Shirley, P. (Peter), 1963 - III. Miiller, S. (Stefan), 1965 - . IV. Series. T385.P493 1995 oo6.6-dc20 95-23397 CIP This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © 1995 EUROGRAPHICS The European Association for Computer Graphics Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1995 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this pUblication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover: Kilnkel + Lopka, Ilvesheim, Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready copy from the authorsleditors SPIN 10085230 4513143-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper Preface This book contains the final versions of the proceedings of the fifth EUROGRA PHICS Workshop on Rendering held in Darmstadt, Germany, between 13-15 June 1994. With around 80 participants and 30 papers, the event continued the successful tradition of the previous ones establishing the event as the most im portant meeting for persons working on this area world-wide. After more than 20 years of research, rendering remains an partially unsolved, interesting, and challenging topic. This year 71 (!) papers have been submitted from Europe, North America, and Asia. The average quality in terms of technical merit was impressive, showing that substantial work is achieved on this topic from several groups around the world. In general we all gained the impression that in the mean time the technical quality of the contributions is comparable to that of a specialised high-end, full scale conference. All papers have been reviewed from at least three members of the program committee. In addition, several colleagues helped us in managing the reviewing process in time either by supporting additional reviews, or by assisting the members of the committee. We have been very happy to welcome eminent invited speakers. Holly Rush meier is internationally well known for her excellent work in all areas of rendering and gave us a review of modelling and rendering participating media with em phasis on scientific visualization. In addition, Peter Shirley presented a survey about future rends in rendering techniques. The book covers a wide spectrum of topics within the field of Photorealistic Rendering Techniques and includes not only the "classic" topics such as Radio sity, Ray Tracing, Meshing/Sampling, Monte Carlo and Viewing Solutions, but also some new areas of increasing interest. The excellent quality of the Partici pating Media contributions shows that sufficient work exists here, which should be exploited from future applications. Dynamic Solutions & Walkthroughs in tend to show ways that results can become fast and accurate enough in order to become unable and incorporated in existing systems. And finally, Wavelets show a new approach promising to solve several existing problems in an innovative way. Georgios Sakas, Peter Shirley, Stefan Miiller Contents Part I: Viewing Solutions Results of the 1994 Survey on Image Synthesis ............................. 3 Peter Shirley, Georgios Sakas Quantization Techniques for Visualization of High Dynamic Range Pictures 7 Christophe Schlick Rendering, Complexity, and Perception ................................... 21 Kenneth Chiu, Peter Shirley Part II: Participating Media Rendering Participating Media: Problems and Solutions from Application Areas ........................... 37 Holly Rushmeier A Model for Fluorescence and Phosphorescence ........................... 60 Andrew S. Glassner Global Illumination in Presence of Participating Media with General Properties ........................................... 71 Eric Languenou, Kadi Bouatouch, Michael Chelle Efficient Light Propagation for Multiple Anisotropic Volume Scattering .... 87 Nelson Max Clustering and Volume Scattering for Hierarchical Radiosity Calculations. 105 Fran~ois Sillion VIII Contents Part III: Ray Tracing and Monte Carlo Adaptive Splatting for Specular to Diffuse Light Transport ............... 121 Steven Collins Rayvolution: An Evolutionary Ray Tracing Algorithm ................... 136 Brigitta Lange, Markus Beyer Bidirectional Estimators for Light Transport ............................. 145 Eric Veach, Leonidas Guibas The Ambient Term as a Variance Reducing Technique for Monte Carlo Ray Tracing ................................. 168 Eric P. Lafortune, Yves D. Willems An Importance Driven Monte-Carlo Solution to the Global Illumination Problem ...................................... 177 Philippe Blasi, Bertrand Le Saec, Christophe Schlick Importance-driven Monte Carlo Light Tracing 188 Philip Dutre, Yves D. Willems Part IV: Radiosity A New Stochastic Radiosity Method for Highly Complex Scenes .......... 201 Laszlo Neumann, Martin Feda, Manfred Kopp, Werner Purgathofer Constructing Solvers for Radiosity Equation Systems 214 Wei Xu, Donald S. Fussell New Efficient Algorithms with Positive Definite Radiosity Matrix ........ 227 LaszlO Neumann, Robert F. Tobler Adaptive Mesh Refinement with Discontinuities for the Radiosity Method 244 Wolfgang Stii.rzlinger Optimizing Discontinuity Meshing Radiosity ............................. 254 Neil Gatenby, W. T. Hewitt Simplifying the Representation of Radiance from Multiple Emitters ...... 264 George Drettakis Contents IX Part V: Wavelets Haar Wavelet: A Solution to Global Illumination With General Surface Properties ......................................... 281 Sumanta N. Pattanaik, Kadi Bouatouch Wavelet Radiance ....................................................... 295 Per Christensen, Eric Stollnitz, David Salesin, Tony DeRose Wavelet Methods for Radiance Computations ............................ 310 Peter Schroder, Pat Hanrahan Part VI: Dynamic Solutions and Walkthrouhgs Efficient Radiosity in Dynamic Environments 329 David Forsyth, Chien Yang, Kim Teo Fast Radiosity Repropagation For Interactive Virtual Environments Using A Shadow-Form-Factor-List ....................................... 339 Stefan Muller, Frank Schoffel An Efficient Progressive Refinement Strategy for Hierarchical Radiosity .. 357 Nicolas Holzschuch, Fran~ois Sillion, George Drettakis Efficient Re-rendering of Naturally Illuminated Environments ............ 373 Jeffry S. Nimeroff, Eero Simoncelli, Julie Dorsey Texture Mapping as an Alternative for Meshing During Walkthrough Animation ......................................... 389 Karol Myszkowski, Tosiyasu L. Kunii BRUSH as a Walkthrough System for Architectural Models .............. 401 Bengt-Olaf Schneider, Paul Borrel, Jai Menon, Josh Mittleman, Jarek Rossignac Environment Mapping for Efficient Sampling of the Diffuse Interreflection 410 Erik Reinhard, Lucas U. Tijssen, Frederik W. Jansen Colour Plates ........................................................ 423 List of Authors ...................................................... 443 Part I Viewing Solutions Results of the 1994 Survey on Image Synthesis Peter Shirley!, Georgios Sakas2 1 Indiana University, Bloomington IN 47405, USA 2 Fraunhofer-IGD, Wilhelminenstr. 7, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany 1 Introduction At the 1992 Rendering Workshop in Bristol, Michael Cohen presented the results of what he called a very unscientific survey of image synthesis researchers. This survey stimulated a great deal of discussion, so we ran a second survey (again distributed by email), and collected twenty-two responses from researchers with an average of ten years experience in image synthesis. The results of this survey, along with the results of Cohen's survey are given here. Since this was an informal survey, we can certainly draw no hard conclusions from the results. However, we do feel the results are useful for getting a feel for what are perceived to be important research areas. For new researchers in rendering it the results may be helpful in identifying areas that are viewed as being largely solved. 2 Survey Responses When asked to define image synthesis, we got a number of responses similar to those described by Cohen: "make an image indistinguishable from a photo". Several respondents commented that we probably should have asked about "rea listic image synthesis", and gave a broader definition for image synthesis. Some extracted phrases from this second class of responses are: - Displaying (or somehow outputting) the image (or idea) we have in our mind. - Photorealism is a subclass of image synthesis. - The creation of a visual representation intended to communicate an idea. - The generation of images from information. The next question was: What are the key issues that are still unanswered or not answered well in realistic image synthesis? Rate each issue as unsolved (0) to solved (5). We used the same eight sub questions as Cohen (a-h) and added subquestions (i-k).
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