Philosophy of Technology: The Technological Condition: An Anthology PDF
Preview Philosophy of Technology: The Technological Condition: An Anthology
a “The second edition of Philosophy of Technology is a must-read for everyone trying to sort out how societies, n S Ed technologies, politics, and nature come together, tacitly or not, in the constitution of human knowledge.” d C h i Jan Kyrre Berg Friis, University of Copenhagen t d a E u R d “This is an excellent selection of primary sources, essential to understanding technology and the conceptual debates S f about it. The editors are to be congratulated for their sensible choices and judicious introductions.” E f b k y Luciano Floridi, University of Oxford P Unrivaled in scope and valuable editorial content, Philosophy of Technology: The Technological Condition remains th the most comprehensive anthology of philosophy of technology available. This second edition includes new and updated material on recent developments in the field, along with the editors’ insightful critical introductions to each E topic. The combination of seminal essays with a fresh selection of contemporary material reflects changes in the field i and in the world since the appearance of the first edition. C l In addition to its analysis of the familiar political, social, cultural, and engineering contexts affecting the nature of technology, the volume includes a thorough examination of the influence on technology of historical, metaphysical, o h and epistemological concerns. It moves from readings on traditional concepts of technē, natural knowledge, and human nature to the latest assessments of inherited paradigms, rooted in Enlightenment thinking, concerning science, technology, and the philosophy of technology. A substantial portion of the anthology focuses on Heidegger’s S n writings on technology and their influence, and on a variety of questions animated by his work that interrogate o technology’s connection to the current human condition, especially in the developed world. Further essays consider the proper place of technological practice in human life, the apparent autonomy of technological forces, the idea of o technology as a social practice and as a medium of political power, and technology’s role as a model for contemporary P conceptions of intelligence and information. l h Robert C. Scharff is Professor of Philosophy at the University of New Hampshire. He is the author of How History o Matters to Philosophy (2014) and Comte After Positivism (1995; 2002), and the former editor of Continental Philosophy Review (1995–2005). He publishes on nineteenth- and twentieth-century Continental philosophy (especially y PhiloSoPhy of Dilthey, Heidegger, and the hermeneutics of science), the history of positivism (especially Comte and Mill, and g the connection between classical positivism and recent analytic philosophy), and the philosophy of technology. He is currently preparing a collection of essays on Heidegger and technology, and editing a Blackwell Guidebook on o y Heidegger’s Being and Time. tEChnology Val Dusek is Professor of Philosophy at the University of New Hampshire. His research focuses on the history f and philosophy of science and technology, with a particular interest in the social factors influencing scientific and technological development. He has written on non-mainstream philosophical influences (Asiatic, hermetic, and Romantic) on the history of electro-magnetic theory. His numerous publications include Philosophy of Technology: thE tEChnologi Cal Condition An Introduction (Wiley Blackwell, 2006) and co-editorship of the first edition of this volume. SECond An Anthology • second edition Edition EditEd by Rob ERt C. SChaRff and Val duSEk pb_9781118547250.indd 1 28/10/13 12:05:15 Philosophy of Technology BLACKWELL PHILOSOPHY ANTHOLOGIES Each volume in this outstanding series provides an authoritative and comprehensive collection of the essential primary readings from philosophy’s main fields of study. Designed to complement the Blackwell Companions to Philosophy series, each volume represents an unparalleled resource in its own right, and will provide the ideal platform for course use. 1 Cottingham: Western Philosophy: An Anthology (second edition) 2 Cahoone: From Modernism to Postmodernism: An Anthology (expanded second edition) 3 LaFollette: Ethics in Practice: An Anthology (third edition) 4 Goodin and Pettit: Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology (second edition) 5 Eze: African Philosophy: An Anthology 6 McNeill and Feldman: Continental Philosophy: An Anthology 7 Lycan and Prinz: Mind and Cognition: An Anthology (third edition) 8 Kuhse and Singer: Bioethics: An Anthology (second edition) 9 Cummins and Cummins: Minds, Brains, and Computers – The Foundations of Cognitive Science: An Anthology 10 Sosa, Kim, Fantl, and McGrath Epistemology: An Anthology (second edition) 11 Kearney and Rasmussen: Continental Aesthetics – Romanticism to Postmodernism: An Anthology 12 Jacquette: Philosophy of Logic: An Anthology 13 Jacquette: Philosophy of Mathematics: An Anthology 14 Harris, Pratt, and Waters: American Philosophies: An Anthology 15 Emmanuel and Goold: Modern Philosophy – From Descartes to Nietzsche: An Anthology 16 Light and Rolston: Environmental Ethics: An Anthology 17 Taliaferro and Griffiths: Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology 18 Lamarque and Olsen: Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art – The Analytic Tradition: An Anthology 19 John and Lopes: Philosophy of Literature – Contemporary and Classic Readings: An Anthology 20 Cudd and Andreasen: Feminist Theory: A Philosophical Anthology 21 Carroll and Choi: Philosophy of Film and Motion Pictures: An Anthology 22 Lange: Philosophy of Science: An Anthology 23 Shafer-Landau and Cuneo: Foundations of Ethics: An Anthology 24 Curren: Philosophy of Education: An Anthology 25 Cahn and Meskin: Aesthetics: A Comprehensive Anthology 26 McGrew, Alspector-Kelly and Allhoff: The Philosophy of Science: An Historical Anthology 27 May: Philosophy of Law: Classic and Contemporary Readings 28 Rosenberg and Arp: Philosophy of Biology: An Anthology 29 Kim, Korman, and Sosa: Metaphysics: An Anthology (second edition) 30 Martinich and Sosa: Analytic Philosophy: An Anthology (second edition) 31 Shafer-Landau: Ethical Theory: An Anthology (second edition) 32 Hetherington: Metaphysics and Epistemology: A Guided Anthology 33 Scharff and Dusek: Philosophy of Technology – The Technological Condition: An Anthology (second edition) Philosophy of Technology The Technological Condition: An Anthology Second Edition Edited by Robert C. Scharff Val Dusek This edition first published 2014 © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Robert C. Scharff and Val Dusek to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author(s) have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available on request ISBN 9781118547250 (PB) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: Catherine Abel, Maiden Voyage, 2003. Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library Cover design by Nicki Averill Design and Illustration Set in 9.5/11.5pt Bembo by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2014 Contents Source Acknowledgments ix Introduction to the Second Edition xiii Part I The Historical Background 1 Introduction 3 1 On Dialectic and “Techne”̄ 9 Plato 2 On “Techne”̄ and “Epistem̄ e”̄ 19 Aristotle 3 The Greek Concepts of “Nature” and “Technique” 25 Wolfgang Schadewaldt 4 On the Idols, the Scientific Study of Nature, and the Reformation of Education 33 Francis Bacon 5 Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Point of View 47 Immanuel Kant 6 The Nature and Importance of the Positive Philosophy 54 Auguste Comte 7 On the Sciences and Arts 68 Jean-Jacques Rousseau 8 Capitalism and the Modern Labor Process 74 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Part II Philosophy, Modern Science, and Technology 89 Positivist and Postpositivist Philosophies of Science 91 9 The Scientific Conception of the World: The Vienna Circle 101 Rudolf Carnap, Hans Hahn, and Otto Neurath vi contents 10 Paradigms and Anomalies in Science 111 Thomas Kuhn 11 Experimentation and Scientific Realism 121 Ian Hacking 12 Hermeneutical Philosophy and Pragmatism: A Philosophy of Science 131 Patrick A. Heelan and Jay Schulkin 13 What are Cultural Studies of Science? 147 Joseph Rouse 14 Revaluing Science: Starting from the Practices of Women 161 Nancy Tuana 15 Is Science Multicultural? 171 Sandra Harding 16 On Knowledge and the Diversity of Cultures: Comment on Harding 183 Shigehisa Kuriyama The Task of a Philosophy of Technology 187 17 Philosophical Inputs and Outputs of Technology 191 Mario Bunge 18 Analytic Philosophy of Technology 201 Maarten Franssen 19 On the Aims of a Philosophy of Technology 205 Jacques Ellul 20 Toward a Philosophy of Technology 210 Hans Jonas 21 The Technology Question in Feminism: A View from Feminist Technology Studies 224 Wendy Faulkner Part III Defining Technology 239 Introduction 241 22 Conflicting Visions of Technology 249 Mary Tiles and Hans Oberdiek 23 The Mangle of Practice 260 Andrew Pickering 24 The Social Construction of Facts and Artifacts 266 Trevor J. Pinch and Wiebe E. Bijker 25 Actor-Network Theory (ANT) 278 Bruno Latour 26 Actor-Network Theory: Critical Considerations 289 Sergio Sismondo contents vii Part IV Heidegger on Technology 297 Introduction 299 27 The Question Concerning Technology 305 Martin Heidegger 28 On Philosophy’s “Ending” in Technoscience: Heidegger vs. Comte 318 Robert C. Scharff 29 Focal Things and Practices 329 Albert Borgmann 30 Heidegger and Borgmann on How to Affirm Technology 350 Hubert L. Dreyfus and Charles Spinosa 31 Philosophy of Technology at the Crossroads: Critique of Heidegger and Borgmann 362 Andrew Feenberg Part V Technology and Human Ends 375 Human Beings as “Makers” or “Tool-Users”? 377 32 Tool Users vs. Homo Sapiens and the Megamachine 381 Lewis Mumford 33 The “Vita Activa” and the Modern Age 389 Hannah Arendt 34 Putting Pragmatism (especially Dewey’s) to Work 406 Larry Hickman 35 Buddhist Economics 421 E. F. Schumacher Is Technology Autonomous? 426 36 The “Autonomy” of the Technological Phenomenon 430 Jacques Ellul 37 Do Machines Make History? 442 Robert L. Heilbroner 38 The New Forms of Control 449 Herbert Marcuse 39 Technological Determinism Is Dead; Long Live Technological Determinism 456 Sally Wyatt Technology, Ecology, and the Conquest of Nature 467 40 Mining the Earth’s Womb 471 Carolyn Merchant 41 The Deep Ecology Movement 482 Bill Devall viii contents 42 Deeper than Deep Ecology: The Eco-Feminist Connection 491 Ariel Salleh 43 In Defense of Posthuman Dignity 495 Nick Bostrom Part VI Technology as Social Practice 503 Technology and the Lifeworld 505 44 Cultural Climates and Technological Advance in the Middle Ages 511 Lynn White, Jr. 45 Three Ways of Being-With Technology 523 Carl Mitcham 46 A Phenomenology of Technics 539 Don Ihde 47 Postphenomenology of Technology 561 Peter-Paul Verbeek 48 Technoscience Studies after Heidegger? Not Yet 573 Robert C. Scharff Technology and Cyberspace 582 49 Consciousness in Human and Robot Minds 588 Daniel C. Dennett 50 Why Heideggerian AI Failed and How Fixing It Would Require Making It More Heideggerian 597 Hubert L. Dreyfus 51 A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century 610 Donna Haraway 52 A Moratorium on Cyborgs: Computation, Cognition, and Commerce 631 Evan Selinger and Timothy Engström 53 Anonymity versus Commitment: The Dangers of Education on the Internet 641 Hubert L. Dreyfus Technology, Knowledge, and Power 648 54 Panopticism 654 Michel Foucault 55 Do Artifacts Have Politics? 668 Langdon Winner 56 The Social Impact of Technological Change 680 Emmanuel G. Mesthene 57 Technology: The Opiate of the Intellectuals, with the Author’s 2000 Retrospective 693 John McDermott 58 Democratic Rationalization: Technology, Power, and Freedom 706 Andrew Feenberg
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