Pervasive Mobile and Ambient Wireless Communications: COST Action 2100 PDF
Preview Pervasive Mobile and Ambient Wireless Communications: COST Action 2100
SIGNALSANDCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGY Forfurthervolumes: www.springer.com/series/4748 Roberto Verdone (cid:2) Alberto Zanella Editors Pervasive Mobile and Ambient Wireless Communications COST Action 2100 Editors RobertoVerdone AlbertoZanella Dip.diElettronica,InformaticaeSist. IEIIT UniversitàdiBologna NationalResearchCouncilofItaly(CNR) Bologna Bologna Italy Italy ISSN1860-4862 SignalsandCommunicationTechnology ISBN978-1-4471-2314-9 e-ISBN978-1-4471-2315-6 DOI10.1007/978-1-4471-2315-6 SpringerLondonDordrechtHeidelbergNewYork BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011944421 ©Springer-VerlagLondonLimited2012 Apartfromanyfairdealingforthepurposesofresearchorprivatestudy,orcriticismorreview,asper- mittedundertheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,thispublicationmayonlybereproduced, storedortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withthepriorpermissioninwritingofthepublish- ers,orinthecaseofreprographicreproductioninaccordancewiththetermsoflicensesissuedbythe CopyrightLicensingAgency.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethosetermsshouldbesentto thepublishers. Theuseofregisterednames,trademarks,etc.,inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofa specificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantlawsandregulationsandthereforefree forgeneraluse. Thepublishermakesnorepresentation,expressorimplied,withregardtotheaccuracyoftheinformation containedinthisbookandcannotacceptanylegalresponsibilityorliabilityforanyerrorsoromissions thatmaybemade. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) COST COST, the acronym for European Cooperation in Science and Technology, is the oldestandwidestEuropeanintergovernmentalnetworkforcooperationinresearch. Established by the Ministerial Conference in November 1971, COST is presently used bythe scientificcommunitiesof 35European countriesto cooperatein com- monresearchprojectssupportedbynationalfunds. ThefundsprovidedbyCOST—lessthan1%ofthetotalvalueoftheprojects— supporttheCOSTcooperationnetworks(COSTActions)throughwhich,withEUR 30millionperyear,morethan30,000Europeanscientistsareinvolvedinresearch having a total value which exceeds EUR 2 billion per year. This is the financial worthoftheEuropeanaddedvaluewhichCOSTachieves. A“bottomupapproach”(theinitiativeoflaunchingaCOSTActioncomesfrom the European scientists themselves), “à la carte participation” (only countries in- terested in the Action participate), “equality of access” (participation is open also to the scientific communities of countries not belonging to the European Union) and“flexiblestructure”(easyimplementationandlightmanagementoftheresearch initiatives)arethemaincharacteristicsofCOST. AsprecursorofadvancedmultidisciplinaryresearchCOSThasaveryimportant rolefortherealisationoftheEuropeanResearchArea(ERA)anticipatingandcom- plementing the activities of the Framework Programmes, constituting a “bridge” towards the scientific communities of emerging countries, increasing the mobil- ity of researchers across Europe and fostering the establishment of “Networks of Excellence” in many key scientific domains such as: Biomedicine and Molecular Biosciences;FoodandAgriculture;Forests,theirProductsandServices;Materials, Physical and Nanosciences;Chemistry and MolecularSciences and Technologies; Earth System Science and Environmental Management;Information and Commu- nication Technologies; Transport and Urban Development; Individuals, Societies, Cultures and Health.It covers basic and more appliedresearch and also addresses issuesofpre-normativenatureorofsocietalimportance. Web:http://www.cost.eu v vi COST ESFprovidestheCOSTofficethroughanECcontract COSTissupportedbytheEURTDFrameworkprogramme The COST 2100 Action was supported by the COST framework fromDecember2006toDecember2010 Foreword COST(standingforEuropeanCOoperationinthefieldofScientificandTechnical research)ActionsinthefieldofWirelessCommunicationsstartedfromAction207 Digital Land Mobile Communications, which clarified several open technological issuesinGlobalSystemforMobileCommunications(GSM)’sspecification.COST 207alsopavedthewaytosuccessfulfollowers,suchasCOST231,259,273,and, finally,2100,allcharacterisedbylowcost,excellentachievementsandopennessin disseminatingtheresults. The scope of COST 2100 has been together broad and ambitious, yet, judging fromthisbookandmylateralexperienceasDirectorofNEWCOM++,anetworkof excellenceinwirelesscommunicationsthatcooperatedwithCOST2100,hasbeen largelyachieved. Followingthe1971statementbyWeldon“codingisdead”,whichprovedtobe totallywronginthefollowing40years,arecentpaper1 raisedthequestion“Isthe PHY layer dead?”. The authors of the paper argue that “disconnection between academia and industry has increased the perception of the morbidity of the PHY. Academicslargelyjudgethemselvesbythetheorydevelopedintheirpapers,...in- dustryisjudgedbythestockmarketonitsabilitytoturnaprofit.”Thisbookoffers thetangibleevidenceofwhatcanbedonetoreversewhatIalsoconsideranegative trend. The main flavour of this book stems from two main characteristics: a deep, unusualinthesedays,collaborationbetweenacademiaandindustryand,asacon- sequence,aconstantattentiontomaintainadifficultequilibriumbetweenrigorous theoryandpracticalconstraints. In its pages, it shows how that convinced cooperation in the area of Wireless CommunicationsNetworks(WCN)betweenmajorEuropean(andbeyond)players inacademiaandindustrycanleadtoresultsofinterestforbothcommunities. Intodayworld,acommonfeatureofthemainproblemsthemankindhastoface is complexity. Science and technology, in WCN in particular, are no exception to thisrule.Overlystressedsimplifications,betheminthemodellingofthechannelor 1M.Dohler,R.H.Heath,A.Lozano,C.B.Papadias,R.A.Valenzuela.IsthePHYlayerdead?IEEE Comm.Magazine,vol.49,n.4,pp.159–165,2011. vii viii Foreword transmitter/receiverelements,mayleadtoelegantresultsformulationbutquiteoften failtocapturetherealessenceoftheproblemandtoofferapracticalsolution.On theotherhand,industryshouldvaluemorethequestofrigourofacademiaandpush theinteractiontoprovidemoreinsightintophysicalimpairmentsofthechanneland thehardware,aimingatabettermodellingandmorerefinedtheory. PartIofthisbookprovidesanexcellentexampleofhowtheacademia/industry cooperation can advance the knowledge of the physical medium (including anten- nae)throughajointeffortinvolvingmeasurement,modellingandtesting.Thewidth anddepthoftheresultsmakethemafundamentaltoolfor4Gstandardisationbod- ies. Almostallthechallengesinpoint-to-pointcommunicationshavebeenaddressed and solved: the Shannon capacity limits, practical ways to approach them using turbo or low-densityparity-checkcodes, evenconstructiveproofs that they can be attained in some case (polar codes), large increase in spectral efficiency through spatialmultiplexingwithMIMO. Movingtoamultipointmultiuserparadigmmakesthestorymuchdifferentand offers many opportunity of open theoretical and practical problems to researchers andengineers,likecooperationindistributedsystemsthroughrelayingandnetwork coding, efficient strategies for resource management. These issue are effectively addressedinPartsIIandIIIofthebook,againastheresultofanevidentcooperation betweenacademiaandindustry. Inthefourthandlastpart,thebookmovesonestepfurtherinthepracticalrealm by applying the previous results to a few system scenarios, like mobile-to-mobile andbody-areacommunications. Whilewishingtoallthereadersanenjoyablejourneythroughthisbook,reading thePrefaceofRobertoVerdone,theChairpersonofCOST2100,Ilookforwardto seethefuturebookthatwillsummarisetheresultsofthenextCOSTactionentitled “CooperativeRadioCommunicationsforGreenSmartEnvironments”! Torino,Italy SergioBenedetto FullProfessor,NEWCOM++Director Preface This book contains most of the scientific results achieved within the framework of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action 2100 ti- tled “Pervasive Mobile and Ambient Wireless Communications”. The Action (see www.cost2100.orgfordetails)waslaunchedinDecember2006andfinishedinDe- cember 2010. Nearly 600 researchers affiliated to 142 research institutions (Uni- versities,industriesandresearchcentres)from35countrieswereactiveattheend of the project; while most of them were from Europe, companies like Motorola, AzimuthSystems,NTTDocomoandothers,wereparticipatingfromNorthAmer- icaandAsia.Theseresearcherspresentedanddiscussed880scientificarticlesdur- ing the 12 meetings held within four years of activity. This book summarises and presentsunderacoherentviewthecontentsofalargepartofthem;thoseaddress- ingthescientifictopicswhichattractedmoreinterestduringthefouryearsbrought tolargerinternationalvisibilitytheactivitiesoftheActionbecauseofthescientific relevanceoftheresearchersinvolvedandthetopics. TheCOSTAction2100inheritedfromthepreviousActionsonmobileandwire- lesscommunications(COST207,231,259,273)manythings:amongthese,astrong spiritofcooperation,averylargecriticalmassofresearchersandinstitutions,adeep interactionbetweenacademiaandindustry. The spirit of cooperation is the engine which allowed the achievement of re- sultsthatasingleresearchinstitutioncannotreach:thebookchaptersdedicatedto theradiochannelpresentmodelsbasedontheeffortofmanyresearchers,integrat- ingdifferent viewsandbackgrounds;someof thesechaptersreport measurements whichwereachievedthroughjointcampaigns. The critical mass around some specific topics, like MIMO or Radio Resource Managementof4Gnetworks,allowedthedeterminationofconcertedviewsandthe achievement of results of interest to a wide community of researchers; also, this permittedthecreationofworkinggroupsaddressingsomespecifictopics,likebody communications,ofinnovativenature. Thestronginteractionbetweenacademiaandindustrymadesomeoftheworking groups, like the one dealing with Over-The-Air antenna test methods, a reference pointforthescientificworld,abletointeractanddeterminethechoicesmadewithin standardisationbodieslike3GPP. ix
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