Personal Content Experience: Managing Digital Life in the Mobile Age

381 Pages·2007·3.28 MB·English

by  Juha Lehikoinen, Antti Aaltonen, Pertti Huuskonen, Ilkka Salminen

PERSONAL
CONTENT
EXPERIENCE
PERSONAL CONTENT
EXPERIENCE
Managing Digital Life
in the Mobile Age
Juha Lehikoinen
Antti Aaltonen
Pertti Huuskonen
Ilkka Salminen
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester,
West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England
Telephone [phone]
Email (for orders and customer service enquiries):
Contents
Foreword ......................................................................... xiii
Acknowledgements ......................................................... xv
List of Abbreviations ....................................................... xvii
Prologue .......................................................................... xxi
Chapter 1: Digital Memories and the Personal
Content Explosion ........................................................... 1
1.1 Digital Us ............................................................ 2
1.2 You and This Book .............................................. 5
1.3 Contents at a Glance ......................................... 7
Chapter 2: Trends Towards Mobility ............................. 11
2.1 The New Nomads ............................................... 12
2.1.1 Five-Second Attention Span ................................. 13
2.1.2 Continuous and Nomadic Mobile Use ................. 15
2.2 Mobile Device Categories ................................... 16
2.2.1 Dedicated Media Devices .................................... 17
2.2.2 Swis Army Knives. 20
2.2.3 Toolbox Devices . 21
2.2.4 Accessories and Other Devices ............................ 24
2.3 Mobile Compromises .......................................... 25
2.3.1 Teeny Weeny UIs ................................................ 30
2.4 Because it Can! ................................................... 30
2.5 Convergence ........................................................ 31
2.6 Wireless Revolution ............................................ 33
vi Personal Content Experience: Managing Digital Life in the Mobile Age
2.6.1 Broadcast Networks . 35
2.6.2 Short-Range Wireles . 36
2.7 Case Study: Mobile Music .................................. 38
2.8 References ........................................................... 43
Chapter 3: Mobile Personal Content Uncovered ........... 45
3.1 First there were Files........................................... 48
3.1.1 F rom File Management to Content
Management ........................................................ 49
3.1.2 Creation and Usage make Content Personal ........ 52
3.2 Categorization ..................................................... 54
3.3 Characteristics of Personal Content ................... 56
3.3.1 Content Explosion . 58
3.3.2 Personal Content is Invaluable ............................. 59
3.3.3 Personal Content is Familiar . . . or Not ................ 59
3.3.4 Favourites . 61
3.3.5 Sharing and Communities . 61
3.3.6 Relations and Asociations . 61
3.3.7 Privacy and Security Requirements ...................... 62
3.4 Mobile Personal Content .................................... 63
3.4.1 Mobile Personal Content is Distributed ................ 63
3.4.2 M obile Content is Tied to Creation and
Usage Context ..................................................... 64
3.4.3 The Same Content Types, New Usage Patterns ... 64
3.4.4 T otally New Content Types, or Extended Use
of Existing Content Types ..................................... 65
3.4.5 New Behavioural Patterns .................................... 66
3.4.6 New Chalenges . 67
3.5 Content Wants to be Free? ................................. 67
3.6 G EMS, a Tool for Modelling Personal
Content Experience ............................................. 72
3.7 References ........................................................... 76
Contents vii
Chapter 4: Metadata Magic ............................................ 79
4.1 M etadata for Consumers: A Brief
Introduction ........................................................ 80
4.1.1 Metadata Semantics . 82
4.1.2 Metadata – For Managing or Enjoying? ................ 83
4.2 Metadata Creation .............................................. 84
4.3 Metadata Maintenance ....................................... 90
4.4 Relations Give Meaning ...................................... 91
4.4.1 People as First-Class Metadata ............................. 92
4.4.2 Derived Metadata . 93
4.5 How does Metadata Benefi t the User? ............... 93
4.5.1 Tracing and Recal . 94
4.5.2 Searching . 94
4.5.3 Organizing: Sorting, Grouping and Filtering ......... 95
4.5.4 Automatic Summarizing . 96
4.5.5 Enhancing Privacy and Security ............................ 97
4.5.6 Constructing Views . 97
4.5.7 Beter Recommendations . 98
4.5.8 Reusing / Remixing / Reconstructing .................... 98
4.5.9 Smoother Transition Between Applications .......... 99
4.6 Existing Approaches ............................................ 99
4.6.1 MARC .................................................................. 100
4.6.2 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative ........................... 101
4.6.3 XMP ..................................................................... 103
4.6.4 ID3v2 .................................................................. 104
4.6.5 Acidized Wav ...................................................... 105
4.6.6 DCF and EXIF ...................................................... 107
4.6.7 Quicktime ............................................................ 107
4.6.8 MPEG-7 ............................................................... 108
4.6.9 RSS ...................................................................... 109
4.6.10 Summary ........................................................... 110
viii Personal Content Experience: Managing Digital Life in the Mobile Age
4.7 T he PCE Trinity: Mobility, Context
and Metadata ...................................................... 111
4.7.1 File Context ......................................................... 112
4.7.2 Elements of Context ............................................. 114
4.7.3 Context is Essential for Communication ............... 115
4.8 T he Challenges: Universal Metadata,
Extensibility, Abuse ............................................. 116
4.9 Yet Another Challenge: Interoperability ............. 118
4.9.1 Personal Content Device Ecosystem ..................... 118
4.9.2 Application Interoperability .................................. 120
4.9.3 Existing Solutions for Interoperability .................... 120
4.10 T he Dream: When Metadata Really
Works ................................................................ 122
4.11 References ......................................................... 124
Chapter 5: Realizing a Metadata Framework ................. 127
5.1 M etadata is a Solution . . . and a
Problem ............................................................... 128
5.2 C hallenges in Distributed Mobile Content
Management ....................................................... 130
5.2.1 Storage ................................................................. 130
5.2.2 Synchronization ................................................... 133
5.2.3 Version Control .................................................... 134
5.2.4 Backing Up .......................................................... 135
5.2.5 Content Adaptation .............................................. 136
5.2.6 Locating the Desired Piece of Content ................. 138
5.3 Different Types of Metadata ............................... 140
5.3.1 Tags ..................................................................... 141
5.3.2 Context Capture .................................................. 142
5.3.3 Relationships ........................................................ 145
5.3.4 Usage History and Events ..................................... 147
Contents ix
5.4 F rom Content Management to Metadata
Management ....................................................... 148
5.4.1 C ross Media Challenge and Metadata
Ownership ........................................................... 150
5.4.2 Separating Metadata from Content Binaries ......... 151
5.4.3 Preparing for the Future ....................................... 153
5.5 Overall Architecture ............................................ 154
5.6 Our Metadata Ontology ...................................... 157
5.6.1 Instance Metadata and the Schema ..................... 160
5.6.2 Initializing the Framework .................................... 160
5.6.3 Our Default Ontology .......................................... 161
5.6.4 Namespace .......................................................... 161
5.6.5 Metadata Schema Objects ................................... 162
5.6.6 T he Most Typical Metadata Schema Objects
and Attributes ...................................................... 163
5.6.7 Events .................................................................. 164
5.6.8 Relationships ........................................................ 165
5.6.9 How to Handle Composite Objects ..................... 166
5.6.10 URIs for Fragments ............................................ 167
5.6.11 Extending the Ontology ..................................... 169
5.7 Making a Prototype Implementation .................. 171
5.7.1 Metadata Engine .................................................. 172
5.7.2 Managing Schemas .............................................. 174
5.7.3 W hy Use SQL and Especially SQLite as
Persistent Storage ................................................. 178
5.7.4 Harvester Manager ............................................... 183
5.7.5 Context Engine .................................................... 185
5.8 Facing Real Life ................................................... 189
5.8.1 Memory Consumption ......................................... 190
5.8.2 Speed .................................................................. 191
5.8.3 Example Usage of Metadata Engine ..................... 192
x Personal Content Experience: Managing Digital Life in the Mobile Age
5.9 Metadata Processors ........................................... 194
5.10 Summary ........................................................... 195
5.11 References ......................................................... 196
Chapter 6: User Interfaces for Mobile Media ................ 199
6.1 Human in the Loop ............................................. 202
6.1.1 Searching ............................................................. 204
6.1.2 User-Centred Design ............................................ 205
6.2 Interacting with Mobile Personal Content ......... 206
6.2.1 Music ................................................................... 207
6.2.2 Photos .................................................................. 209
6.2.3 Video ................................................................... 211
6.3 Interfaces for Mobile Media Devices ................. 213
6.3.1 Why not Speech User Interfaces for Mobiles? ...... 214
6.3.2 Graphical User Interfaces ..................................... 215
6.3.3 Interaction Technologies and Techniques ............ 216
6.3.4 UI structure and Navigation ................................. 223
6.3.5 Basic UI Components for Mobile Media .............. 230
6.4 Designing a Mobile User Interface ..................... 242
6.4.1 Common UI Design Guidelines ........................... 243
6.4.2 The UI Design Process and Methods ................... 246
6.4.3 Validating the Design ........................................... 252
6.5 Performing the GEMS Tasks ............................... 254
6.5.1 Cross-GEMS Tasks: Browse and Search ................ 254
6.5.2 Get Content ......................................................... 260
6.5.3 Enjoy Content ...................................................... 266
6.5.4 Maintain Content ................................................. 270
6.5.5 Share Content ...................................................... 273
6.5.6 Multi-Tasking in GEMS ......................................... 276
6.6 The Effect of Device Category on UI .................. 277
6.7 Summary ............................................................. 279
6.8 References ........................................................... 280