Personal Content Experience: Managing Digital Life in the Mobile Age

374 Pages·2007·30.197 MB·English

by  Juha Lehikoinen, Antti Aaltonen, Pertti Huuskonen, Ilkka Salminen(auth.)

PERSONAL
CONTENT
EXPERIENCE
Personal Content Experience: Managing Digital Life in the Mobile Age J. Lehikoinen, A. Aaltonen,
P. Huuskonen and I. Salminen © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-03464-4
PERSONAL CONTENT
EXPERIENCE
Managing Digital Life
in the Mobile Age
Juha Lehikoinen
Antti Aaltonen
Pertti Huuskonen
Ilkka Salminen
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester,
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Contents
Foreword ......................................................................... xiii
Acknowledgements ......................................................... xv
List of Abbreviations ....................................................... xvii
Prologue .......................................................................... xxi
Chapter 1: Digital Memories and the Personal
Content Explosion ........................................................... 1
1.1 Digital Us ............................................................ 2
1.2 You and This Book .............................................. 5
1.3 Contents at a Glance ......................................... 7
Chapter 2: Trends Towards Mobility ............................. 11
2.1 The New Nomads ............................................... 12
2.1.1 Five-Second Attention Span ................................. 13
2.1.2 Continuous and Nomadic Mobile Use ................. 15
2.2 Mobile Device Categories ................................... 16
2.2.1 Dedicated Media Devices .................................... 17
2.2.2 Swiss Army Knives................................................ 20
2.2.3 Toolbox Devices .................................................. 21
2.2.4 Accessories and Other Devices ............................ 24
2.3 Mobile Compromises .......................................... 25
2.3.1 Teeny Weeny UIs ................................................ 30
2.4 Because it Can! ................................................... 30
2.5 Convergence ........................................................ 31
2.6 Wireless Revolution ............................................ 33
vi Personal Content Experience: Managing Digital Life in the Mobile Age
2.6.1 Broadcast Networks ............................................. 35
2.6.2 Short-Range Wireless ........................................... 36
2.7 Case Study: Mobile Music .................................. 38
2.8 References ........................................................... 43
Chapter 3: Mobile Personal Content Uncovered ........... 45
3.1 First there were Files........................................... 48
3.1.1 From File Management to Content
Management ........................................................ 49
3.1.2 Creation and Usage make Content Personal ........ 52
3.2 Categorization ..................................................... 54
3.3 Characteristics of Personal Content ................... 56
3.3.1 Content Explosion ................................................ 58
3.3.2 Personal Content is Invaluable ............................. 59
3.3.3 Personal Content is Familiar . . . or Not ................ 59
3.3.4 Favourites ............................................................ 61
3.3.5 Sharing and Communities .................................... 61
3.3.6 Relations and Associations ................................... 61
3.3.7 Privacy and Security Requirements ...................... 62
3.4 Mobile Personal Content .................................... 63
3.4.1 Mobile Personal Content is Distributed ................ 63
3.4.2 Mobile Content is Tied to Creation and
Usage Context ..................................................... 64
3.4.3 The Same Content Types, New Usage Patterns ... 64
3.4.4 Totally New Content Types, or Extended Use
of Existing Content Types ..................................... 65
3.4.5 New Behavioural Patterns .................................... 66
3.4.6 New Challenges ................................................... 67
3.5 Content Wants to be Free? ................................. 67
3.6 GEMS, a Tool for Modelling Personal
Content Experience ............................................. 72
3.7 References ........................................................... 76
Contents vii
Chapter 4: Metadata Magic ............................................ 79
4.1 Metadata for Consumers: A Brief
Introduction ........................................................ 80
4.1.1 Metadata Semantics ............................................. 82
4.1.2 Metadata – For Managing or Enjoying? ................ 83
4.2 Metadata Creation .............................................. 84
4.3 Metadata Maintenance ....................................... 90
4.4 Relations Give Meaning ...................................... 91
4.4.1 People as First-Class Metadata ............................. 92
4.4.2 Derived Metadata ................................................ 93
4.5 How does Metadata Benefi t the User? ............... 93
4.5.1 Tracing and Recall ............................................... 94
4.5.2 Searching ............................................................. 94
4.5.3 Organizing: Sorting, Grouping and Filtering ......... 95
4.5.4 Automatic Summarizing ....................................... 96
4.5.5 Enhancing Privacy and Security ............................ 97
4.5.6 Constructing Views .............................................. 97
4.5.7 Better Recommendations ..................................... 98
4.5.8 Reusing / Remixing / Reconstructing .................... 98
4.5.9 Smoother Transition Between Applications .......... 99
4.6 Existing Approaches ............................................ 99
4.6.1 MARC .................................................................. 100
4.6.2 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative ........................... 101
4.6.3 XMP ..................................................................... 103
4.6.4 ID3v2 .................................................................. 104
4.6.5 Acidized Wav ...................................................... 105
4.6.6 DCF and EXIF ...................................................... 107
4.6.7 Quicktime ............................................................ 107
4.6.8 MPEG-7 ............................................................... 108
4.6.9 RSS ...................................................................... 109
4.6.10 Summary ........................................................... 110
viii Personal Content Experience: Managing Digital Life in the Mobile Age
4.7 The PCE Trinity: Mobility, Context
and Metadata ...................................................... 111
4.7.1 File Context ......................................................... 112
4.7.2 Elements of Context ............................................. 114
4.7.3 Context is Essential for Communication ............... 115
4.8 The Challenges: Universal Metadata,
Extensibility, Abuse ............................................. 116
4.9 Yet Another Challenge: Interoperability ............. 118
4.9.1 Personal Content Device Ecosystem ..................... 118
4.9.2 Application Interoperability .................................. 120
4.9.3 Existing Solutions for Interoperability .................... 120
4.10 The Dream: When Metadata Really
Works ................................................................ 122
4.11 References ......................................................... 124
Chapter 5: Realizing a Metadata Framework ................. 127
5.1 Metadata is a Solution . . . and a
Problem ............................................................... 128
5.2 Challenges in Distributed Mobile Content
Management ....................................................... 130
5.2.1 Storage ................................................................. 130
5.2.2 Synchronization ................................................... 133
5.2.3 Version Control .................................................... 134
5.2.4 Backing Up .......................................................... 135
5.2.5 Content Adaptation .............................................. 136
5.2.6 Locating the Desired Piece of Content ................. 138
5.3 Different Types of Metadata ............................... 140
5.3.1 Tags ..................................................................... 141
5.3.2 Context Capture .................................................. 142
5.3.3 Relationships ........................................................ 145
5.3.4 Usage History and Events ..................................... 147
Contents ix
5.4 From Content Management to Metadata
Management ....................................................... 148
5.4.1 Cross Media Challenge and Metadata
Ownership ........................................................... 150
5.4.2 Separating Metadata from Content Binaries ......... 151
5.4.3 Preparing for the Future ....................................... 153
5.5 Overall Architecture ............................................ 154
5.6 Our Metadata Ontology ...................................... 157
5.6.1 Instance Metadata and the Schema ..................... 160
5.6.2 Initializing the Framework .................................... 160
5.6.3 Our Default Ontology .......................................... 161
5.6.4 Namespace .......................................................... 161
5.6.5 Metadata Schema Objects ................................... 162
5.6.6 The Most Typical Metadata Schema Objects
and Attributes ...................................................... 163
5.6.7 Events .................................................................. 164
5.6.8 Relationships ........................................................ 165
5.6.9 How to Handle Composite Objects ..................... 166
5.6.10 URIs for Fragments ............................................ 167
5.6.11 Extending the Ontology ..................................... 169
5.7 Making a Prototype Implementation .................. 171
5.7.1 Metadata Engine .................................................. 172
5.7.2 Managing Schemas .............................................. 174
5.7.3 Why Use SQL and Especially SQLite as
Persistent Storage ................................................. 178
5.7.4 Harvester Manager ............................................... 183
5.7.5 Context Engine .................................................... 185
5.8 Facing Real Life ................................................... 189
5.8.1 Memory Consumption ......................................... 190
5.8.2 Speed .................................................................. 191
5.8.3 Example Usage of Metadata Engine ..................... 192
x Personal Content Experience: Managing Digital Life in the Mobile Age
5.9 Metadata Processors ........................................... 194
5.10 Summary ........................................................... 195
5.11 References ......................................................... 196
Chapter 6: User Interfaces for Mobile Media ................ 199
6.1 Human in the Loop ............................................. 202
6.1.1 Searching ............................................................. 204
6.1.2 User-Centred Design ............................................ 205
6.2 Interacting with Mobile Personal Content ......... 206
6.2.1 Music ................................................................... 207
6.2.2 Photos .................................................................. 209
6.2.3 Video ................................................................... 211
6.3 Interfaces for Mobile Media Devices ................. 213
6.3.1 Why not Speech User Interfaces for Mobiles? ...... 214
6.3.2 Graphical User Interfaces ..................................... 215
6.3.3 Interaction Technologies and Techniques ............ 216
6.3.4 UI structure and Navigation ................................. 223
6.3.5 Basic UI Components for Mobile Media .............. 230
6.4 Designing a Mobile User Interface ..................... 242
6.4.1 Common UI Design Guidelines ........................... 243
6.4.2 The UI Design Process and Methods ................... 246
6.4.3 Validating the Design ........................................... 252
6.5 Performing the GEMS Tasks ............................... 254
6.5.1 Cross-GEMS Tasks: Browse and Search ................ 254
6.5.2 Get Content ......................................................... 260
6.5.3 Enjoy Content ...................................................... 266
6.5.4 Maintain Content ................................................. 270
6.5.5 Share Content ...................................................... 273
6.5.6 Multi-Tasking in GEMS ......................................... 276
6.6 The Effect of Device Category on UI .................. 277
6.7 Summary ............................................................. 279
6.8 References ........................................................... 280
Contents xi
Chapter 7: Application Outlook ..................................... 285
7.1 General Characteristics of Mobile
Applications ......................................................... 288
7.2 Location-Based Applications ............................... 289
7.2.1 Point of Interest ................................................... 290
7.2.2 Wayfi nding .......................................................... 291
7.2.3 Annotations .......................................................... 293
7.2.4 Location as Metadata ........................................... 294
7.2.5 Location and Communities .................................. 295
7.2.6 Other Applications ............................................... 298
7.2.7 Discussion ............................................................ 298
7.3 Sharing and Communities .................................. 300
7.3.1 Content Sharing ................................................... 300
7.3.2 Content Rating ..................................................... 302
7.3.3 Self-Expression ..................................................... 303
7.3.4 YouTube .............................................................. 303
7.3.5 Video Sharing Cornes of Age ............................... 304
7.4 Games ................................................................. 307
7.4.1 Mobile Games ..................................................... 308
7.4.2 Personal Content Types Related to Games ........... 311
7.4.3 Modding .............................................................. 313
7.4.4 Discussion ............................................................ 314
7.5 Other Domains ................................................... 317
7.5.1 Personal Training ................................................. 317
7.5.2 Movie Subtitles .................................................... 319
7.5.3 Flash, Comics, Animations ................................... 320
7.5.4 Discussion ............................................................ 321
7.6 References ........................................................... 321
Chapter 8: Timeshifting Life ........................................... 323
8.1 Metadata in the Years to Come .......................... 324
8.1.1 Metadata Enablers................................................ 326