Personal and Wireless Communications: Digital Technology and Standards

236 Pages·1996·4.22 MB·English

by  Kun Il Park Ph. D. (auth.)

PERSONAL AND WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS
Digital Technology and Standards
THE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES
IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION THEORY
Consulting Editor
Robert Gallager
Other books in the series:
WIRELESS INFORMATION NElWORKS: Architecture, Resource Managment, and Mobile Data,
Jack M. Holtzman
ISBN: 0-7923-9694-4
DIGITAL IMAGE COMPRESSION: Algorithms and Standards, Weidong Kou
ISBN: 0-7923-9626-X
CONTROL AND PERFORMANCE IN PACKET, CIRCUIT, AND ATM NElWORKS, XueDao
Gu, Kazem Sohraby and Dhadesugoor R. Varnan
ISBN: 0-7923-9625-1
DISCRETE STOCHASTIC PROCESSES, Robert G. Gallager
ISBN: 0-7923-9583-2
WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS: Research Developments, Brian D. Woerner,
Theodore S. Rappaport and Jeffrey H. Reed
ISBN: 0-7923-9555-7
PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL
NElWORKS, A. Nejat Ince, Dag Wilhelmsen and Biilent Sankur
ISBN: 0-7923-9554-9
WIRELESS INFRARED COMMUNICATIONS, John R. Barry
ISBN: 0-7923-9476-3
COMMUNICATIONS AND CRYPTOGRAPHY: Two sides olOne Tapestry, Richard E. Blahut,
Daniel 1. Costello, Jr., Ueli Maurer and Thomas Mittelholzer
ISBN: 0-7923-9469-0
WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS, Jack M. Holtzman and David J. Goodman
ISBN: 0-7923-9464-X
INTRODUCTION TO CONVOLUTIONAL CODES WITH APPLICATIONS, Ajay Dholakia
ISBN: 0-7923-9467-4
CODED-MODULATION TECHNIQUES FOR FADING CHANNELS, S. Hamidreza Jamali, and
Tho Le-Ngoc
ISBN: 0-7923-9421-6
WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS: Trends and Challenges, Theodore S. Rappaport,
Brian D. Woerner, Jeffrey H. Reed
ISBN: 0-7923-9430-5
ELLIPTIC CURVE PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOSYSTEMS, Alfred Menezes
ISBN: 0-7923-9368-6
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS: Mobile and Fixed Services, Michael Miller, Branka Vucetic
and Les Berry
ISBN: 0-7923-9333-3
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS: Future Directions, Jack M. Holtzman and David J. Goodman
ISBN: 0-7923-9316-3
DISCRETE-TIME MODELS FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS INCLUDING ATM, Herwig
Bruneel and Byung G. Kim
ISBN: 0-7923-9292-2
APPLICATIONS OF FINITE FIELDS, Alfred J. Menezes, Ian F. Blake, XuHong Gao, Ronald C.
Mullin, Scott A. Vanstone, Tomik Yaghoobian
ISBN: 0-7923-9282-5
WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS, Martin 1. Feuerstein, Theodore S. Rappaport
ISBN: 0-7923-9280-9
SEQUENCE DETECTION FOR HIGH-DENSITY STORAGE CHANNEL, Jaekyun Moon, L.
Richard Carley
ISBN: 0-7923-9264-7
DIGITAL SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES: Military and
Civil Applications, A. Nejat Ince
ISBN: 0-7923-9254-X
IMAGE AND TEXT COMPRESSION, James A. Storer
ISBN: 0-7923-9243-4
VECTOR QUANTIZATION AND SIGNAL COMPRESSION, Allen Gersho, Robert M. Gray
ISBN: 0-7923-9181-0
PERSONAL AND WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS
Digital Technology and Standards
by
Kun II Park, Ph. D.
Bell Communications Research, Inc.
~.
"
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
Boston I Dordrecht I London
Distributors for North America:
Kluwer Academic Publishers
10 1 Philip Drive
Assinippi Park
Norwell, Massachusetts 02061 USA
Distributors for all other countries:
Kluwer Academic Publishers Group
Distribution Centre
Post Office Box 322
3300 AH Dordrecht, THE NETHERLANDS
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available
from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-8603-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-1393-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1393-9
Copyright @ 1996 by Kluwer Academic Publishers
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1996
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical,
photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the publisher, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Assinippi Park,
Norwell, Massachusetts 02061
Printed on acid-free paper.
For Meyeon and Kyunja
CONTENTS
PREFACE IX
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Characteristics of PCS 2
1.2 PCS Spectrum Allocations 4
1.3 Wireless Access Standards 5
1.4 Organization of the Book 4
2 DIGITAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY 9
2.1 What is a Digital Communications System? 9
2.2 Advantages of Digital Communications Systems 12
2.3 Main Technology Elements of Digital Wireless Communications Systems 13
2.4 Source Coding 15
2.5 Channel Coding 28
2.6 Modulation 33
2.7 Methods of Creating Physical Channels 38
3 THE STANDARD BASED ON THE NORTH AMERICAN
HIGH-TIER TDMA SYSTEM 55
3.1 Overview 55
3.2 The Digital Control Channel 57
viii CONTENTS
3.3 The Digital Traffic Channel lO3
4 THE STANDARD BASED ON THE NORTH AMERICAN
HIGH-TIER CDMA SYSTEM 123
4.1 Overview 123
4.2 Physical Channels 124
4.3 Logical Channels 131
4.4 Frame Formats 132
4.5 Digital Information Processing 146
4.6 Call Processing 154
4.7 Signaling Message Formats 159
5 HIGHLIGHTS OF OTHER WIRELESS ACCESS
STANDARDS 177
5.1 The GSM-Based TDMA system 178
5.2 The Personal Access Communications System 197
5.3 The Wideband CDMA System 214
5.4 The Composite TDMAlCDMA System 215
5.5 The DECT-Based System 215
5.6 Wireless Access Standards for the Unlicensed Operation 216
REFERENCES 219
ABOUT THE AUTHOR 221
INDEX 223
PREFACE
Personal Communications Services (PCS) is a new concept which will expand the
horizon of wireless communications beyond the limitations of current cellular
systems to provide end users with the ability to communicate "with anyone,
anywhere, anytime." In 1993, the United States Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) allocated a total of 140 MHz of frequency bands in the vicinity
of 2 GHz to be used for PCS. In 1994, the FCC started auctioning licenses to
operate PCS in these frequency bands, and, at the time of this writing, the auction is
continuing. With these two pivotal actions by the FCC, PCS has taken a big step
toward its realization.
Because of the inherent nature of mobility, which is characteristic of personal
communications, wireless communications and PCS have become inseparable
concepts. In particular, PCS will critically depend on wireless technologies for the
mobile-to-network access portion of the service, which is referred to as the common
air interface. The topic of this book is the wireless access technology used for the
common air interface in order to support PCS.
The purpose of this book is two-fold:
1. First, this book presents clear tutorial expositions of main digital technology
elements employed for wireless access systems. The main objective here is to
pull together all the important basic technical elements necessary in
understanding wireless access systems at one place so that the reader can obtain
an overall view of the technology quickly and systematically.
2. The second purpose of this book is to review the common air interface standards
for PCS. There are literally thousands of pages devoted to the PCS common air
interface standards. These standards documents are intended for experts who
are familiar with not only the underlying technologies but also the process and
x PREFACE
rationale behind the written words. These reading-between-the-lines aspects are
not obvious in the written words of the standards and can be very cryptic to an
average reader. With respect to reviewing the standards, this book has two main
objectives. The first objective is to sift out and summarize important elements
of the standards, which are buried in the veritable mountain of paper in all too
unfamiliar terms, notations, and abbreviations. The second objective is to
expand, almost paradoxically, some of the more important elements to explain
the intent and significance of the written words of the standards. In order to
accomplish the second objective, various means are used. Many supporting
diagrams have been provided to illustrate important points and explain
underlying concepts. In other instances, some of the diagrams and tables of the
standards are expanded to provide details. The detailed discussion of the
standards is provided using two main standards as examples, one TDMA
standard, and one CDMA standard. For other standards, highlights of key
elements of the standards are presented.
This book is written for two primary audiences:
1. Managers and professionals involved in personal and wireless communications.
This book will provide them with a quick means of obtaining a comprehensive
picture of overall aspects which are important in the area.
2. Students and professors in the communications field. This book can be used as
a text for a one-semester wireless communications course in a graduate school
curriculum of electrical engineering.
Kun II Park
Red Bank, New Jersey
Dr. Park is an employee at Bell Communications Research, Inc. (Bellcore). The
views expressed herein are those of Dr. Park, and do not necessarily represent the
views of Bellcore or its owners.
1
INTRODUCTION
Wireless communications has a long history of commercial and military applications.
In the recent past, however, wireless communications has witnessed an explosion of
renewed interest from consumers for its application for mobile and personal
communications. Cellular phones are now widely used by all types of consumers -
business men and women, housewives, college students, and teenagers. As the
demand for more sophisticated mobile and personal communications services
increases, the existing cellular systems face limitations.
Personal Communications Services (PCS) is a new concept which will expand the
horizon of wireless communications beyond the limitations of current cellular
systems to provide users with the ability to communicate "with anyone, anywhere,
anytime." In 1993, the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
allocated frequency bands for PCS. In 1994, the FCC started auctioning licenses to
operate PCS in these frequency bands, and, at the time of this writing, the auction is
continuing. With these two pivotal actions by the FCC, PCS has taken a big step
toward its realization.
Because of the inherent nature of mobility associated with personal communications,
wireless communications and PCS have now become almost inseparable concepts.
PCS will critically depend on, among other things, wireless technologies, particularly
for the mobile-to-network access portion of the service, which is referred to as the
common air interface. The topic of this book is the wireless access technology used
for the common air interface in order to support PCS.
This book first presents clear tutorial expositions of essential building blocks of the
digital wireless communications technology. It then provides in-depth examples of