ebook img

Permian deposits of Sicily: a review PDF

10 Pages·1997·3.1 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Permian deposits of Sicily: a review

Permian deposits of Sicily: a review Pietro DI STEFANO & Maria GULLO Dipartimento di Geologia e Geodesia dell’Università di Palermo, Via E. Toti, 91, I-90128 Palermo (Italy) Di Stefano P. & Gullo M. 1997. — Permian deposits of Sicily: a review, in Crasquin-Soleau S. & De Wever P. (eds), Peri-Tethys: stratigraphie corrélations. Geodiversitas 19 (2) : 193-202. ABSTRACT The complcx rccronostratigraphic setting of the Permian rocks of Sicily is outlincd in the lîght of rhe large mas.s of new stratigraphie and paléontologie data recently collecred by several researcher groups. The Permian deposits occur mostiy as rectonic mélanges imbricated in che thrust pile forming the Sicilian fold and thrust belr. AIso Mesozoic and Tcrtiary unconipctcni rocks can bc found in thcsc méLtnges. Scvcral lithostratigraphic unies werc difïcrcn- riated among thèse mosriy siliciclastic and clasric-carbonatc deep-water depo¬ sits, spanning in âge from Kungurian up to Changxingian. The Permian deposits arc regarded as rhe originary sediraentary substraie of the deep-water KEYWORDS mcsoccnozoic domains of Sicily. Fossil associations, faciès and âges of these stratigraphy, deposits are consistent with the existence ofa wide and persistent deep-water palcogeograpliy, basin located along ihc Africa margin sincc, at least, the early Permian cime Perm ian, western Sicily. and connected to the main Tethyan domains. RÉSUMÉ L’arrangement tectonostratigraphique complexe du Permien de la Sicile est défini à partir de nombreuses données stnuigraphiques et paléontologiques récemment coIIccicc.n par différents groupes de chercheurs. Les dépôt-s du Permien surviennent le plus souvent comme des mélanges tectoniques, avec quelquefois des roches mésozoiques et tertiaires, imbriqués dans des piles d’unités tectoniques formant la chaîne sicilienne. Plusieurs unités lithostrari- graphiques, principalement constituées de dépôts silicoclastiques et clas- riques-carbonatées de mer profonde, datées du Kungurien au Changxingien, ont été différenciées. Ces dépôts constituent le substrat sédimentaire des bas¬ MOTS CLÉS sins méso-cénozoiques de la Sicile. Les associations de fossiles, le faciès sédî- stratigraphie, mentaires et l'âge des terrains permiens indiquent l’existence d\in bassin paléogéograph ic, ample et persistant, localisé le long de la marge africaine dqDuis, au moins, le Permien, Sicile occidentale. Permien inférieur et relié avec les principaux domaines téthysiens. GEODIVERSITAS • 1997 • 19(2) 193 Di Stefano P. & Gullo M. INTRODUCTION figure 4: a = Lercara-Roccapalumba-Vican area; b = Sosio area. In the Sicilian fold and chrust belt strongly tecto- nized PermianOViassic deep-water deposits occur as either duplexes or mélanges imbricated with GEOLOGIC SETTING tectonic unit.s of basin-derived Mesozoic and Tertiary rocks. A large amount of ncw stratigra¬ The Permian rocks from the Lercara and Sosio phie data was collected in this last decade from Valley areas are incorporated in the Sicanian these deposits, poorly exposed in tlic Lcrcara thrust .System, an external element of the Sicilian région and in rhe Sosio Valley (Catalano, DI chain (Catalane et ai 1993, 1995). Fhis tectonic Stefano àC Koziir 1988, 1989, 199] and réfé¬ élément consists of basin-derb^ed thrust sheers rencés therein, 1992; Senowbari-Daryan & Di thaï are arranged wirh an overall foreland vergen¬ Stefano 1988; Ko/ur 1989a, b, 1991a,'b, 1993a, ce and minor batk thrusts (Sicanian units in b; Kozur àc Mostlcr 1989; Di Stefano 1990; Figs I, 2). The Sicanian thrust System is buried Flügel, Di Stefano 6^ Senowbari-Daryan 1991 in central Sicily beneath a ihick allochthon and références therein; Gulky & Kozur 1992). consisting of delorrned foreland and satcllice- Some new liihostniligraphic units were difteren- ba.sin deposits of Neogene age and outerops tiated. New Lower and Middie Triassic rock again in ea.stern Sicily in the Mouni Judica area. unies werc described fiom the Sosio Valley. AIso It overthru-sts souihwards more external plat- the stratigraphie and palcocnvironmental évalua¬ (orm-derived tectonic units (Saccense-Hybican tions of the famous Sosio Limestoncs units) as 'well ns the dcfbrmed syntecfonic covers (Gemnicllaro 1887*1899) were revised (Di (Fig. 2). The Sicanian thrust sheets are derived Stefano 1990; Flügel et 1991). from ihe deformation of a sedimenury nntlti- Figure 1 is a simplificd structural sketch-map of làycr, consisting of up to 2000 m of Upper Sicily showing the location of chc géologie section Paleozoic to Tcitiary deep-water deposits daac in figure 2 and of the stratigraphie columns in accumulated in a Southern Tethyan domain loca- STRUCTURAL DOMAINS OF SICILY AND ADJACENT AREAS I I Exlensional areas plin - Ouflle»no7 voCs«iK»s j. . .| Ko6<io-Ca‘«b'*^)e niiil» TRAPANI ^ wPîSÎ £(cid:9632) r*-^ MaghfeDwnftnoSoumem I_1 Ap€orir«8 Chain ‘ETNA'.' I ^ I ; ‘j Mainiano 2onB&o< Die ' -1 pRiagMn ann Aana qkicka CATANIA P'a^pcene oeposüs MO'PlMCsn» synorogentc deposits CalaPro - Peloritani Siciüdi units n|igo.Miocene f tyieh urils Sail oMpmatooztoiaiCsi'Tne (rStiiacrayn ian) units. Plaiidrm (Panormide) umts b) PermotnassiC Siop« to basin (Ime^se) unjte ÏmS Foreland unltâ Piatlofm • seamount (Tiapanesa-Saccensey units Plio-Oiialernary vDicanites Fig. 1. — Main structural domains of the central Mediterranean area and structural sketch of Sicily (modified from the Structural Mode) of Italy sheet No. 6). 194 GEODIVERSITAS • 1997 • 19(2) Permian deposits of Sicily Fig. 2. — Interprétative géologie section across the Rocca QusamOra'Sicani Mountains area baseO on surtace data (location in Fig. 1}: TP, Trapanese umts (Late Tnassic MIocône); NF. Numidian Rysch units (Late Oligooene Early Miocene): SI. Sicanian units (Late Triassic-Early tertiary), PT. PeiTnlan-Carnian units; SC. Saccense units (Late Tnassic^MIocene); TE. Oligo-Mrocene, mostly terrigenous, deformed covers. The thick allochthon of Permian-Carnian deposits dipping below the Rocca Busambra Unit repre.sent the westward extension of lhe Lercara structure. tcd along ihe African margin (Sicanian Basin, In the Sosio area the well-known Permian lime- sensu Di Stefano 1990, Catalane et al. 1991). stone rnegablocks (Gemmellaro 1887) were Becausc of the Ncogene compression rhis multi- considered sedimentary klippen in Carnian beds layer was detached Irom its original (unknoAvn) (Masclc 1979)- Wc now bellcve that the Permian substrate. According to Catalane et al. (1993, ro Carnian rocks outeropping in tbis area, com- 1995). it was deformed into fliree different prisiag tbe Permian to Middie Trias.sic deposirs duplex stacks consisting of Palco/.oic-Carnian. desenbed by Calalano et ai (1988, 1991), are Late Triassic'Paleogeoc and Neogene rocks res- part of a tectonre mélange (herç indicated as pectively. So.sio mélange), which is related to the Neogene In the Lercara area the Permian rocks occur in a compressit)n and imbricated in tbe Sicanian large antifonnal structure, up to 3000 m thick, rhrusi pile (Fig. 2). 'Fhis mélange^ up to 500 m consisting of Permian and Triassic rock sliccs thick, indicates décolUfïient or Hoor-thrusts along alternating, in places, with thin .slices of Miocène which the Lace Iriassic-Tcrtiary sequences hâve clays. The extension at depth of the structure i.s been detached from tlie Peimian-Triassic .substra- documenteti by .scismic and exploration well data le. It overthrusts the Oligo-Miocene deformed (Roccapalumba I well, Caflisch & Scbrnidi di Cüver of a lower unit and is overlain by a duplex Friedberg 1967)- The repeated imbrication of structure composed of Upper Triassic-Eocene Permian and Iriassic rocks in lhe Lercara struc¬ cheriy limestones. ture provides evidence of a duplc?^'iype deforn^a- Besides the Lercara and So.sio areas, siliciclastic tion in the Permian to Carnian interval ot the deposits of supposed Permian âge, containing Sicanian sedimentary mulcilaycr. d hc firsi defor¬ cléments of algal-oolitic liniestoncs, were descri- mation of the Sicanian allochthons is gcncrally bed in the Cozzo Rasolocollo area, south of considered to be no older than Tortonian ’lcrmini Imerese (Broquet 1968). Until now no (Mascle 1979; Caralano & D’Argenio 1982) hiostratigraphic data confirming a Permian âge even though a possible older âge (Lower hâve been obcained from rhese rocks. They form, Miocene) for the duplex accrerion was suggested together with Carnian //^/o^'/W-bearing maris by Virale & Giambrone (1992). The Lercara and calcilutices, a thick allochthon crossed by the structure is inflected northwards below exploration well Cerda 1 for about 3300 m. Numidian Plysch units as well as Trapanese plat- According to Rocco ^ Giartosio (1961) evidence form units and overthrusts southwards more of Permian rocks could be fbund only In the dee- external Sicanian allochthons (Fig. 2). The pest part of this well. upward-arching and emplacement of rhe structu¬ Permian and/or Lower Triassic rocks could .tlso re is due to later (Pliocène) transpressional defor¬ hc présent in the suhsurface of the Hyblean fore- mation a.s indicated by the involvemcnt of the land, in souih-ca.stern Sicily, as suggesied by Upper Ibrtonian-Lovvxr PÜoeene syntcctonic magnetic and gravimétrie data (Blanchi et al. covers in arching as well as in breaching thrusts. 1989). GEODIVERSITAS • 1997 • 19(2) 195 Di Stefano P. & Guilo M. PERMIAN LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS présent in the flysch deposits. Also a small lacco- litic body coivsisting of a sodic-differentiated The stracigraphic reconstruction of the Permlan alkaJi-syenitc is présent in the Torrente Margana successions from the Lercara and Sosio areas is area, about 10 km West of Lercara (Vianelli ver}^ diflîcult due to: 1970). No âge déterminations of these magmatic 1. The strong deformation affecting these mostly rocks are available. They could also bc younger incompétent rocks. than Permian 2. The poor exposurcs: only a fcw small and dis- Intercalations of coarse calcareous debrites in the continuous sections can bc obscrved. siliciclastic turbidites also occur in places. A large 3. The faciès types, which consist of mostly silici- spectrum offacies-types can be recognized in the clastic/carbonate turbidires containing a large debnre éléments. Shallow-water pcbbles and mass of reworked lithoclastic and bioclastic boulders consisting of ^^orv^d Yuhiphytes bound- material. scones, TubiphyteslArdiaeolithopoYellü bindstones, 4- The lack of stratigraphie relations among rhe phylloid algae boundstones, Afez/Æ-fusuiinid different lithologie units, the contacts gcnerally grainstones-packstones, and crinoidal pacicstones being tectonic. are commonly found (Senowbari'Dàryan & Di Aware of the above limitations which bave led to Stefano 1988), A Lower Permian âge of these clé¬ debate about the âge of the siliciclastic rocks of ments is indicated by algal assemblages and fusu- the Lercara area Ruggieri & Di Vita 1972; linid.s as Psetidofusulinn (Leema) hraffti Cirilli et al. 1990), wc recognize the following Schellwien and P. vutgaris SchclKvicn (Flügcl et lithostratigraphic units, whose thickness is quitc ai 1991). impossible to be estimate. In figure 4 wc hâve Large boulders' of deep-water dark-grcy ammo- preferred ro présent the different rock units in noid'brachiopod'Crinoidal bcaring waekestone- separate columns, but we believe they belong to packstonc arc also présent, in tinclcar rclation- different deposirional areas of a single sedimenta- ships with the flysch deposits. Conodonts of ry basin. The Permian chronostratigraphic scalc Chihsiaji age wcrc found associated to aJbaillella- of Kozur ( 1989a, c) is used, tenrarively correlated cea radiolarians, ammonoids, scolccodoncs. Üno- with rhe proposed time scale adopted for the produettd brachiopods and trilobites (Catalano Peri-Tcthys program and map. étal 1991). Younger Permian rock packages are exposed in KUNGURiAN Flysch (Cacalano étal 1991) lire Sosio Valley area, along the Torrente San This is the oldest Permian lithostratigraphic unit. Calogcro (Catalano et al 1988, 1989, 1991, It was recognized in the Rtxcapalumba, Lercara 1992) as well as in the famous limestone mega- and Vicari areas and consists of a thick package blocks. of deep-water siliciclasnc curbidites characterized by reddLsh shalcs, siltstoncs and micaccous sand- San Cai.oghro Flysch stones displaying Bouma divisions, flûte cast.s The oldest unit recognized in this area is a flysch and Nemtes ichnofacies. '1 he sandsrones contain consisting of gtey to blackish pyritic shales and abundani quartz and muscovite and subordinare siltstones with intercalations of micaceous sand- biotite, feldspars and rare zircons (Broquei stones and hyhrid arenites. This unit is well 1968). A Latc Ariinskian-Kungurtan âge of ihese exposed along the riglu bank of rhe Torrente San deposits is supported by conodoms (Catalano et Calogero. The age ol this unit, hased on cono¬ al 1991). Calcareous turbidites are frcqucntly donts, is Lüwermost middle Permian (Guilo interbedded. They consist of skcletal-lirhoclastic 1993) . In the Torrente San Calogcro section grainsrone.s/packstones with fusulinids, similar deposits appear as a chaoiic clayey mass Tîibiphytrs sp., Ardmeolithopordla dasyclada- containing sandstone blocks. The age of the cean algae {Miizia sp., Epimastopora sp.) and clayey matrix is the sanie of the flysch deposits sponge fragments. on the basis of conodonts (Catalano et ai 1991). Magmatic rocks (diabases and lamprophyres) are Scattered small éléments of dark grey calcilutites 196 GEODIVERSITAS • 1997 • 19 (2) Permian deposits of Sicily wirh circumpacific radiolarians of Early whice ro grey ammonoid-bearing caJciluiites wirh Kungurian âge suggest chat these deposits hâve intercalations of reworked skeletal calcarenites bcen affected by synsedimentary sliding and are found in the Rupe del Passo di Burgio block. rcworking (Olistostrome Unit sensu Catalane et A Wordian âge of these deposits is supported by al. 1991). the rich fossil association characterized by ammonoids, holoturian sclerites, ostracods, cri- RuPE DEL Passo di Burgio Limestones noid ossicles, fusulinids and conodonts Stratigraphically younger deposits consisting of (Gemmellaro 1887-1899; Müller 1956; Bender & Débris and landslldes (Recent) Gypsiterous maris and evapohtee (Upperl Torionian * Messintan) * 71 Sandy crays and olobigerinid maris (Middlel —I Larrgnian - SerravaiTian) Sandy ctays and giauconitic arenites (Oligocène | • Lower Miocene) ' Globigertnid limestones *Scagtta‘ (Lowerl Crelaceous • Eocene) Pélagie limestones and radiolarites (Jurassic) | Cherty limeelones (Upper Carnian • Rhaetian) | Maris and catdluiites (Camian) Bedded cberts, nodular limestones and maris | (?Anisian • Ladinian] l~ ''miJnl SIliciclastrc d^osils (Permian) and (a) ((cid:9632) (cid:9632)— MJ undifferentiated Permian and Triassic deposits Sosro limestone blocks (Permian); a) Pietra di Salomooe. b) Rupe del Passo di Burgio. c) Pietra dei Saracini, d) Rupe di San Caiogero HIgh angle faultsj , Axis of syncline Fig. 3. — Géologie map of the Palazzo Adhano area. GEODIVERSITAS • 1997 • 19(2) 197 Di Stefano P. & Gullo M. StoppcI 1965; Catalano et ai 1991, Kozur conodonts occurring with a large mass of rewor- 1993a). The Rupe del Passo di Burgio ked Middie Permian faun.as (Flügel étal 1991). Limestones can be inrerprered as hemipelagic The Pietra di Salomone Limestones represent carbonates deposited in a distal slope area in debrite and turbldife sédiments deposîted in a which skelctal material, produced in an adjacent basc-oTslopc position. These rocks lormed car¬ platform, was transportcd downslopc by tiirbi- bonate aprons that could hâve been accumulated dity currencs and grain flows. Animonitic limcs- adjacent to or interlayered with the Red Clay tones of Wondian âge are a)so dcscribed from the Unit (sec below). Passo di Burgio area, south of the Pietra dei Saracini hlock (Ko/.ur 1995). Red Ctj\Y Unit (Catalano étal. 1991) This is ihe youngest Permian unit présent in the WORDIAN ClAYS Sosio area, outcropping along ihc Torrente San Ycllow ro grey clays with Wordian conodonts are Calogero and between the Rupe dcl Passo di found in die Sosio Valley in a small outcrop close Burgio and the Pietra dcl Saracini locniities to the Rupe del Passo di Burgio (Catalano et al. (Gullo ^ Kozur 1992). It consists of red clays 1991). containing fine grained silicidastic and carbona¬ te lurbidires. A ricli pelagic fossil content occurs Pietra di Salomone Limestones in the red clays, consisring of tircumpacific These deposits characterize the most famous and radiolarians, paleopsychrosplieric osrracods and fossil-rich limestone block outcropping in the conodonts. It iudicates a L.ate Permian (Djuliian Sosio Valley and two smaller blocks présent to Changxingian) age (CataJano et al. 1991; along the Torrente San Calogero valley, known as Gullo 5c Kozur 1992; Ko/ur 1993h)- The calca- Pietra dei Saracini and Rupe di San Calogero rcous turbidites mostly consist of .skeletal grains- (Fig. 3). Aitcr Gcmmcilaros careful descriptions tones/packstones with abundant foraminîlers (1887-1899) many paleontological studies were (Reichetina sp.)j Anhaeolithaporella/Tubiphytes carried out on these limeMones, prcviously regar- fragments and conodonts of Lare Permian age ded as reeJ limestones (see référencés în Mascle (Fig. 3). 1979 andin et al. 1991). Recent sedimentological and stratigraphie contri¬ butions indicate that the Pietra di Salomone PALEOGEOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS Limestones are composed by generally poorly defined thick and, in places, graded beds of coarse Faciès associations and âges of the Permian depo¬ calcareoLis breccias, aliernating co skeletal packs- sits from western Sicily couplcd with the palin- tone/grainstone beds (Di Stefano 1990; Flügel et spastic re.storarion ol the chrust pile forming ai 1991). The latier deposits prevail in the upper \ve.sicrn Sicily segment of the Apenninic- part of the Pietra di .Salomone bli»ck giving ruse Maglircbian chain, are consistent with the exis¬ ro a fining-up sequencc. The maximum ihick- tence of a widc and persistent deep-water basin ness of these deposits is esiimatcd at about 70 m. along rhe Africa margin since, at least, the Early The breccia éléments consist of placfoi m-slope Permian lime (Catalano et al 1989, 1991; Di derived carbonates. Reef-derived boundstones/ Stefano 1990, Rerntiulli étal. 1990; Robertson et rudstones prevail bur aiso floaistones and grains- al 1991, Blentlinger et al 1992; Kozur 1993b; tones are commonly observed. Sponges, Vai 1994). Siliciclastic turbidites, ns-sociatcd with TnhiphyteSy Archaeolitbopm'ella. phylloid algae, carbonate turbidites and debrices formed the richthofenid bnichiopod.s are the main frame- sedimentary lÜI of this basin during the Permian. building organisms, associated to highiy-diverse Sballow-water skeletal material and pUtform- fossil assemblages comprising fusulinids The age slope carbonate.s of well-dared Early, Middie and of most of the éléments ranges from the I.ate Permian age.s were almost continuousiy Artinskian ro the Djulfiaii. A Late Pemiian age transported downslopc into the basin, indicuring of the matrix is suggested by fusulinids and the existence of a mixed terrigenous/carbonate 198 GEODIVERSITAS • 1997 • 19(2) G E O D IV E R S IT A S * 1 Western Siclly 9 9 7 • 1 LITHOSTRATIG«APHY F08S11. CONTENT POSSILS 9 UTHCHjOGV BXNOAftieS (2) Konjr(1BaS| IGCPsc Taeieth yen I noccL«TpC«laurarT t»- [ SanSCoa«tieoo yo MuSèmbliool ci Cl«r. |C»r>*ii| Sln.»i9[up« kOi0 TAriagcuM tossil ^2 BGiavsallrvoepso ds £* Fuiutinids ^ NauMotds CHANG»NGIAN CHAMGXINGIAN (cid:9830) IjT t_ * ^^ Sl^pandnBpUi Ktpaincsi AS £4 ATmnimoboinieitse s V Bnozoarw If Crinoide DJUUHAM CUULRAM 9 • Corail f Echinodemttj « 0^ 5 SpgngM ^ Conodonts I UT \ 9 Braehupodi AaAOEH'AN MIOIAN tUÎH0l.0GŸ SEDIWENTARY FEATURES CAPITANIAN IliT A A A Brecaa» WOftDIAN MUnClABIAN Woidm îll [E3 Sands Olistolilhs 0 I Oaw m TufbUrtBe c carbonate Blolur- niT KUOeiENfIlAGNA N- KUCBXENHIAGMA N- CManlcdasr enaee, R Red — Planer PejMic lamnaiiw» carbonates CHtHSIAN BOLORIAN I Ut te [SI Bhales UH lainmalion \ Œ2 MsgmaUKs i ry RFiipnipnlge KLINGURIAN ’ \ \ \ IUT tbeocüionndiacr ies TV^T , oBpowuamrda \ Tecionic Uagmatic evenia ^ Eaternsional AnTtMSKUM ARTINSKIAN SAKMARlAN SAKMARIAN PALEOENVIRONMEWr r 1 Daeper nianne dastics ASSELIAN ASSELIAN Y///} Deoper rT«r:;te carbonates Perm ian Fig. 4. — Permian lithostratigraphic units of Sicily. de p o sits o f S icily Di Stefano P. & Gullo M. shelf area at ihe margins of this basin. Part of ihe âge and llms older syn-rift deposits must hâve clastic carbonares coulcl aiso hâve derived from originally nnderlain the flysch sequence. seamount areas inside the basin. As assumed by Catalane et aL {1991 ), the occur¬ Ackn owledgm en ts rence of circumpacific deep-water faunas in the The study was supported by grants from the italian Permian deposiis of western SicÜy suggests à Consiglio Nazionale dclle Ricerche connection of the basin to the Pcrnïian Tethys. et. 95.00389.et 05. We thank A. Baud and The most reliable castward connection oP this S. Crasquin-Soleau for the carefui review of the basin wirh the oceanic Perhys was through the manuscript. present-day lonîan basin. This implie.s a sépara¬ tion of the Adria block from the Gondwanian RHFKRENCES margin already în rhe Permian (Vai 1994), Remnants of this basin toward the easi are found Bcchcnnec 1-. 1988. — Géoiagie des nappes Hawasina in Crete (Krahl et ni 1986; Ko/.ur 6c Krahl diws les parties orientale et centrale des montagnes 1987), Kurdistan (Vasieek &c Kulinrann 1988) d'Oman, l'hese de doctorat d’Etat, Université P. et and Oman (Blendinger 1988; Blendingcr et ai M. Curie, Paris VI. Render H. & Sroppcl D. 1965. Perm- 1992). Conodonten, Geologisches Jahrbuch, Ilannovcr 82: The Southern edge of the Permian ba.sin of Sicily 331-364. was represented by the siliciclastic-carbonatc Bernoulli D., Wci.s.scri H. 6c Blomc C. D. 1990* — platform of Tunisia. Herc Middie and Upper Evolution of the l'iiassic Hawasina Basin, Central Permian deposits, wirh an upward régressive Oman Mouncain.s, in Robertson A. K. F., Searle M. P. Ries A. C. (eds.). ’J he Ceology and trend, arc wcll known, reaching a thickness ot l'ectonics of the Oman Regiori, Geological Society^ 6000 m. Faciès distribution shows a transition Spécial Publication 49: 189-202. from a rcef coniplcx belt to deep-water shaly Bianchi F., Carbone S., Grasso M., Invernizzi G., faciès rowards the Noich (Toomey 1991). Lcntini F., LortgafCtti G., Merfini S. & Mostardini Remnants of the norrhern .shelf area uf the Fv 1989. — Sicilia orientale: protllo geologico Nebrodi-lblei. Afemoric délia Soiieeà Geologica Permian basin ot Sicily could be represented by Italiaim, Roma 38; 429-458. the reworked fusulinid limestones from the Blendinger W. 1988. — Permian to Jurassic Lagonegro basin of the Southern Apennines dccp-watcT sédiments of eastern Oman Mountains. (Donzelli & CTescêmi 1970). Their signilîcancc for the évaluation of the Arabian margin ol south Tethys. Fades, Erlangen 19: 1-32. The crustâl characters of the Permian basin of Blendinger W.* I urnish W. NT te Glcnister B. F. Sicily are unknown siuce in the Sietlian chain the 1992. — Permian cephalopod limestones, Oman sedimentary coVers are rcgionally decached from N^ountains; évidence for a Permian Seaway along their original substraie whilc oceanic crust is wcll the norrhern marein tïf Gondw.ina. known in tfie easiern prosccution of rhe basin Palacageography Palaeonimaiology Palacoecology, Amsterd;in> 93: 13-20. {e.g. in Oman, Bèchennec 1988). Broquet P- 1968. — Etude géologique de ta région des The Permian basin could fiave represented either Madnnics iSidle). l'hdse de Sciences, Université de the Southern passive margin of the Permian Lille; T797. Tethys or a rifting along the Gondwanian margin C’aflisch L. &L Schmidt Di I rietlberg P. 1967. — Un connected to the rnain Tethyan domains contributo delle ricerche petrolifcre alla conoscenza deJ Paleo/.oico in Sicilia. Bollettino delta Società (Catalane et ai 1989, 1991), Crustal extension Ceoiogicu Uatiana, Roma 86: 537-551. along the Gondwanian margin could aiso hâve Caralano R. te D’Aigcnio B. 1982. — Schéma been induced by Tare Paleoxoîc mega-shears bet- Geologico délia Sîcilia, in Caialano & ween Gondwana and Laiiru.ssia (Ricou 1994; Vai D‘Argenio B. (eds.). Guida alla geologta delta Sicilia 1994). The Permotriassic deep-water deposits of occidentale, Società Geologicà Italiana, Guide geolo- giche H'giomili Palermo; 9'4l. Sicily predate, at rhe l.ate Carboniferous-earliesr Catabiio R., Di Stefano P., Chillo M. & Kozur H. Permian time, the extensional phase afifecting the 1988. — The .strâtigmphic and paleogeographic Gondwanian margin since the oldest recognized significance of rhe rich occurrences of lithostratigraphic unit is a flysch of Kungurian Pseudofurnishius (Conodonta) in pelagic Late 200 GEODIVERSITAS • 1997 • 19(2) Permian deposits of Sicily Ladinian-£arly Cdrnian scdiments of Western Valit dcl Fiumc Sosio nclla provincia di Palermo. Sicily. Atti Z4“ Congmsv Sodetà C^ologira Italûma, Fasc. 1. Cephalopoda. Nauriloidea. fîa.stropoda. Benevenio A: 11^-118. Giornale dette Scienze Natnrali Economiche, Palermo Catalane R., Pi Steiano P. ik Koziir H. 1988. — 20:97-182 First evidence of Lower Permian Albaillellacea — 1890. — T crostacci dei calcari con Fusulina délia (RadioUrivt) in the Fethyan Hurasia. Atti 74^ V.îlle dcl Fiume .Sosio nella provincia di Palermo. Congrresyo Srjcict/) Ceolo^icft Itali/iHfi. Benevento A; Meniorie delta Sodetà Italiana detle Scienze detta dei 119-123. (cid:9632)A'r. Napoli, s. 3,81: 1-40. — 1989. — Lower Permiaji Albaillellacea (Radiolaria) — 1898-1899. — La fkuna dei calcari con Fusulina boni Sicily and their stratigraphie and paleogeogra- delFa Valle dei fiume Sosio nella provirteia di phic significancc. Rt‘}tiifcv}iti dcllu Accadania aeile Palermo. Molluscoidea. Brachiopoda, Giornale Scienze Fisithe MaîemUîicht NapoJi 4 (56): 80-1 13. dette Scienze Naturali Economiche. J’alermo 22; — 1991. — Pennian Clauinpacific deep-w;ucr lau- 231-2.38. nas froni rhe western Tethys (Sicily, luly). New GiiUo 1993. — Studi stratigraftd nul Permiano ed evidence for the ptïsition of the Permian Tethys. a Triiii betagico dette Sidlia occidentale. Tes! di dot- Palaeooeostanhy Pdlaeocinnatolo^t Palaeoecoloç\^ torato, Palermo, 203 p. Amsterdam 108. Gullo M, & Kozur H. 1992. — Conodonts from the — 1992. — New data on Permian and friassic srrati- peiagic deep-water Permian of central Western graphy of Western Sicily. Ntu€i ]uhrhuch (uer Sicily (Itïdy). Nenes Jahrhuch Jher Gt^oUfgie und Geolo^iv uud Pnldontologie AbKnidluH^, Sciutgari Palàoncologie A.bhnndtun^y Stuttgart 184 (2): 184 (1): 25-61. 203-234. Catalane R., Di Stefano P., Nigro F. Sf Vitale F. P. Koziir FL 1989a. — Significance of Lverus in 1993. — Sicily Mainland and its offshore: a struc¬ Cunodoin Evolution for ihc Permian and Tria.ssic tural comparibonw/« Max M. D and Colanioni P. stratigraphy. Courier Eorschungs-lnsütut (eds.)^ Ceological development of llie Sicilian- Settekenberg. Frankfurt I 17: 385-408. Tunisian Plaifornu UNESCO Report in Marine — 198^Jb. — The TaNonomy of the Gondolcilid Science 58: 19-24. Cionodonts in the Permian and Trias.sic. Courier Catalano R., Di Stefano P. ik Vitale F. P. 1995. — Eorschun^s-ffistitnt Senckenberg, Frankfurt 1 17: Structural trends and paleogcograpliy of the central 409-469.' and western Sicily bcit: new insighrs. Tetra Nova, — î989c. — l'he ]*ermian-’l’riassic boundarv in Oxfbrd7: 189-199. marine and cfuiiineiital sédiments. Zeniralblat Cirilli S., Monran.tri L. 6l PanzanelH Fratoni R. Gçnln^if und Palaontntogie, Stuttgart 1 ! 1/12: 1990. — Palynomorphs from ihc l.crcara Forma¬ 1245-1277- tion (Sicily): new biostratigrjphic daca^ Bollettino — 1991a, — Permian deep-water ostracods from delta Societa Geologica haimnrt 109; 123-133. Sidiy (Italy). P.irt 1: Jaxonomy. Geotogisches und Di Stefano P. 1990. — The Ttiassic of Sicily and Paliiontologhches Mitteilungen Inmhruck S: 1-24. Southern Apennincs. Bollettinn délia Sodetà — 1991b. Permian deep-water o.stracod.s from Geologlcd Italiana 109; 21-37. Sicily (Italy). Part 2: Biqfacial évaluation and Donzelli G. & Crescenti U. 1970. — Segnalazionc di remai’ks to the Silurian to Triassic paleopsychros- una microbiofacies permiana, probabiîmence rima- pheric ostracods. Geologisclyet und Paliiontologisches neggiata, neîla Formazione di M. Facito (Lucania Mitteilungen tmnhritch 5: 25-38. occidentale). Bollcttitto delta Sodetà Geologica — 1993a, — Gutfodus n.gen-i a new conodont geims haliarui. Napoli 79: 13-19. and reinarks ro ihe pdagic Permian and Triassic of Flügel F-, Di Srefaiio P. Senowharl-Daryan B. VC'estern Sicilv. Jahrbuch der (teologischc Blindes 1991. — Mlcrotacies and depositional Structure of /iWr, Wien 1361; 77-8*7. Allochthonous Carbonate Base-of-Slope Deposits: — 1993b. — Upper Permian radiolarians Irom ihe The Latc Permian Pieira dt Salomone Mcgaolock, Sosio Valley area, western Sicily (Iruly) and from Sosio Valley iWesiein Sicily). Faciet, Erlangen 25; the Uppermost Lamar Llmestone of west Texas. 147-186. tahrbuch der Geatogisebe Bandes AmtattSd\^n 1361: Gemmellaro G. G. 1887. — La fauna dei caicnri con 99-12.3. Fusulina delU VaJIc dcl fiumc Sosio nclla provinda — 1995. — First evidence of Middle Permian di Palermo. Fasc. 1. Cephalopoda; Ammonoidea. Animonitico Rosso and furcher new srratigraphtc Giornale dcllv Scienze Naîurali Eimmniçhe, Palermo rcsulis in tire Permian and Frussic of the Sosio 19: 1-106. Valley area, Western Sicily. Proceedings First — 1888. — La launa dei calcari con Fusulina dclla Croatmn Geotogicat Congirss, Zagreb 1: 307-310. Valle dei Fiume .Sosio nclla proNinda di Palermo. Ko/.ur H. ik Kranl J. 1987. — F.rstcr Nachweis von Fasc. 1, Appendice I: Ammonoidea. Giômale dette radiolarien im cerhyalcn Perm Europas. Neues Scienze Naturali Economiche, Palermo 20: 1-26. Jahrhuch fuer Geologie und Palaontoîogie — 1889. — La fauna dei calcari con Fusulina délia Abhandhingy 174 (3); 357-372. GEODIVERSITAS • 1997 • 19 (2) 201 Di Stefano P. & Gullo M. Kozur H. &C Mostlcr H. 1989. — Echinoderm Ruggieri G. Ôd Di Vita G. 1972. — L’età délia remains from the Permian (Wordian) trom Sosio Formazione Lcrcara. Bollettino délia Società Valley (Western Sicily). Jahrbuch der Geologische Geologica Italiana 91: 631 -637. B.-A. Wien 132 (4): 677-685. Senowbari-Daryan B. & Di Stefano P. 1988. — Krahl J., Kauffmann G., Richter D.» Kozur H., Microfacies and sphinctozoan assemblages of some Môller I., Fôrstcr O, & Heinritzi F. &: Dorsiepen U. Power Permian breccias from the Lercara 1986. — Neue Fossilfunde in der PhylHt-Gruppe Formation (Sicily). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia Ostkrctas (Grieclienland). Zeitschrift der Deutschen e Stratigrafia 941: 3-34. Geologischen Geselbchafi 137: 523-536. Toomey D. F. 1991. — Late Permian Reefs of Mascle G. 1979. — Etude géologique des Monts Southern Tunisia: Faciès Patterns and Comparison Sicani. Rivista Italiana de Paleontogia e Stratigrafin^ with the Capitan Reef, Southwestern United Milano, Mcm. XVI, 431 p States. Fades, Erlangcn 25: 119-146. Muller K. J. 1956. — Triassic conodonts from Vai G. B. 1994. — Crustal évolution and basement Nevada. Journal of Paleontology 30 (4): 818-830. éléments in the Italian area: paleogeography and Rocco T. & Giartosio L. 1961. — Italy, in King R. E. characterization. Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed (ed.), Petroleum exploration and production in Applicuta^G: 141-144. Europe in I960, Bulletin of the American Va.sicek Z. & Kullmann J. 1988. — Eine Association Petroleum and Geology 45 (7): Ammonoideen Fauna von Sosio-Typ (Guada- 1090-1142. lupian, Ober Perm) aus Kurdistan (Irak). Ricou L. E. 1994. — ’Fcthys rcconsrructed: plates, Paleontographica A 204 {1 -3): 95-115. continental fra^menrs an rheir boundaries since Vianelli G. 1970. — Le manifestazioni eruttive délia 260 ma from Central America to South-eastern Sicilia ccntro-occidenialc. Rivista Mineraria. Asia. Geodinamica acta, Paris 7 (4): 169-218. Siciliana, Palcrmo 121/123: 3-39. Robertson A. Fl. F., Clift P. D., Degnan P. J. & Vitale F. P. & Giambrone G. 1992. — Jones G, 1991, — Paleogeographic and paleotecto- Sovrascorrimenti di tipo duplex nci Monti Sicani: nic évolution of the Eastern Mediterranean l’esempio di Castronuovo (Sicilia Centro occiden¬ Neotethys. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology tale). Naturalista siciliano, Palermo, Sérié IV 16 Palaeoecology, Amsterdam 87: 289-343. (1-2): 39-62. Subrnitted for publication on 5 April Î996\ accepted on 11 October 1996. 202 GEODIVERSITAS • 1997 • 19(2)

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.