Pattern Recognition 1997: Vol 30 Index & Table of Contents

13 Pages·1997·2.8 MB·English

PATTERN
RECOGNITION
THE JOURNAL OF THE PATTERN RECOGNITION SOCIETY
VOLUME CONTENTS AND AUTHOR INDEX
VOLUME 30 (1997)
PATTERN RECOGNITION
The Journal of the Pattern Recognition Society
Editor-in-Chief: ROBERT S. LEDLEY
National Biomedical Research Foundation, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
Managing Editor: BLAIRE V. MOSSMAN
P.O. Box 13177, Scottsdale, AZ 85267-3177
Associate Editors
M. AHMADI, Canada MARTIN A. FISCHLER, U.S.A REINER LENZ, Sweden A. RAVISHANKAR RAO,
GRAZIA ALBANESI, Italy PATRICK J. FLYNN, U.S.A JIA-GUU LEU, U.S.A U.S.A
AKRAM ALDROUBI, U.S.A HERBERT FREEMAN, U.S.A S. LEVIALDI, Italy S. RAUDYS, Lithuania
KHALED S. AL-SULTAN, JOY DEEP GHOSH, U.S.A CC EASA lr. REED, U.S.A
Saudi Arabia MARK L. GILLENSON, U.S.A XIAOBO LI, Canada CELSO RIBEIRO, Brazil
I. ANDREADIS, Greece LEV GOLDFARB, Canada PING LIANG, U.S.A MICHAEL ROBINSON, U.S.A
MASAYOSHI AOKI, Japan D. B.G OLDGOF, U.S.A MICHAEL LINDENBAUM., A. ROSENFELD, U.S.A
ROBERT H. ASENDORF, U.S.A YIFAN GONG, U.S.A Israel FRANK H. RUDDLE, U.S.A
NIKOS ASIMOPOULOS, U.S.A NIKOLAI GORSKY, Russia GUY LORETTE, France HANAN SAMET, U.S.A
HENRY S. BAIRD, U.S.A ARDESHIR GOSHTASBY, HONG-QIAN LU, U.S.A J. SCHUERMANN, Germany
RICHARD A. BALDOCK, U.K. U.S.A YI LU, U.S.A SHOKRI Z. SELIM, Saudi Arabia
HENRY M. BEISNER, U.S.A JAMES GRAHAM, U.K MICHAEL MAGEE, U.S.A ISHWAR K. SETHI, U.S.A
R. BERGEVIN, Canada ERIK GRANUM, Denmark ABHIJIT MAHALANOBIS, MUBARAK SHAH, U.S.A
J. ROSS BEVERIDGE, U.S.A WILLIAM Z. GROSKY, U.S.A U.S.A LINDA G. SHAPIRO, U.S.A
BIR BHANU, U.S.A LALIT GUPTA, U.S.A. HENRI MAITRE, France THOMAS SHERMER, U.S.A
PRABIR BHATTACHARYA, ADOLFO GUZMAN, U.S.A JOHN W. MARTIN, U.S.A FRANK Y. SHIH, U.S.A
U.S.A EDWIN R. HANCOCK, U.K PETER MEER, U.S.A YOSHIAKI SHIRAI, Japan
ZHAOQI BIAN, China ANDREW J. HANSON, U.S.A R. MEHROTRA, U.S.A M. SHRIDHAR,. U.S.A
CAROLYN M. BJORKLUND. J. P. HATON, France ROBERT A. MELTER, U.S.A JACK SKLANSKY, U.S.A
U.S.A. THOMAS C. HENDERSON, ROGER MOHR, France MICHAEL SPANN, U.K
RUUD M. BOLLE, U.S.A U.S.A RICHARD MOORE, U.S.A SARGUR N. SRIHARI, U.S.A
N. BOURBAKIS, U.S.A WILLIAM E. HIGGINS, U.S.A JEAN-VINCENT MOREAU,
M. D. SRINATH, U.S.A
ALAN C. BOVIK, U.S.A WILLIAM A. HOFF, U.S.A France
LOUISE STARK, U.S.A
ERNESTO BRIBIESCA, Mexico RADU HORAUD, France SHIGEO MORISHIMA, Japan
GEORGE STOCKMAN, U.S.A
ALFRED BRUCKSTEIN, Israel JAMES H. HOWARD, JR, U.S.A. RANDY MOSS, U.S.A
CHING Y. SUEN, Canada
J. BRYANT, U.S.A. JONATHAN J. HULL, U.S.A YASUAKI NAKANO, Japan
KOKICHI SUGIHARA, Japan
MICHAEL BUAS, U.S.A ATSUSHI IMIYA, Japan N. NANDHAKUMAR, U.S.A
SHINICHI TAMURA, Japan
TERRY CAELLI, Australia HORACE H. S. IP, Hong Kong LAWRENCE O’'GORMAN,
VIRGINIO CANTONI, Italy ANIL K. JAIN, U.S.A U.S.A STEVEN L. TANIMOTO, U.S.A
B. B.C HAUDHURI, India RAMESH JAIN, U.S.A PATRICK L. ODELL, U.S.A TORFINN TAXT, Norway
HOMER H. CHEN, U.S.A MOSHE KAM, U.S.A HIDEMITSU OGAWA, Japan MOHAN M. TRIVEDI, U.S.A
SU-SHING CHEN, U.S.A RANGACHAR KASTURI. STELIOS C. ORPHANOUDAKIS, LEONARD UHR, U.S.A
H. D. CHENG, U.S.A U.S.A Greece JULIAN R. ULLMANN, U.K
RAJ S. CHHIKARA, U.S.A E. KAWAGUCHI, Japan MASAKI OSHIMA, Japan SCOTT UMBAUGH, U.S.A
LUIGI CINQUE, Italy KLARA KEDEM, Israel DAVID W. PAGLIERONI, U.S.A MICHAEL UNSER, U.S.A
RICHARD W. CONNERS, U.S.A H. R. KESHAVAN, U.S.A Y.-H. PAO, U.S.A. JOHN W. VAN NESS, U.S.A
KNUT CONRADSEN, Denmark A. KHOTANZAD, U.S.A CHAN M. PARK, Korea ANDREW M. WALLACE,
CHRISTIAN H. DEBRUNNER, N. KIRYATI, Israel M. PAWLAK, Canada U.K
U.S.A TADAHIRO KITAHASHI, Japan YUN PENG, U.S.A HARRY WECHSLER, U.S.A
ALBERTO DEL BIMBO, Italy J. V. KITTLER, U.K. MICHAEL A. PENNA, U.S.A MICHAEL WERMAN, Israel
EDWARD J. DELP, U.S.A JACK KOPLOWITZ, U.S.A JEROME K. PERCUS, U.S.A ROLAND WILSON, U.K
MITA D. DESAI, U.S.A WALTER G. KROPATSCH, JIM PIPER, U.S.A YEE-HONG YANG, Canada
MICHEL DHOME, France Austria REJEAN PLAMONDON, Canada N. YOKOYA, Japan
STANLEY DUNN, U.S.A ADAM KRZYZAK, Canada TING-CHUEN PONG, DEAN M. YOUNG, U.S.A
MASAKAZU EJIRI, Japan JAMES §S. J. LEE, U.S.A Hong Kong MARSHALL YOVITS, U.S.A
KURT ENSLEIN, U.S.A SEONG-WHAN LEE, Korea N. RANGANATHAN. U.S.A SOTIRIOSG . ZIAVRAS, U.S.A
Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OXS 1GB, U.K
Published Monthly. © 1997 Pattern Recognition Society
Subscription Rates
Annual Institutional Subscription Rates 1997: Europe, The CIS and Japan 2350.00 Dutch Guilders. All other countries US$1451.00. Associated Personal Subscription
rates are available on request for those whose institutions are library subscribers. Members of the Pattern Recognition Society will receive the journal free of charge
as part of their membership to the Society. Dutch Guilder prices exclude VAT. Non-VAT registered customers in the European Community will be charged the
appropriate VAT in addition to the price listed. Prices include postage and insurance and are subject to change without notice
For orders, claims, product enquiries (no manuscript enquiries) please contact the Customer Support Department at the Regional Sales Office nearest to you
Any enquiry relating to subscriptions should be sent to: The Americas: Elsevier Science Customer Support Department, P.O. Box 945, New York, NY 10010, U.S.A
{Tel: [phone] 4ES-INFO. Fax: [phone]. E-mail: [email protected]]. Japan: Elsevier Science Customer Support Department, 9-15
Higashi-Azabu |-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106, Japan [Tel: (+ 3) 5561-5033. Fax: (+ 3) 5561-5047. E-mail: kyf04035@ niftyserve.or.jp]
Asia Pacific (excluding Japan): Elsevier Science (Singapore) Pte Ltd, No. | Temasek Avenue, 17-01 Millenia Tower, Singapore 039192. [Tel: ( + 65) 434-3727. Fax: (+ 65)
337-2230. E-mail: asiainfova@ elsevier.com.sg]. Rest of the World: Elsevier Science Customer Service Department, P.O. Box 211, 1001 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
(Tel: (+ 31) 20-485-3757. Fax: (+ 31) 20-485-3432. E-mail: [email protected]]}
Back Issues. Back issues of all previously published volumes, in both hard copy and on microform, are available direct from Elsevier Science offices (Oxford and New
York). Complete volumes and single issues can be purchased for 1990-1996. Earlier issues are available in high quality photo-duplicated copies as complete volumes only
Back volumes on microfilm are available from UMI, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, U.S.A
PERIODICALS POSTAGE PAID AT RAHWAY, NEW JERSEY. Pattern Recognition (ISSN 0031-3203) is published monthly, January to December, by Elsevier
Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, U.K. The annual subscription in the U.S.A. is $1451.00. Pattern Recognition is distributed by
Mercury Airfreight International Ltd, 2323 Randolph Avenue, Avenel, NJ 07001-2413. POSTMASTER: please send address corrections to Pattern Recognition,
c/o Elsevier Science Regional Sales Office, Customer Support Department, 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010, U.S.A. [Tel: (+ 1) 212-633-3730/1 888
4ES-INFO. Fax: (+ 1) 212-633-3680. E-mail: usinfo-f(@elsevier.com].
VOLUME CONTENTS
Number 1
R. Bajaj and S. Chaudhury Signature verification using multiple neural classifiers
K. Huang and H. Yan Off-line signature verification based on geometric
feature extraction and neural network classification
D.-H. Kim, E.-J. Kim and S.-Y. Bang A variation measure for handwritten character image
data using entropy difference
X. Li and D.-Y. Yeung On-line handwritten alphanumeric character recognition
using dominant points in strokes
H. Nishida A structural approach to representation of curved
objects
D. Yu and H. Yan An efficient algorithm for smoothing, linearization and
detection of structural feature points of binary image
contours
P. Sahoo, C. Wilkins and J. Yeager Threshold selection using Renyi’s entropy
D.-M. Tsai Boundary-based corner detection using neural networks
H. §. Dulimarta and A. K. Jain Mobile robot localization in indoor environment
J.-S. Lee, C.-H. Chen, Y.-N. Sun Occluded objects recognition using multiscale features
and G.-S. Tseng and Hopfield Neural Network
A. M. Finch, R. C. Wilson Matching Delaunay graphs
and E. R. Hancock
M. Prakash and M. N. Murty Hebbian learning subspace method: a new approach
D. Casasent and R. Shenoy Synthetic Aperture Radar detection and clutter rejection
MINACE filters
R. Alquézar and A. Sanfeliu Recognition and learning of a class of context-sensitive
languages described by augmented regular expressions
Number 2
A. K. Jain and C. Dorai Practicing vision: integration, evaluation and
applications
B. Bhanu, P. Symosek and S. Das Analysis of terrain using multispectral images
P. E. Undrill, K. Delibasis and An application of genetic algorithms to geometric
G. G. Cameron model-guided interpretation of brain anatomy
IV Volume Contents
S. Ghosal and R. Mehrotra Robust optical flow estimation using semi-invariant
local features
X. Zhang and D. Zhao A parallel algorithm for detecting dominant points on
multiple digital curves
J.-C. Hsu and S.-Y. Hwang A machine learning approach for acquiring descriptive
classification rules of shape contours
L. Wang and H. D. Cheng Discretizing continuous neural networks using a polar-
ization learning rule
S. J. Roberts Parametric and non-parametric unsupervised cluster
analysis
R. Van Der Heiden and The Box—Cox metric for nearest neighbour classification
F. C. A. Groen improvement
C. Decaestecker Finding prototypes for nearest neighbour classification
by means of gradient descent and deterministic
annealing
J. Cao, M. Ahmadi and M. Shridhar A hierarchical neural network architecture for hand-
written numeral recognition
A. K. Jain, N. K. Ratha Object detection using Gabor filters
and §. Lakshmanan
S.-H. Chang, F.-H. Cheng, Fast algorithm for point pattern matching: invariant to
W.-H. Hsu and G.-Z. Wu translations, rotations and scale changes
S. F. Thompson and A. Rosenfeld Growth processes based on 8-neighbor time delays
G. Cong and S. D. Ma Dyadic scale space
Number 3
W. P. Cheung, C. K. Lee Direct shape from shading with improved rate of
and KC. Li convergence
M. Garcia-Silvente, J. A. Garcia The novel scale-spectrum space for representing gray-
and J. Fdez-Valdivia level shape
R.-C. Lo and W.-H. Tsai Perspective-transformation-invariant generalized Hough
transform for perspective planar shape detection and
matching
Y. Zimmer, R. Tepper An improved method to compute the convex hull of a
and S. Akselrod shape in a binary image
J.-Y. Deng and F. Lai Region-based template deformation and masking for
eye-feature extraction and description
Volume Contents
R. K. Powalka, N. Sherkat Word shape analysis for a hybrid recognition system
and R. J. Whitrow
oe: Bi Invariant representation, matching and pose estimation
of 3D space curves under similarity transformations
P. J. Grother, G. T. Candela Fast implementations of nearest neighbor classifiers
and J. L. Blue
J. Boberg and T. Salakoski Representative noise-free complete-link classification
with application to protein structures
K.-S. Chou, K.-C. Fan and T.-I. Fan Peripheral and global features for use in coarse
classification of Chinese characters
H. J. Kim, S. K. Kim, K. H. Kim An HMM-based character recognition network using
and J. K. Lee level building
J. Wang, M. K. H. Leurz Cursive word reference line detection
and S. C. Hui
X. Yan, P. Jia-Xiong, D. Ming- Yue The unique solution of projective invariants of six points
and X. Dong-Hui from four uncalibrated images
O. Abdel-Wahhab \ new scheme for training feed-forward neural networks
and M. A. Sid-Ahmed
N. S. Friedland and A. Rosenfeld An integrated approach to 2D object recognition
Announcement
Number 4
SPECIAL ISSUE: IMAGE DATABASES
J.C. M. Lee and A. Jain Editorial
S. Gutta and H. Wechsler Face recognition using hybrid classifiers
N. W. Campbell, Interpreting image databases by region classification
W. P. J. Mackeown,
B. T. Thomas and T. Troscianko
T. P. Minka and R. W. Picard Interactive learning with a “society of models”
N. V. Patel and I. K. Sethi Video shot detection and characterization for video
databases
M. V. Srinivasan, S. Venkatesh Qualitative estimation of camera motion parameters
and R. Hosie from video sequences
J. D. Courtney Automatic video indexing via object motion analysis
VI Volume Contents
S. Sclaroff Deformable prototypes for encoding shape categories in
image databases
H. J. Zhang, J. Wu, D. Zhong An integrated system for content-based video retrieval
and S. W. Smoliar and browsing
Number 5
Y. Li and W. C. K. Wong An efficient and robust method to detect object centre
C. Chatterjee and E. K. P. Chong Efficient algorithms for finding the centers of conics and
quadrics in noisy data
M. Thune, B. Olstad and N. Thune Edge detection in noisy data using finite mixture
distribution analysis
J. Hu and H. Yan Polygonal approximation of digital curves based on the
principles of perceptual organization
K.-H. Liang, T. Tjahjgdi Roof edge detection using regularized cubic B-spline
and Y.-H. Yang fitting
C. S. Lu, P. C. Chung and C. F. Chen Unsupervised texture segmentation via wavelet trans-
form
L. Li, J. Gong and W. Chen Gray-level image thresholding based on Fisher linear
projection of two-dimensional histogram
R. Brunelli and T. Poggio Template matching: matched spatial filters and beyond
A. Hauter, K. C. Chang and S. Karp Polarimetric fusion for synthetic aperture radar target
classification
B. Pinkowski Principal component analysis of speech spectrogram
images
B. J. Oommen and R. K. S. Loke Pattern recognition of strings with substitutions, inser-
tions, deletions and generalized transpositions
H.-R. Tsai, S.-J. Horng, S.-S. Lee, Parallel hierarchical clustering algorithms on processor
S.-S. Tsai and T.-W. Kao arrays with a reconfigurable bus system
S. Fejes and A. Rosenfeld Discrete active models and applications
Number 6
L. Wiskott Phantom faces for face analysis
N. R. Pal and J. Biswas Cluster validation using graph theoretic concepts
P. Scheunders A genetic c-means clustering algorithm applied to color
image quantization
Volume Contents Vil
A. Moghaddamzadeh A fuzzy region growing approach for segmentation of
and N. Bourbakis color images
I. D. Yun, E. Jung and S. U. Lee On the fast shape recovery technique using multiple ring
lights
D. Zhao and J. Chen Affine curve moment invariants for shape recognition
T.-R. Chou and W. T. Chen A stochastic representation of cursive Chinese
characters for on-line recognition
R. Sammouda, N. Niki Hopfield neural network for the multichannel segmenta-
and H. Nishitani tion of magnetic resonance cerebral images
Y.-S. Kim, J.-J. Lee and Y.-H. Ha Stereo matching algorithm based on modified wavelet
decomposition process
A. DP. J. Cross, RC. Wilson Inexact graph matching using genetic search
and E. R. Hancock
D. E. Minsky and M. M. Feigin 971 Optimal boundary detection on grey-tone image
D.-S. Jang, G.-Y. Kim and H.-I. Choi 999 Model-based tracking of moving object
S. Y. Yuen and C. H. Ma 1009 An investigg ation of the nature of pi arameterization for
the Hough transform
L. I. Kuncheva Fitness functions in editing k-NN reference set by
genetic algorithms
Number 7
A. Cumani and A. Guiducci Recovering the 3D structure of tubular objects from
stereo silhouettes
K. Sugihara Three-dimensional realization of anomalous pictures
an application of picture interpretation theory to toy
design
C. Jacquelin, A. Aurengo and 1069 Evolving descriptors for texture segmentation
G. Hejblum
W. Li, V. Haese-Coat and Residues of morphological filtering by reconstruction
J. Ronsin for texture classification
T. Deneux Analysis of evidence-theoretic decision rules for pattern
classification
H. Frigui and R. Krishnapuram 1109 Clustering by competitive agglomeration
R. P. Velthuizen, L. O. Hall, 112] An investigation of mountain method clustering
L. P. Clarke and M. L. Silbiger large data sets
Vill Volume Contents
D. T. Pham and S. S. Dimov An efficient algorithm for automatic knowledge acqui-
sition
A. P. Bradley The use of the area under the ROC curve in the
evaluation of machine learning algorithms
L. C. Ramac and P. K. Varshney 1161 Image thresholding based on Ali-Silvey distance
measures
X. Fernandez Template matching of binary targets in grey-scale
images: a nonparametric approach
J. A. S. Centeno and V. Haertel An adaptive image enhancement algorithm
A. Tremeau and N. Borel A region growing and merging algorithm to color
segmentation
H. Shi, G. X. Ritter and A fast general algorithm for extracting image features
J. N. Wilson on SIMD mesh-connected computers
A.-B. Wang, K.-C. Fan and 213 Recursive hierarchical radical extraction for hand-
W.-H. Wu written Chinese characters
P. W. Huang Indexing pictures by key objects for large-scale image
databases
T.-W. Lin 239 Set operations on constant bit-length linear quadtrees
Erratum
Number 8
SPECIAL ISSUE: ORIENTAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION
S.-W. Lee 53. Editorial
J.-O. Kwon, B. Sin and J. H. Kim Recognition of on-line cursive Korean characters
combining statistical and structural methods
J. Liu, Y. Y. Tang and C. Y. Suen 265 Chinese document layout analysis based on adaptive
split-and-merge and qualitative spatial reasoning
R. D. Romero, D. S. Touretzky Optical Chinese character recognition using probabil-
and R. H. Thibadeau istic neural networks
J. Zhu, T. Hong and J. J. Hull 2 Image-based keyword recognition in Oriental language
document images
S. N. Srihari, T. Hong and Machine-printed Japanese document recognition
G. Srikantan
M. Yasuda, K. Yamamoto and Effect of the perturbed correlation method for optical
H. Yamada character recognition
Volume Contents IX
H.-W. Hao, X.-H. Xiao and Handwritten Chinese character recognition by metasyn-
R.-W. Dai thetic approach
F. Kimura, T. Wakabayashi, Improvement of handwritten Japanese character recog-
S. Tsuruoka and Y. Miyake nition using weighted direction code histogram
H.-J. Lee and C.-H. Tung A language model based on semantically clustered
words in a Chinese character recognition system
G. Lee, J.-H. Lee and J. Yoo Multi-level post-processing for Korean character recog-
nition using morphological analysis and_ linguistic
evaluation
K. Marukawa, T. Hu, H. Fujisawa Document retrieval tolerating character recognition
and Y. Shima errors—evaluation and application
Number 9
D. Bhattacharya and S. Sinha Invariance of stereo images via the theory of complex
moments
J.-M. Chiu, Z. Chen, J.-H. Chuang Determination of feature correspondences in stereo
and T.-L. Chia images using a calibration polygon
S.-C. Pei and L.-G. Liou What can be seen in a noisy optical flow field projected
by a moving planar patch in 3D space?
M. Umasuthan and A. M. Wallace Model indexing and object recognition using 3D view-
point invariance
R. J. Holt, T. S. Huang, Determining articulated motion from perspective views:
A. N. Netravali and R. J. Qian a decomposition approach
M. Singh, A. Chatterjee Matching structural shape descriptions using genetic
and §. Chaudhur} algorithms
B. K. Ray and K. S. Ray Scale-space analysis and corner detection on digital
curves using a discrete scale-space kernel
M. M. S. Chong, T. H. Ngee, Geometric framework for fingerprint image classifi-
L. Jun and R. K. L. Gay cation
H. J. Kim, K. H. Kim, S. K. Kim 1489 On-line recognition of handwritten Chinese characters
and J. K. Lee based on hidden Markov models
Z. Shi and V. Govindaraju Segmentation and recognition of connected handwritten
numeral strings
B. Gatos, N. Papamarkos Skew detection and text line position determination in
and C. Chamzas digitized documents
S.-S. Lee, S.-J. Horng, H.-R. Tsai Image processing on a_ reconfigurable array of
and Y.-H. Lee processors with wider bus networks
X Volume Contents
B. Cohen, I. Dinstein and M. Eyal A system for computerized classification of color
textured perthite images
D. J. Marchette, R. A. Lorey An analysis of local feature extraction in digital
and C. E. Priebe mammography
V. Bokka, S. Olariu, J. L. Schwing, A time-optimal solution to a classification problem in
L. Wilson and A. Zomaya ordered functional domains, with applications
L. V. Meisel and M. A. Johnson Convergence of numerical box-counting and correlation
integral multifractal analysis techniques
A. Gasteratos, I. Andreadis Realization of rank order filters based on majority gate
and Ph. Tsalides
Erratum
Number 10
R. K. De, N. R. Pal and S. K. Pal Feature analysis: neural network and fuzzy set theoretic
approaches
A. Malaviya and L. Peters Fuzzy feature description of handwriting patterns
C. V. Jawahar, P. K. Biswas Investigations on fuzzy thresholding based on fuzzy
and A. K. Ray clustering
S. Ranganath and K. Arun Face recognition using transform features and neural
networks
B. Takacs and H. Wechsler Detection of faces and facial landmarks using iconic
filter banks
J. Zhou and D. Lopresti Improving classifier performance through repeated
sampling
J.-W. Lee and I.-S. Kweon Extraction of line features in a noisy image
A. M. N. Fu, H. Yan and K. Huang A curve bend function based method to characterize
contour shapes
N. S. Netanyahu, V. Philomin, Robust detection of straight and circular road segments
A. Rosenfeld and A. J. Stromberg in noisy aerial images
K. J. Wiebe and A. Basu Modelling ecologically specialized biological visual
systems
Y.-H. Pao and C.-Y. Shen Visualization of pattern data through learning of
non-linear variance-conserving dimension-reduction
mapping
Y. Kenmochi, A. Imiya Discrete combinatorial geometry
and A. Ichikawa