Patrons of Enlightenment PDF
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PATRONS OF ENLIGHTENMENT This page intentionally left blank EDWARD G. ANDREW Patrons of Enlightenment UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London www.utppublishing.com © University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2006 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN-13 978-0-8020-9064-5 ISBN-10 0-8020-9064-8 Printed on acid-free paper Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Andrew, Edward, 1941– Patrons of enlightenment / Edward G. Andrew. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8020-9064-8 1. Authors and patrons – Europe – History – 18th century. 2. Philosophers – Europe – History – 18th century. 3. Enlightenment. I. Title. B802.A53 2006 190'.9'033 C2005-906296-7 This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Aid to Scholarly Publications Programme, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its pub- lishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support for its publishing activities of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP). To the patrons of the University of Toronto and to the brave colleagues who have resisted their demands. This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 3 1 Patronage of Philosophy 13 2 Enlightenment and Print Culture 35 3 Seneca in the Age of Frederick and Catherine 59 4 Patronage and the Modes of Liberal Tolerance: Bayle, Care, and Locke 82 5 Voltaire and His Female Protectors 99 6 Scottish Universities and Their Patrons: Argyll, Bute, and Dundas 119 7 Independence in Theory and Practice: D’Alembert and Rousseau 135 8 Samuel Johnson and the Question of Enlightenment in England 154 9 Irish Antagonists: Burke and Shelburne 170 Conclusion 188 Notes 195 Bibliography 247 Index 271 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments I wish to thank Judith Baker, John Beattie, Ronald Beiner, Peter Burke, Roger Chartier, Natalie Davis, Roger Emerson, André Gombay, Dena Goodman, Ian Hacking, Catherine Lu, Iain McCalman, Randall McGowan, James Moore, Caroline Turner, and Tetsuji Yamamoto for helpful suggestions in conversations or communications with me in the course of my writing this book. I owe a particular debt to Sophie Bourgault, a research assistant extraordinaire, and Robert Sparling, who improved both my grammar and my understanding of the German Enlightenment in his thoughtful reading of the manuscript while compiling the index. Donna Trembowelski Andrew was extremely helpful throughout the research and writing. Virgil Duff of University of Toronto Press provided friendly and efficient editorial assistance, and Curtis Fahey provided professional and helpful copy editing. Above all, I am grateful to my patrons, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and the Aid to Scholarly Publications Programme, without whom this book would not have been written or published.
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