Passive, Active, and Digital Filters PDF
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Passive, Active, and Digital Filters The Circuits and Filters Handbook Third Edition Edited by Wai-Kai Chen Fundamentals of Circuits and Filters Feedback, Nonlinear, and Distributed Circuits Analog and VLSI Circuits Computer Aided Design and Design Automation Passive, Active, and Digital Filters The Circuits and Filters Handbook Third Edition Passive, Active, and Digital Filters Edited by Wai-Kai Chen University of Illinois Chicago, U. S. A. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-5885-7 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti- lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopy- ing, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For orga- nizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Passive, active, and digital filters / edited by Wai-Kai Chen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4200-5885-7 ISBN-10: 1-4200-5885-1 1. Electric filters, Digital. 2. Electric filters, Passive. 3. Electric filters, Active. I. Chen, Wai-Kai, 1936- II. Title. TK7872.F5P375 2009 621.3815’324--dc22 2008048117 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface...................................................................................................................................................ix Editor-in-Chief....................................................................................................................................xi Contributors ......................................................................................................................................xiii SECTION I Passive Filters 1 General Characteristics of Filters ...................................................................................... 1-1 Andreas Antoniou 2 Approximation.......................................................................................................................2-1 ArticeM. Davis 3 Frequency Transformations................................................................................................ 3-1 JaimeRamirez-Angulo 4 Sensitivity and Selectivity.................................................................................................... 4-1 Igor M. Filanovsky 5 Passive Immittances and Positive-Real Functions......................................................... 5-1 Wai-Kai Chen 6 Passive Cascade Synthesis................................................................................................... 6-1 Wai-Kai Chen 7 Synthesis of LCM and RC One-Port Networks............................................................. 7-1 Wai-Kai Chen 8 Two-Part Synthesis by Ladder Development................................................................. 8-1 Wai-Kai Chen 9 Design of Resistively Terminated Networks................................................................... 9-1 Wai-Kai Chen 10 Design of Broadband Matching Networks....................................................................10-1 Wai-Kai Chen v vi Contents SECTION II Active Filters 11 Low-Gain Active Filters.....................................................................................................11-1 PhillipE. Allen, Benjamin J.Blalock, and Stephen W. Milam 12 Single-Amplifier Multiple-Feedback Filters ..................................................................12-1 F. WilliamStephenson 13 Multiple-Amplifier Biquads..............................................................................................13-1 NorbertJ.Fliege 14 The Current Generalized Immittance Converter Biquads ........................................14-1 Wasfy B. Mikhael 15 High-Order Filters ..............................................................................................................15-1 RolfSchaumann 16 Continuous-Time Integrated Filters...............................................................................16-1 RolfSchaumann 17 Switched-Capacitor Filters................................................................................................17-1 JoseSilva-Martinez and Edgar Sánchez-Sinencio SECTION III Digital Filters 18 FIR Filters .............................................................................................................................18-1 M.H.Er,Andreas Antoniou,YongChing Lim, andTapio Saramäki 19 IIR Filters..............................................................................................................................19-1 SawasdTantaratana,Chalie Charoenlarpnopparut, Phakphoom Boonyanant, and Yong Ching Lim 20 Finite Wordlength Effects.................................................................................................20-1 Bruce W.Bomar 21 VLSI Implementation of Digital Filters.........................................................................21-1 Joseph B. Evans andTimothyR. Newman 22 Two-Dimensional FIR Filters...........................................................................................22-1 Rashid Ansari andA. Enis Cetin 23 Two-Dimensional IIR Filters............................................................................................23-1 A. G.Constantinides and Xiaojian Xu 24 1-D Multirate Filter Banks................................................................................................24-1 Nick G.Kingsburyand David B. H.Tay 25 Directional Filter Banks.....................................................................................................25-1 JoseGerardoRosiles andMarkJ.T. Smith 26 Nonlinear Filtering Using Statistical Signal Models ...................................................26-1 KennethE. Barner, Tuncer C.Aysal, andGonzaloR. Arce Contents vii 27 Nonlinear Filtering for Image Denoising......................................................................27-1 Nasir M. Rajpoot, Zhen Yao, andRolandG.Wilson 28 Video Demosaicking Filters..............................................................................................28-1 Bahadir K. Gunturk and Yucel Altunbasak Index................................................................................................................................................IN-1 Preface As circuit complexity continues to increase, the microelectronic industry must possess the ability to quickly adapt to the market changes and new technology through automation and simulations. The purposeofthisbookistoprovideinasinglevolumeacomprehensivereferenceworkcoveringthebroad spectrum of filter design from passive, active, to digital. The book is written and developed for the practicingelectricalengineersandcomputerscientistsinindustry,government,andacademia.Thegoal istoprovidethemostup-to-dateinformationinthefield. Overtheyears,thefundamentalsofthefieldhaveevolvedtoincludeawiderangeoftopicsandabroad rangeofpractice.Toencompasssuchawiderangeofknowledge,thisbookfocusesonthekeyconcepts, models, and equations that enable the design engineer to analyze, design, and predict the behavior of large-scale systems that employ various types of filters. While design formulas and tables are listed, emphasisisplacedonthekeyconceptsandtheoriesunderlyingtheprocesses. Thisbookstressesfundamentaltheorybehindprofessionalapplicationsandusesseveralexamplesto reinforcethispoint.Extensivedevelopmentoftheoryanddetailsofproofshavebeenomitted.Thereader isassumedtohaveacertaindegreeofsophisticationandexperience.However,briefreviewsoftheories, principles,andmathematicsofsomesubjectareasaregiven.Thesereviewshavebeendoneconciselywith perception. The compilation of this book would not have been possible without the dedication and efforts of ProfessorRashidAnsariandDr.A.EnisCetin,andmostofallthecontributingauthors.Iwishtothank themall. Wai-KaiChen ix
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