Particle Physics And Cosmology: The Quest For Physics Beyond The Standard Model(s) : Tasi 2002 Boulder, Colorado, USA3 2- 28 June 2002 PDF
Preview Particle Physics And Cosmology: The Quest For Physics Beyond The Standard Model(s) : Tasi 2002 Boulder, Colorado, USA3 2- 28 June 2002
PARTICLE PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY THE QUEST FOR PHYSICS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL(S) Editors Howard E. Haber Ann E. Nelson PARTICLE PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY THE QUEST FOR PHYSICS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL(S) TASI 2002 This page is intentionally left blank PARTICLE PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY THE QUEST FOR PHYSICS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL(S) TASI2002 Boulder, Colorado, USA 3-28 June 2002 Editors Howard E. Haber University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Ann E. Nelson University of Washington, USA \^p World Scientific NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONGKONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401^02, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The editors and the publisher would like to thank Professor John Terning for permission to reproduce his lectures in this book. PARTICLE PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY The Quest for Physics Beyond the Standard Model(s) (TASI 2002) Copyright © 2004 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 981-238-892-3 Printed in Singapore by World Scientific Printers (S) Pte Ltd PREFACE The Theoretical Advanced Study Institute (TASI) in elementary par ticle physics has been held each summer since 1984. TASI was first orga nized in Ann Arbor, and was held in subsequent years in New Haven, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe and Providence. Since 1989, TASI has been permanently hosted by the University of Colorado in Boulder. Each year TASI attracts about fifty of the most promising advanced theory graduate students in the United States, along with some graduate students from abroad, and a few experimental graduate students and beginning postdoctoral fellows. The emphasis of the topics treated at TASI has shifted from year to year, but typically there have been courses of lectures in phenomenology, field theory, string theory, mathematical physics, and particle-astrophysics, as well as seminars on related theoretical and experimental topics. TASI has been highly successful, especially in introducing the students to a much broader range of ideas than they normally experience at their home insti tutions while working on their (often narrow) dissertation topics. The title of TASI-2002 was Particle Physics and Cosmology: The Quest for Physics Beyond the Standard Model(s). There were three parallel lecture series given. The Phenomenology lec ture series aimed to cover a broad spectrum of standard research techniques used to interpret current and future collider data. This series included the following lecture courses: • Neutrino Mixing and Masses, by Yuval Grossman • Precision Electroweak Physics, by Konstantin Matchev • Higgs Theory and Phenomenology, by Marcela Carena • Techniques in Effective Field Theory, by Ira Rothstein • Bottom Quark Physics, by Michael Luke • Top Quark Physics, by Sally Dawson • Tevatron Physics, by John Womersley Complementing the phenomenology lecture series, the TeV-Scale Physics lecture series focused on modern speculations about physics be yond the Standard Model, with an emphasis on supersymmetry and extra- V vi dimensional theories. This series included the following lecture courses: • Introduction to Super symmetry, by Carlos Wagner • Non-perturbative Techniques in Supersymmetry, by John Terning • The $upersymmetric Flavor Problem, by Ann Nelson • Kaluza-Klein Theory and Large Extra Dimensions, by Keith Dienes • New Ideas in Symmetry Breaking, by Mariano Quiros • Extra Dimensions and Branes, by Csaba Csaki • Deconstruction, by Andrew Cohen • Strings for Pedestrians, by Mir jam Cvetic Finally, in recognition of the increasingly important role of astrophysics and cosmology in modern particle physics as we seek to find a single de scription of physics that can be used at all distance and energy scales, the traditional particle physics lecture series was supplemented by an Astropar- ticle Physics lecture series. In this series of courses, after an introduction to cosmology, we learned about the current dark matter paradigms; the recent exciting discovery of dark energy and its implications; the implications of the observation of the cosmic microwave background, its acoustic peaks and polarization; and the upcoming era of gravitational wave astronomy. The Astroparticle Physics lecture series included the following lecture courses: • Introduction to Cosmology, by Sean Carroll • Dark Matter, by Keith Olive • Dark Energy, by Joshua Frieman • The Cosmic Microwave Background, by Mathias Zaldariagga • Gravitational Waves, by Alessandra Buonanno The Scientific Program was organized by Howard Haber and Ann Nel son, with invaluable assistance provided by the local director, K.T. Mahan- thappa. In addition, we would especially like to acknowledge Kathy Oliver for efficient secretarial help; Mu-Chun Chen and Alex Flournoy for help in the day-to-day running of TASI; Tom DeGrand for assisting participants with computer related matters and also leading the weekend hikes; Dan Hooper and Bjorn O. Lange for organizing student seminars; and the Na tional Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy and University of Colorado for providing the facilities and financial support. Howard E. Haber and Ann Nelson TASI-02 Program Co-directors January 30, 2004 CONTENTS Preface v Lecturers, local organizing committee and directors ix Student seminars xii PART I: Phenomenology Lecture Series Neutrinos 5 Yuval Grossman Precision Electroweak Physics 51 Konstantin Matchev Effective Field Theories 101 Ira Z. Rothstein Bottom Quark Physics and the Heavy Quark Expansion 193 Michael Luke The Top Quark, QCD and New Physics 245 Sally Dawson Tevatron Physics 303 John Womersley PART II: TeV-Scale Physics Lecture Series Non-perturbative Supersymmetry 343 John Terning New Directions for New Dimensions: Kaluza-Klein Theory, Large Extra Dimensions and the Brane World • 447 Keith R. Dienes viii New Ideas in Symmetry Breaking 549 Mariano Quiros Extra Dimensions and Branes 605 Csaba Csaki PART III: Astroparticle Physics Lecture Series Introduction to Cosmology 703 Mark Trodden and Sean M. Carroll Dark Matter 797 Keith A. Olive Gravitational Waves from the Early Universe 855 Alessandra Buonanno Lecturers Name (Institution) Alessandra Buonanno California Institute of Technology Marcela Carena Fermilab Sean Carroll Enrico Fermi Institute Andrew Cohen Boston University Csaba Csaki Cornell University Mir jam Cvetic University of Pennsylvania Sally Dawson Brookhaven National Laboratory Keith Dienes University of Arizona Joshua Prieman Fermilab Yuval Grossman Israel Institute of Technology, Technion Michael Luke University of Toronto Konstantin Matchev University of Florida Ann Nelson University of Washington Keith Olive University of Minnesota Mariano Quiros Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona Ira Rothstein Carnegie Mellon University John Terning Los Alamos National Laboratory Carlos Wagner Argonne National Laboratory John Womersley Fermilab Matias Zaldarriaga New York University Local Organizing Committee Name (Institution) Shanta DeAlwis University of Colorado Tom DeGrand University of Colorado Anna Hasenfratz University of Colorado K.T. Mahanthappa University of Colorado
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