Table Of ContentParadiTghmosu,g ht,
andL anguage
ParadmisT,h ouht,
g g
andL anguea
g
IvanMaa rkov&
DepartomfPe scnythl oogy
UniverosfSi ttyi rling
JOHN WILEY S&O NS
ChichestNeerw YorBkr isbanTeo rontSoi ngapore
· · · ·
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No parotf t hibso okm ayb er eprodubcyea dn ym eansn,o r
transmitntoerdt ,r ansliantteaod m achinel anguage
withotuhtew rittpeenr missoifto hne p ublisher.
LibraroyfC ongCreastalosg ining P ublieatWDna ta:
MarkovIav,an a.
Paradigthmosu,g hatn,d l anguage.
1.L anguages-Philos2o.Tp hhyo.u ghatn dt hinking.
3.C artesilainn guis4t.iP chse.n omenology.
I.T itle.
P106.M35 121 .8 1-22022
AACR2
ISBN0 4711 01966
British LibraCrya taloguining P ublicatWDna til:
MarkovIav,an a
Paradigmtsh,o ughatn,dl anguage.
1.P sychology
I.T itle
150 BF145
ISBN0 4711 01966
Typesebty I nforuLmt dP,o rtsmouth
Printeda tP itmaPnr esLst d.B,a th
Tom ym other
and
tot hmee moorfym fya ther
Contents
Prefac..e.. .................................................................................................... xi
Chapte1r Presuppositianodn sP aradig.ms.. .................... ................1... . ....
1.T1h pe risoofnp resupp.o.s.i..t..i....o....n......s...........................1. ......
12. Parad.i..g..m..s.................................2... ........................... ................
13. Presuppaonsgdie tnieornasl iniz sactiie.o.nn...c.s . e.. .. ... ... ...... 3. .. .. .
1.4S cieanncpdeh ilosy.o...p...h................................................. ...4.. ....
1.5T hce oplsloeafp arad.i...g......m.s. ................................................ 5
16. TheC artesiHaeng ealfrniadam ne wofrotkrhs se t udy of
thuoghatn lda ngu.a.g.e... ..................................................... ..6. ..
PARTI THE CARTESIPAANRA DIGFMO RT HE STUDOYF
THOUGHTA NDL ANGUAGE
Chapte2r TheI ndividuina tlh eC artesianP aradigm. ........................... 13
21. Introd..u...c..t....i.....o..n... ........................................................... 13
2.2C ogietrogs,ou m . ..............:.................................. .........1...5.. .........
2.3T heC otgoic,o cnisuossnsea,n rde flec.t.i.o.n. . 17
. . /\........................
2.4T hew orld-of-coanntsdhc weio orulsdn-ein.s.-.s..i. .t...s.:..e. 2.l.0f . .
2.5K nowliecdseg ret .a.in..t..y... ................................21... ................... .
2.6I ntuiatnido undc etd.i...o...n... .....................................................2 2
2.7C oncl..u..s..i...o....n...... ...............................................................2.3
Chapte3r TheS tandardo fKn owledgise External:T heC ase of
DeductiRveea soning.......................2.4. .....................................
3.1T hlea swo ft huogh...t.... ......................................................2..4.. ...
3.2P roposliotgi.io.....cn..... a...l..... .................................................... 27
3.3S ylloagnicdso mnsd itpiroonbal....le.. m...s.. ...............................2 9
3.4E ncodainnedgr r..o...r.. ........................................................3...3. ..
3.5C ompanrttamleizaantedirr oo.n...r. ...........................................3. 6
3.6T hle ogiccaallca usaly uasr ds....t...i..c...k.... .............................3.8
3.7C oncl.u...s.....i..o..n.... ............................................................4..0.. ..
vii
viii
Chapt4e Trh eS taatnidcPr edetermNianteurodefI deas,
ConceapntdIsn ,t ernal Rep..r .e.s..e..n.ta...t.. i..o.n.4.s.1 .. ..........
4.1Th ei nniadteeo afts h e nraialst.ti.so. ........................4.1. ................
42. TheC hmoskyraenv ol.u.t.i.o...n............................4.3 .....................
4.3T hes oluotfLi oocn.k ..e...........................................4...5... .............
4.4T hie deasc noacnedop ftts he em irpic.i...s..t....s ... .............4.6. ......
4.5T hem eanngiosfw or.d.s...............49. .............................................
4.6K anta' psr imoordioe fsk nolwed..g ..e.. .. .............5..2.. ..................
47. Kanatn idn terrneaeplsr ent.a.t.i.on.s. ..........5..4.. ................ ...........
Chapt5e Trh ePass ivityo ft hKneo weinr thAec quisitioofn
Knowled..g.. e. .................. ...... ..... ............... ....... ......6....0.... .......
5.1T hev ieowfts h Cea rstiepahnil oophses.r ... ... .. . . . ....... ... ... .. ... .. .. .6. 0
52. Thep icttuhreye.o r...................................................6....3.... ........ ..
5.3O ne-wianoyfr moan-tpirocessytsseinmg..s .... .....................6 .6. ......
54. Thfilet erm odl.e .....................................................................6 .8. ..
55. Neisspeoirstn':isp o ercecphtainotgnhe pese ricvree ............7.0. ..
56. Thelm iitosfc acpiaitnoy n wea-syy smts.e ................................7.2
5.7M indsa ncdo mutpe.r.s. .............................7..3.. ..............................
5.8T heag loritnhamtiuocrfc eo gniptrcioevse.s .e.s. ....7.5. ..................
5.9T hes eparoafct oigonnni fr tomi iotesm bdoime.n...t... ....7.7. ........
Chapt6 eMre chnaimss,C ausaensdE, ff ec.t.s. ...........8.0. ...........................
6.1Th we oralsadr atisoynsmat .le. ..................8.0. .............................
62. Hierarscthruicctinau lcr oegsn iptsiyvceh o.l...o...g..y. ..8.2 ............
.
6.3I nvarainahdnom tosg eunset oim.e. ...................8..9.. .....................
6.4C ausaensed ffe c.t...s.............................................9....2.. ................
6.5P uproseafuclt .i.on.. .............................................9...3... .................
6.6P urpoesxepfalutalin ioninn o fmration-p.r..o.c.e.s.s.in9.g5. ............
67. Mechaniasnomdrs g iasn.ms......................................9..7.. ..............
PARTI IT HEHE GELIAFNR AMEWORKF ORT HE STUYD OF
THOUGTH ANDL ANGUAEG
Chapt7e Trh eIn dividual int hHee gelFiraamne work.........1.30.. .............
71. Introduction 130
..............................................................................
72. Expresistsi horene alnizo aftt hiieon div.i..d..u..a.l...1.40 ..............
7.3Ex prsesiaonncd o sncuison.e.s..s................................1..60.. ...........
7.4T hwe orflodcr-o-nscioauntsdhn weeo slrsdin --tis.e..l...f.... .......18 0
75. Phenomenal .k.n.o..w..l..e..d..g..e. .........1.21. .................................
Chapt8e Trh eD evelopomfCe onnts cioinus Hneegsesl 's
PhenomenoofMl iong.dy.. . ... ..... .. .. .. .. . ... .. . ... . ..... ... ..... 1 . ..61.. . ....
8.1C oncsioussssn:ee ncseer-t.a.in.t.y...............1..7.1. ...........................
8.2U nirvslesap,a rtuliacrasni,dn vdiuidal.s. ...........1..2..0.. . .................
8.3C oncsiuossnsep:ec rept.i.o.n. ................1..42.. .................. ..............
8.4C onsucseinsousnd:e rsdntiga... n...........................................1 .2.6. ..
ix
8.5S elnfs-occuiosn..e..s....s... .........................................1..7.2
. . . .. . . . . .. ...
8.6M astaenrsd l a..v...e.... ....................................................1 92
. . . ... . . ..
8.7M ans'aesr cfhor re cnotigio..n.. ....................................1..3.2
. . ... . .. ..
8.8C reatainvadic ttyiin v tihtaeyc quiosfik tnioowgnle. e .d.....1..3 .5. ...
8.9C oncl.u.s....i..o..n.... ............................................1.3.8
. .. .. ... .. . .. . . . . .. ... .
Chapt9e Trh eI nteraNcattuirovefeM in.d..... .....................................1 04
9.1A cnoversoafgt eisotn.u .r....e.....s... ................ ......1 .04
. . . .. .. ......... . ..
9.2S yncharnordne yc ipirnmo ocitethriy-n fianntte r.a..c.t..i.1.o5 4n
. ..
9.3I ntejrcestuibhvaitsto y tbkaeen f ogrr adni tnoe rdteor be
achi.e.v.ed.................................1..4..9.. .......................................
9.4I nteercstuibivjnict hyid ledv eleon.p.t.m. .............1..5 ..4. ................
9.5I nteertcsiuvbinij atdylu cto mmnuitcia.o.n.........1. 5.9. ....................
Chapt1e0r T heA ctiovfitt hyKe n owine rt hAec quisitoifo n
Knowle..d.g ...e. ... .... . .... . .. .. . . .. ... ... . ... ..... . . ..... ... . .. . . . . . . . .... 1 ...26 . .
.
10.T1h el awosft huoghti nt hHee gelfriaamne w.o.r...k.. .......1. 62
.. ... . .
1.02F ormallo gaincHd e gellioaginni p cs ych.ol.o.g.y. ..1.66. ...............
1.03T hen tauroefln aguagaen cdo enpct.s.. ..........................1 .96.
.. . .. . ..
1.04T hree flenxaitvuoer fte h gohu..t.. .........................1 37
.. . . . ... ... ... .....
1.05T hem inadsa d ynawmhiloce. . ..........................................1 47
... . . .
10.K6no wlgeedi asc uiqrtehdr oau' gchi rrecurntlien wgi thin
its.e.l.f.......................................................1...7...8.. ....................
Chapt1e1r P aradiangdmS sc ienMteifitch ino dP sychology.1.48. .............
1.11C artesainaHdne gelsicaine.. n..c..e.. ....................1 48
. . ... .... ..... .... ..
112. Theory-ladaenntdnh neees ust roafsl ciniittefiyc
obsveart.i.on.. ................................ ......1..88. ...............................
1.13R esceham retdhsino psych.o..l..o...gy..... .....................1 39
. . . . . . ... . ..
11.4U niveprasrtaulilacsra,s nr,de asrecmhe thiond s
psycho.l .o.. g.. y .. ....... . . ... . ..... . ..... . .. ...... .. . ... .... . . ...... . . ... 1 ..6.9 .. .. .. . . .
.
11.5N oatc noclus..i....o.n... ......................................2 ..0.3.
. .. .... . . ... . . . . . . ..
Notes 204
........................................................................................................
Refere.n..c..e...s. ............................................................2 .0.5
. . .... . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . .. .
Ind..e.x.. ............................................ ............................218
. . . . . .. .. ...... .. .. . . .. . .. .
