Paradigms, Thought and Language PDF
Preview Paradigms, Thought and Language
ParadiTghmosu,g ht, andL anguage ParadmisT,h ouht, g g andL anguea g IvanMaa rkov& DepartomfPe scnythl oogy UniverosfSi ttyi rling JOHN WILEY S&O NS ChichestNeerw YorBkr isbanTeo rontSoi ngapore · · · · Copyri�gh 1t9 82b yJ ohnW ile&y SonLst d. Allr ighrtess erved. No parotf t hibso okm ayb er eprodubcyea dn ym eansn,o r transmitntoerdt ,r ansliantteaod m achinel anguage withotuhtew rittpeenr missoifto hne p ublisher. LibraroyfC ongCreastalosg ining P ublieatWDna ta: MarkovIav,an a. Paradigthmosu,g hatn,d l anguage. 1.L anguages-Philos2o.Tp hhyo.u ghatn dt hinking. 3.C artesilainn guis4t.iP chse.n omenology. I.T itle. P106.M35 121 .8 1-22022 AACR2 ISBN0 4711 01966 British LibraCrya taloguining P ublicatWDna til: MarkovIav,an a Paradigmtsh,o ughatn,dl anguage. 1.P sychology I.T itle 150 BF145 ISBN0 4711 01966 Typesebty I nforuLmt dP,o rtsmouth Printeda tP itmaPnr esLst d.B,a th Tom ym other and tot hmee moorfym fya ther Contents Prefac..e.. .................................................................................................... xi Chapte1r Presuppositianodn sP aradig.ms.. .................... ................1... . .... 1.T1h pe risoofnp resupp.o.s.i..t..i....o....n......s...........................1. ...... 12. Parad.i..g..m..s.................................2... ........................... ................ 13. Presuppaonsgdie tnieornasl iniz sactiie.o.nn...c.s . e.. .. ... ... ...... 3. .. .. . 1.4S cieanncpdeh ilosy.o...p...h................................................. ...4.. .... 1.5T hce oplsloeafp arad.i...g......m.s. ................................................ 5 16. TheC artesiHaeng ealfrniadam ne wofrotkrhs se t udy of thuoghatn lda ngu.a.g.e... ..................................................... ..6. .. PARTI THE CARTESIPAANRA DIGFMO RT HE STUDOYF THOUGHTA NDL ANGUAGE Chapte2r TheI ndividuina tlh eC artesianP aradigm. ........................... 13 21. Introd..u...c..t....i.....o..n... ........................................................... 13 2.2C ogietrogs,ou m . ..............:.................................. .........1...5.. ......... 2.3T heC otgoic,o cnisuossnsea,n rde flec.t.i.o.n. . 17 . . /\........................ 2.4T hew orld-of-coanntsdhc weio orulsdn-ein.s.-.s..i. .t...s.:..e. 2.l.0f . . 2.5K nowliecdseg ret .a.in..t..y... ................................21... ................... . 2.6I ntuiatnido undc etd.i...o...n... .....................................................2 2 2.7C oncl..u..s..i...o....n...... ...............................................................2.3 Chapte3r TheS tandardo fKn owledgise External:T heC ase of DeductiRveea soning.......................2.4. ..................................... 3.1T hlea swo ft huogh...t.... ......................................................2..4.. ... 3.2P roposliotgi.io.....cn..... a...l..... .................................................... 27 3.3S ylloagnicdso mnsd itpiroonbal....le.. m...s.. ...............................2 9 3.4E ncodainnedgr r..o...r.. ........................................................3...3. .. 3.5C ompanrttamleizaantedirr oo.n...r. ...........................................3. 6 3.6T hle ogiccaallca usaly uasr ds....t...i..c...k.... .............................3.8 3.7C oncl.u...s.....i..o..n.... ............................................................4..0.. .. vii viii Chapt4e Trh eS taatnidcPr edetermNianteurodefI deas, ConceapntdIsn ,t ernal Rep..r .e.s..e..n.ta...t.. i..o.n.4.s.1 .. .......... 4.1Th ei nniadteeo afts h e nraialst.ti.so. ........................4.1. ................ 42. TheC hmoskyraenv ol.u.t.i.o...n............................4.3 ..................... 4.3T hes oluotfLi oocn.k ..e...........................................4...5... ............. 4.4T hie deasc noacnedop ftts he em irpic.i...s..t....s ... .............4.6. ...... 4.5T hem eanngiosfw or.d.s...............49. ............................................. 4.6K anta' psr imoordioe fsk nolwed..g ..e.. .. .............5..2.. .................. 47. Kanatn idn terrneaeplsr ent.a.t.i.on.s. ..........5..4.. ................ ........... Chapt5e Trh ePass ivityo ft hKneo weinr thAec quisitioofn Knowled..g.. e. .................. ...... ..... ............... ....... ......6....0.... ....... 5.1T hev ieowfts h Cea rstiepahnil oophses.r ... ... .. . . . ....... ... ... .. ... .. .. .6. 0 52. Thep icttuhreye.o r...................................................6....3.... ........ .. 5.3O ne-wianoyfr moan-tpirocessytsseinmg..s .... .....................6 .6. ...... 54. Thfilet erm odl.e .....................................................................6 .8. .. 55. Neisspeoirstn':isp o ercecphtainotgnhe pese ricvree ............7.0. .. 56. Thelm iitosfc acpiaitnoy n wea-syy smts.e ................................7.2 5.7M indsa ncdo mutpe.r.s. .............................7..3.. .............................. 5.8T heag loritnhamtiuocrfc eo gniptrcioevse.s .e.s. ....7.5. .................. 5.9T hes eparoafct oigonnni fr tomi iotesm bdoime.n...t... ....7.7. ........ Chapt6 eMre chnaimss,C ausaensdE, ff ec.t.s. ...........8.0. ........................... 6.1Th we oralsadr atisoynsmat .le. ..................8.0. ............................. 62. Hierarscthruicctinau lcr oegsn iptsiyvceh o.l...o...g..y. ..8.2 ............ . 6.3I nvarainahdnom tosg eunset oim.e. ...................8..9.. ..................... 6.4C ausaensed ffe c.t...s.............................................9....2.. ................ 6.5P uproseafuclt .i.on.. .............................................9...3... ................. 6.6P urpoesxepfalutalin ioninn o fmration-p.r..o.c.e.s.s.in9.g5. ............ 67. Mechaniasnomdrs g iasn.ms......................................9..7.. .............. PARTI IT HEHE GELIAFNR AMEWORKF ORT HE STUYD OF THOUGTH ANDL ANGUAEG Chapt7e Trh eIn dividual int hHee gelFiraamne work.........1.30.. ............. 71. Introduction 130 .............................................................................. 72. Expresistsi horene alnizo aftt hiieon div.i..d..u..a.l...1.40 .............. 7.3Ex prsesiaonncd o sncuison.e.s..s................................1..60.. ........... 7.4T hwe orflodcr-o-nscioauntsdhn weeo slrsdin --tis.e..l...f.... .......18 0 75. Phenomenal .k.n.o..w..l..e..d..g..e. .........1.21. ................................. Chapt8e Trh eD evelopomfCe onnts cioinus Hneegsesl 's PhenomenoofMl iong.dy.. . ... ..... .. .. .. .. . ... .. . ... . ..... ... ..... 1 . ..61.. . .... 8.1C oncsioussssn:ee ncseer-t.a.in.t.y...............1..7.1. ........................... 8.2U nirvslesap,a rtuliacrasni,dn vdiuidal.s. ...........1..2..0.. . ................. 8.3C oncsiuossnsep:ec rept.i.o.n. ................1..42.. .................. .............. 8.4C onsucseinsousnd:e rsdntiga... n...........................................1 .2.6. .. ix 8.5S elnfs-occuiosn..e..s....s... .........................................1..7.2 . . . .. . . . . .. ... 8.6M astaenrsd l a..v...e.... ....................................................1 92 . . . ... . . .. 8.7M ans'aesr cfhor re cnotigio..n.. ....................................1..3.2 . . ... . .. .. 8.8C reatainvadic ttyiin v tihtaeyc quiosfik tnioowgnle. e .d.....1..3 .5. ... 8.9C oncl.u.s....i..o..n.... ............................................1.3.8 . .. .. ... .. . .. . . . . .. ... . Chapt9e Trh eI nteraNcattuirovefeM in.d..... .....................................1 04 9.1A cnoversoafgt eisotn.u .r....e.....s... ................ ......1 .04 . . . .. .. ......... . .. 9.2S yncharnordne yc ipirnmo ocitethriy-n fianntte r.a..c.t..i.1.o5 4n . .. 9.3I ntejrcestuibhvaitsto y tbkaeen f ogrr adni tnoe rdteor be achi.e.v.ed.................................1..4..9.. ....................................... 9.4I nteercstuibivjnict hyid ledv eleon.p.t.m. .............1..5 ..4. ................ 9.5I nteertcsiuvbinij atdylu cto mmnuitcia.o.n.........1. 5.9. .................... Chapt1e0r T heA ctiovfitt hyKe n owine rt hAec quisitoifo n Knowle..d.g ...e. ... .... . .... . .. .. . . .. ... ... . ... ..... . . ..... ... . .. . . . . . . . .... 1 ...26 . . . 10.T1h el awosft huoghti nt hHee gelfriaamne w.o.r...k.. .......1. 62 .. ... . . 1.02F ormallo gaincHd e gellioaginni p cs ych.ol.o.g.y. ..1.66. ............... 1.03T hen tauroefln aguagaen cdo enpct.s.. ..........................1 .96. .. . .. . .. 1.04T hree flenxaitvuoer fte h gohu..t.. .........................1 37 .. . . . ... ... ... ..... 1.05T hem inadsa d ynawmhiloce. . ..........................................1 47 ... . . . 10.K6no wlgeedi asc uiqrtehdr oau' gchi rrecurntlien wgi thin its.e.l.f.......................................................1...7...8.. .................... Chapt1e1r P aradiangdmS sc ienMteifitch ino dP sychology.1.48. ............. 1.11C artesainaHdne gelsicaine.. n..c..e.. ....................1 48 . . ... .... ..... .... .. 112. Theory-ladaenntdnh neees ust roafsl ciniittefiyc obsveart.i.on.. ................................ ......1..88. ............................... 1.13R esceham retdhsino psych.o..l..o...gy..... .....................1 39 . . . . . . ... . .. 11.4U niveprasrtaulilacsra,s nr,de asrecmhe thiond s psycho.l .o.. g.. y .. ....... . . ... . ..... . ..... . .. ...... .. . ... .... . . ...... . . ... 1 ..6.9 .. .. .. . . . . 11.5N oatc noclus..i....o.n... ......................................2 ..0.3. . .. .... . . ... . . . . . . .. Notes 204 ........................................................................................................ Refere.n..c..e...s. ............................................................2 .0.5 . . .... . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . .. . Ind..e.x.. ............................................ ............................218 . . . . . .. .. ...... .. .. . . .. . .. .
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