Other Resources - The University of Texas at Austin

72 Pages·2009·3.75 MB·English

Appendix
Other Resources
Films
Th e Birth of Pakistan (1990)
On August 15, 1947, Pakistan was born. As the former Indian provinces debated whether to be
part of India or Pakistan, religious diff erences fl ared into full-scaled rioting, which led to large-
scale migration; millions moved from India to Pakistan, and vice versa. Th is program documents
the birth of the new country; the death of Mohammed Ali Jinnah, leader of the Moslem League;
the economics and political problems of the new country; the Indus Water Treaty; the war in
Kashmir; the independence of Bangladesh and the resulting war with India; the rise and fall of
Zulfi kar Ali Bhutt o; Zia’s assumption of power and adoption of strict Islamic rule; the impact
of the war in Afghanistan the death of Zia and the election of Zulfi kar Ali Bhutt o’s daughter,
Benazir. (20 minutes)
Division of Hearts (1987)
Th e 1947 British subdivision of colonial India into Pakistan and the independent Indian
nation caused the loss of 500,000 lives and the relocation of millions-one of the most extensive
movement of peoples ever. Aft er centuries of coexistence, Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims became
victims of mutual suspicion as violence swept through the countryside. Th e resulting mass
relocations of these groups transformed village populations overnight. In Division of Hearts
ordinary people from Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh— cart drivers, laborers, trades people,
farmers— tell this history and recount their own tumultuous experiences. Th eir memories,
combined with archival news fi lm, bear witness to the traumatic birth of two independent
nations. (57 minutes)
Th e Dynasty: Th e Nehru - Gandhi Story (1997)
A 2-part PBS program. Unravel the ties of blood, power, and sacrifi ce that sustained spiritual and
political independence in post-imperial India. Although they forged the destiny of their nation,
the Nehru family paid a terrible price: partition, civil strife and assassination. Witness the irony
and agony of a family that liberated a nation but could not unite it. (3 hours)
Earth (1998)
Directed by Deepa Mehta, Earth, an India/Canada co-production, is a thoughtful examination
of a circle of friends and acquaintances aff ected by the Partition. A scoundrel uses communal
violence as an excuse for retaliation against a romantic rival. Th e fi lm is based on Bapsi Sidhwa’s
novel Cracking India; Sidhwa co-wrote the screenplay with Mehta. Contains brutal scenes of
communal carnage. (110 minutes)
For a Place Under the Heavens (2003)
Acclaimed director Sabiha Sumar, recent winner of the Golden Leopard at the Locarno
International Film Festival for her feature Khamosh Pani (Th e Silent Waters), off ers an insightful
perspective on Pakistan in this fi nely craft ed personal fi lm. Beginning with the creation of
Pakistan in 1947, Sumar traces the relationship of Islam to the state in an eff ort to understand
how women are coping with and surviving the increasing religiosity of civil and political life in
her country. Raised in a more secular time, she struggles to comprehend how religious schools
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Appendix
have expanded at once unthinkable rates and presents chilling footage of a mother encouraging
her toddler to be a martyr when he grows up. Mixing political analysis with interviews with
activist colleagues, noted Islamic scholars and Pakistani women who have chosen to embrace
fundamentalism, Sumar’s provocative questions dramatically capture the tension between liberal
and fundamentalist forces that are shaping life in contemporary Pakistan. (53 mins.)
Gandhi (1982)
Sir Richard Att enborough’s multiple-Oscar winner (including Best Picture, Best Director, and
Best Actor for Ben Kingsley) is an engrossing, reverential look at the life of Mohandas K. Gandhi,
who introduced the doctrine of nonviolent resistance to the colonized people of India and who
ultimately gained the nation its independence. Kingsley is magnifi cent as Gandhi as he changes
over the course of the three-hour fi lm from an insignifi cant lawyer to an international leader and
symbol. Strong on history (the historic division between India and Pakistan, still a huge problem
today, can be seen in its formative stages here) as well as character and ideas, this is a fi ne fi lm. (3
hours)
Garam Hawa (1973)
Th e story of 1947, India’s Independence. It is a story of how families on both sides of the
border suff ered emotionally, and how their dreams and values were shatt ered to pieces aft er the
partition. English Subtitles. (150 mins)
Khamosh Paani: Th e Silent Waters (2003)
Ayesha is a seemingly well-adjusted middle-aged woman whose life centers around her son
Saleem - a gentle, dreamy 18 year old, in love with Zubeida. Th ey live in the village of Charkhi,
in Pakistani Punjab. Ayesha’s husband is dead and she manages a living from his pension and
by giving Quran lessons to young girls. Th e story begins in 1979, in a Pakistan under President
General Zia-ul-Haq’s martial law. In a few months the country will become a state ruled by
Islamic law. Saleem becomes intensely involved with a group of Islamic fundamentalists and
leaves Zubeida. Ayesha is saddened to see her son change radically. Events escalate when Sikh
pilgrims from India pour into the village. Later, a pilgrim looks for his sister Veero who was
abducted in 1947. Th is awakens heart-rending memories. (105 minutes)
Lagaan (2002)
Queen Victoria’s India. Th e Year is 1893. Champaner…a village in Central India. On the
outskirts of the village stands a British cantonment, commanded by Captain Russell- an arrogant
capricious man who wields the power of life and death over the villages under his jurisdiction.
LAGAAN – a story of batt le without bloodshed. Fought by a group of unlikely heroes led by
Bhuvan and energetic farmer with courage born of conviction- and a dream in his heart. Helped
by Elizabeth, an English rose who came to India and lost her heart, and Bhuvan’s pillar of
strength, Gauri, the young and perky village girl who dreams of a home with the man she loves.
(225 mins.)
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Appendix
Web Sites
“Partition of India.” S, Keen. Emory University. 1998.
htt p://www.emory.edu/ENGLISH/Bahri/Part.html
(Has brief introduction, maps, timeline, before/during/aft er article, links to more info.)
“Confl ict between India, Pakistan runs deep.” Author Not Given. CNN Interactive. 1997.
htt p://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9708/India97/shared/sibling.rivalry/#1
(A short article that outlines the main points to this confl ict.)
“Th e Partition of India.” V. ,Lal. Manas. 2002.
htt p://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Independent/partition.html
(A point-of-view article that discusses narrative history of partition.)
“Pakistan Towards Partition.” P. Coutsoukis. Geographic.org. 2002.
htt p://www.workmall.com/wfb 2001/pakistan/pakistan_history_toward_partition.html
(Library of Congress Country Study. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Pakistan Toward
Partition information.)
“India-Pakistan Dispute.” Author Not Given. Online NewsHour. 2004.
htt p://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/india-pakistan/timeline_sec1.html
(Short introduction to the history underpinnings of the partition.)
“Partition memories.” BBC News. 2007.
htt p://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6939997.stm
(People share memories of partition to mark the 60th anniversary of the partition of India in 1947 and
the birth of Pakistan. Links at right of page also includes audio and video footage of English language
speeches by Mountbatt en, Nehru and Jinnah.)
“Partition of 1947 - India - Pakistan: Some scatt ered resources.” Harsh Kapoor for the South Asia Citizens
Web. 2007.
htt p://www.sacw.net/partition/
(A collection of online articles and other resources.)
“Aft er partition: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh” BBC News. 2007.
htt p://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/629/629/6922293.stm
(Find out more about how India, Pakistan and, since 1971 Bangladesh, have developed since partition.)
Fiction and Literary Studies
Bhalla, Alok. Stories about the Partition of India. 3 vols. New Delhi: HarperCollins, 1994.
Bhalla, Alok. Th e Life and Works of Saadat Hasan Manto. Simla: Indian Institute of
Advanced Study, 1997.
Cowasjee, S. and Duggal, K. S., eds. Orphans of the Storm: Stories on the Partition of India. New
Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1995.
Collins, Larry and Dominique Lapierre. Freedom at Midnight. London: HarperCollins,
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Appendix
1997.
Hasan, Murhirul, ed. India Partitioned: Th e Other Face of Freedom. 2 vols. New Delhi: Roli Books,
1995.
Husain, Intizar. Basti. Trans. Francis Pritchett . New Delhi: INDUS/an imprint of HarperCollins
PublishersIndia, 1995.
Manto, Saadat Hasan. Kingdom’s End and Other Stories. Trans. Khalid Hasan. Delhi: Penguin,
1987.
Th e majority of stories by this Urdu writer from Punjab revolve around the end of the Raj,
Partition and communalism. His stories include “Th anda Gosht,” “Khol Do,” “Toba Tek Singh,”
“Iss Manjdhar Mein,” “Mozalle,” “Babu Gopi Nath” etc. Some of his characters became legendary.
Manto, Saadat Hasan. Partition Sketches and Stories. New Delhi: Viking, 1991.
Manto, Saadat Hasan. Black Milk: A Collection of Short Stories. Trans. Hamid Jalal. Lahore: Sang-
e-Meel Publications, 1997.
Memon, M. U. An Epic Unwritt en: Th e Penguin Book of Partition Stories. New Delhi: Penguin,
1998.
Rushdie, Salman. Midnight’s Children. New York: Knopf, 1981.
Salman Rushdie wrote this famous surrealistic fi ction full of satirical references to the event
of partition and independence. Th e “midnight” alluded to in the title is the moment at which
partition and independence became offi cial.
Singh, Khushwant. Train to Pakistan. New Delhi: Roli Books, 2006.
Th is saga by Khushwant Singh was fi rst published in 1956. Singh’s version of the Partition is a
social one, providing human accounts in a diverse, detailed character base where each person
has unique points of view, pointing out that everyone is equally at fault and that placing blame
was irrelevant. Interwoven with this point are the subtle questions of morality that Singh asks
through his characters, such as whether or not the bad needs to be recognized to promote the
good, and what constitutes a good deed. Th is edition contains addition photos by Margaret
Bourke-White, some of which are extremely graphic.
Lahiri, Jhumpa. Interpreter of Maladies. Mariner Books/Houghton Miffl in, 1999.
Jhumpa Lahiri was awarded the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for Interpreter of Maladies, a
collection of short stories some of which involved the aft ermath of the partition.
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Appendix
Bibliography
Ahmad, Jamiluddin ed. Jinnah: Speeches and Writings Vol. II. Lahore: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf,
1947.
Anand, Som. Lahore: Portrait of a Lost City. Lahore: Vanguard Books Pvt. Ltd., 1998.
Ansari, Nasim. Choosing To Stay: Memoirs of and Indian Muslim, trans. Ralph Russell. New Delhi:
City Press, 1999.
Butalia, Urvashi. Th e Other Side of Silence: Voices fr om the Partition of India. Durham: Duke
University Press, 2000.
Butalia, Urvashi. “An Archive with a Diff erence: Partition Lett ers.” In Th e Partitions of Memory: Th e
Aft erlife of the Division of India, ed. Suvir Kaul. Delhi: Permanent Black, 2001.
Anand, Som. Lahore: Portrait of a Lost City. Lahore: Vanguard Books Pvt. Ltd., 1998.
Campbell-Johnson, Alan. Mission with Mountbatt en. New York: E.P. Dutt on, 1953.
Chandar, Krishan. “Amritsar: Azadi se Pahle.” In Fasadat ke Afsane, ed. Hasan Abbas Raza, 13-18.
Islamabad: Dost Publications, 1999.
______. “Amritsar: Azadi ke Bad.” In Fasadat ke Afsane, ed. Hasan Abbas Raza, 19-31. Islamabad:
Dost Publications, 1999.
Chowdhry, B.A. “What We Lost to Taste Freedom.” In Lahore: 1947, ed. Ahmad Salim, 63-71.
Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2003.
Chughtai, Ismat. “Jaren.” In Fasadat ke Afsane, ed. Hasan Abbas Raza, 63-72. Islamabad: Dost
Publications, 1999.
Collins, Larry and Dominique Lapierre. Freedom at Midnight. London: HarperCollins, 1997.
Das, Veena. “Specifi cities: Oral Narratives, Rumour, and the Social Production of Hate.” Social
Identities Vol. 4, Issue 1 (Feb. 1998): 109-130.
Faiz, Ahmad Faiz. “Freedom’s Dawn.” In Nuskh ha-e-Vafa. Lahaur: Maktabah-yi Karvan, 1984.
Gandhi, Mohandas K. Th e Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi LXXXIX: August 1, 1947-
November 10, 1947. New Delhi: Th e Publications Div. Government of India, 1983.
Gilmartin, David. “Partition, Pakistan, and South Asian History: In Search of a Narrative.” Th e
Journal of Asian Studies Vol. 57, No. 4 (Nov., 1998): 1068-1095.
Gopal, S., and Uma Iyengar. Th e Essential Writings of Jawaharlal Nehru Vol. I. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2003.
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Appendix
Hasan, Mushirul, ed. India Partitioned. Vol. 2. New Delhi: Lotus Collection, 1995.
Hasan, Mushirul.. Legacy of a Divided Nation: India’s Muslims Since Independence. Boulder: Westview
Press, 1997.
Husain, Intizar. Basti. Translated by Frances W. Pritchett . New Delhi: Indus, 1995.
Jafri, Ali Sardar. My Journey: Selected Poems of Ali Sardar Jafr i, Urdu Poems with English Translation.
New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1999.
Jalal, Ayesha. Th e Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
______. “Conjuring Pakistan: History as Offi cial Imagining.” International Journal of Middle East
Studies Vol. 27, No. 1 (Feb. 1995): 73-89.
______. Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia: A Comparative and Historical Perspective.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
______. Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam Since 1850. London:
Routledge, 2000.
Jalal, Ayesha, and Sugata Bose. Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy. London:
Routledge, 1997.
Kamra, Sukeshi. Bearing Witness: Partition, Independence, End of the Raj. Calgary: University of
Calgary Press, 2002.
Kashmiri, S. “Humiliated and Harassed Th ey Left .” In India Partitioned, ed. Mushirul Hasan, 2:154-
166. New Delhi: Lotus Collection, 1995.
Khan, Yasmin. Th e Great Partition: Th e Making of India and Pakistan. New Haven: Yale University
Press, 2007.
Kumar, Krishna. Prejudice and Pride: School Histories of the Freedom Struggle in India and Pakistan.
New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2002.
Manto, Saadat Hasan. “Khol Do.” In Fasadat ke Afsane, ed. Hasan Abbas Raza, 9-12. Islamabad:
Dost Publications, 1999.
Manto, Saadat Hasan. A Wet Aft ernoon: Stories, Sketches, Reminiscences. Trans. Khalid Hasan.
Islamabad: Alhamra Publishing, 2001.
Menon, Ritu and Kamla Bhasin. Borders and Boundaries: Women in India’s Partition. New Brunswick,
New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1998.
Neal, Arthur G. National Trauma and Collective Memory: Major Events in the American Century.
Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1998.
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Appendix
Pandey, Gyanendra. Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Phillips, C.H., H.L. Singh and B.N. Pandey. Th e Evolution of India and Pakistan 1858-1947: Select
Documents. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.
Portelli, Alessandro. The Death of Luigi Trastulli and Other Stories: Form and Meaning in Oral
History. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991.
Rizvi, Hasa-Askari. Military, State and Society in Pakistan. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel, 2003.
Robinson, Francis. Separatism Among Indian Muslims: Th e Politics of the United Provinces’ Muslims,
1860-1923. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974.
Seal, Anil. Th e Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the Later Nineteenth
Century. London: Cambridge University Press, 1968.
Singh, Khushwant. Train to Pakistan with Photographs by Margaret Bourke-White. New Delhi: Roli
Books Pvt. Ltd., 2006.
Tan, Tai Yong and Gyanesh Kudaisya. Th e Aft ermath of Partition in South Asia. London: Routledge,
2000.
Th ompson, Paul. Th e Voice of the Past: Oral History. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2000.
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Boston: Beacon
Press, 1995.
Von Tunzelmann, Alex. Indian Summer: Th e Secret History of the End of an Empire. New York:
Henry Holt and Company, LLC., 2007.
Zamindar, Wazira Fazila-Yacoobali. Th e Long Partition and the Making of Modern South Asia:
Refugees, Boundaries, Histories. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.
Historic Newspapers
Th e Dawn, New Delhi, India.
Th e Dawn, Karachi, Pakistan.
Th e Pioneer, Lucknow, India.
Civil and Military Gazett e, Lahore, Pakistan.
Websites Consulted 2007
British Broadcasting Corporation
htt p://www.bbc.co.uk/
Government of India, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
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Appendix
htt p://mospi.nic.in/
Government of Pakistan, Statistics Division
htt p://www.statpak.gov.pk/
Th e World Bank: India
htt p://www.worldbank.org.in
Th e World Bank: Pakistan
htt p://www.worldbank.org.pk
Wikipedia
htt p://www.wikipedia.org/
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