Organ-on-a-Chip: Methods and Protocols PDF
Preview Organ-on-a-Chip: Methods and Protocols
Methods in Molecular Biology 2373 Marco Rasponi Editor Organ- on-a-Chip Methods and Protocols M M B ETHODS IN OLECULAR IO LO GY SeriesEditor JohnM.Walker School of Lifeand MedicalSciences University ofHertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK Forfurther volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651 For over 35 years, biological scientists have come to rely on the research protocols and methodologiesinthecriticallyacclaimedMethodsinMolecularBiologyseries.Theserieswas thefirsttointroducethestep-by-stepprotocolsapproachthathasbecomethestandardinall biomedicalprotocolpublishing.Eachprotocolisprovidedinreadily-reproduciblestep-by- step fashion, opening with an introductory overview, a list of the materials and reagents neededtocompletetheexperiment,andfollowedbyadetailedprocedurethatissupported with a helpful notes section offering tips and tricks of the trade as well as troubleshooting advice. These hallmark features were introduced by series editor Dr. John Walker and constitutethekeyingredientineachandeveryvolumeoftheMethodsinMolecularBiology series. Tested and trusted, comprehensive and reliable, all protocols from the series are indexedinPubMed. Organ-on-a-Chip Methods and Protocols Edited by Marco Rasponi Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Editor MarcoRasponi DepartmentofElectronics,Information andBioengineering PolitecnicodiMilano Milano,Italy ISSN1064-3745 ISSN1940-6029 (electronic) MethodsinMolecularBiology ISBN978-1-0716-1692-5 ISBN978-1-0716-1693-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1693-2 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,partofSpringerNature2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproduction onmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation, computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulations andthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedto betrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty, expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeen made.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisHumanaimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,partofSpringer Nature. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:1NewYorkPlaza,NewYork,NY10004,U.S.A. Preface Inthelastfewdecades,microfluidicshasbeenestablishedasapromisingtoolfordeveloping anewsetofminiaturizeddevices,particularlyrelevantinthebiologicalfield.Latestadvance- ments in microfabrication techniques allowed the recapitulation of physiologically relevant cell microenvironments within microdevices, establishing a series of microphysiological systems. Building upon the combination of microfluidics, 3D microarchitectures, and cell cultures,organ-on-a-chip(OoC)emergedasatechnologyabletooutperformconventional in vitro models in providing a patho-physiologically relevant setting for comprehensive investigationsofhumanphysiologyanddiseasestates. The ability of OoC to mimic the target human organ functions, together with the inherentadvantagesofminiaturization,e.g.,highcontroloverthemasstransportphenom- enaandtheneedofextremelylowamountsofcellsandreagents,iscontributingtotheidea of using such advanced biological models in the drug development process (DDP) to improvethescreeningofdrugcandidatesprior toinvivotesting. Inthisbook,acollectionofmicrophysiologicalsystemsemployedforchemicals/drugs screeningtogetherwiththestrategiesemployedtomimicvariousphysiologicalconditionsis presented.Inparticular,modelsatincreasingcomplexitiesareshown,frommicrofluidiccell monolayers, to multi-compartmentalized cultures, to physiologic barriers and 3D cell microtissues. OoC platforms here described include liver, intestine, blood-brain barrier, kidney, vessels, cardiac and skeletal muscles, articular joint, and human fat. Additionally, the first three chapters of the book provide a comprehensive overview of the microfabrication technologies used to fabricate OoC devices, namely (1) standard photolithography and softlithography,(2)techniquestofabricatemembranesinOoCmodels,and(3)industrial- orientedfabricationmethodswhichmaybeusedtomovetheOoCsectorfromacademiato themarket. I hope that this volume on Organ-on-a-Chip will be useful to a wide readership of scientists working in the fields of biology, pharmacology, bioengineering, and tissue engi- neering. The protocols here described have been tuned and optimized for the specific applications described in the corresponding chapters. They can be strictly followed to reproduce the experiments therein described or serve as general guidelines to establish neworgan-on-a-chipmodels. Milano,Italy MarcoRasponi v Contents Preface ..................................................................... v Contributors................................................................. ix 1 PhotoandSoftLithographyforOrgan-on-ChipApplications ................ 1 ErikaFerrari,FedericoNebuloni,MarcoRasponi, andPaolaOcchetta 2 Organ-on-ChipsforStudyingTissueBarriers:StandardTechniques andaNovelMethodforIncludingPorousMembranesWithin MicrofluidicDevices..................................................... 21 MattiaBallerini,MohammadJouybar,AndreaMainardi, MarcoRasponi,andGiovanniStefanoUgolini 3 ThermoplasticMicrofluidics.............................................. 39 PerMagnusKristiansen,AgnieszkaKarpik,JeromeWerder, MarcoGuilherme,andMichaelGrob 4 BileDuct-on-a-Chip .................................................... 57 YuDu,WilliamJ.Polacheck,andRebeccaG.Wells 5 EstablishmentofaModularAnaerobicHumanIntestineChip ............... 69 SasanJalili-Firoozinezhad,AmirBein,FrancescaS.Gazzaniga, CicelyW.Fadel,RichardNovak,andDonaldE.Ingber 6 IntestinalEpitheliumTubulesonaChip................................... 87 KingaKosim,IrisSchilt,Henri¨etteL.Lanz,PaulVulto, andDorotaKurek 7 AHumanNeurovascularUnitOn-a-Chip ................................. 107 SharonWeiLingLee,RenatoRogosic,ClaudiaVenturi, ManuelaTeresaRaimondi,AndreaPavesi, andGiuliaAdriani 8 GenerationofaGlomerularFiltrationBarrieronaGlomerulus-on-a-Chip Platform ............................................................... 121 LauraPerinandStefanoDaSacco 9 ElectromechanicalStimulationof3DCardiacMicrotissues inaHeart-on-ChipModel............................................... 133 RobertaVisone,PaolaOcchetta,andMarcoRasponi 10 MiniaturizedVascularizedBleedingModelofHemostasis ................... 159 ElaissaTrybusHardy,YumikoSakurai,andWilburA.Lam 11 FabricationandUseofaPumplessMicrofluidicLymphaticVesselChip ....... 177 ParinazFathiandMandyB.Esch 12 On-ChipPlateletActivationAssessment:MicrofluidicEmulation ofShearStressProfilesInducedbyMechanicalCirculatory SupportDevices........................................................ 201 TatianaMencarini,SilviaBozzi,andAlbertoRedaelli vii viii Contents 13 Biofabricationof3DHumanMuscleModelwithVascularization andEndomysium....................................................... 213 SimoneBersini,RiccardoFrancescato,andMatteoMoretti 14 MechanicalInductionofOsteoarthritisTraits inaCartilage-on-a-ChipModel .......................................... 231 AndreaMainardi,PaolaOcchetta,andMarcoRasponi 15 DetailedMethodologytoEstablishaSynovium/Cartilage-on-a-ChipModel toInvestigatetheProcessofMonocyteExtravasation ....................... 253 SilviaPalombella,ShimaSalehi,CarlottaMondadori,GiuseppeTalo`, ValerioSansone,MatteoMoretti,andSilviaLopa 16 AMesoscale3DCultureSystemforNativeandEngineered BiphasicTissues:ApplicationtotheOsteochondralUnit .................... 267 IreneChiesa,RobertoDiGesu`,KalonJ.Overholt, andRiccardoGottardi 17 3DBiofabricatedInVitroModelsofVascularizedandMineralized BoneTissues ........................................................... 283 MariaVittoriaColombo,SimoneBersini,ChiaraArrigoni, andMatteoMoretti 18 Isolation,Integration,andCultureofHumanMature AdipocytesLeveragingOrgan-on-ChipTechnology......................... 297 JuliaRogal,JuliaRoosz,andPeterLoskill Index ...................................................................... 315 Contributors GIULIAADRIANI • SingaporeImmunologyNetwork(SIgN),BiomedicalSciencesInstitute, AgencyforScience,Technology,andResearch(A*STAR),Singapore,Singapore CHIARAARRIGONI • RegenerativeMedicineTechnologiesLaboratory,EnteOspedaliero Cantonale,Lugano,Switzerland MATTIABALLERINI • DepartmentofElectronics,InformationandBioengineering,Politecnico diMilano,Milan,Italy AMIRBEIN • WyssInstituteforBiologicallyInspiredEngineering,HarvardUniversity, Boston,MA,USA SIMONEBERSINI • RegenerativeMedicineTechnologiesLaboratory,EnteOspedaliero Cantonale,Lugano,Switzerland SILVIABOZZI • DepartmentofElectronics,InformationandBioengineering,Politecnicodi Milano,Milan,Italy IRENE CHIESA • ResearchCenter‘E.Piaggio’,UniversityofPisa,Pisa,Italy;Departmentof InformationEngineering,UniversityofPisa,Pisa,Italy;DepartmentofPediatrics, DivisionofPulmonaryMedicine,TheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphiaandThe UniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA,USA;Center forCellularandMolecular Engineering,DepartmentofOrthopaedicSurgery,SchoolofMedicine,Universityof Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA,USA MARIAVITTORIACOLOMBO • RegenerativeMedicineTechnologiesLaboratory,Ente OspedalieroCantonale,Lugano,Switzerland;DepartmentofChemistry,Materialsand ChemicalEngineering(CMIC)“GiulioNatta”,PolitecnicodiMilano,Milan,Italy STEFANO DASACCO • ChildrenHospitalLosAngeles,LosAngeles,CA,USA ROBERTODIGESU` • DepartmentofPediatrics,DivisionofPulmonaryMedicine,The Children’sHospitalofPhiladelphiaandTheUniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA, USA;Center forCellularandMolecularEngineering,DepartmentofOrthopaedic Surgery,SchoolofMedicine,UniversityofPittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA,USA;FondazioneRi. MED,Palermo,Italy YUDU • DivisionofGastroenterology,DepartmentofMedicine,PerelmanSchoolofMedicine attheUniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA,USA;Center forEngineering MechanoBiology,TheUniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA,USA MANDYB.ESCH • BiophysicalandBiomedicalMeasurementGroup,Microsystemsand NanotechnologyDivision,PhysicalMeasurementLaboratory,NationalInstituteof StandardsandTechnology,Gaithersburg,MD,USA CICELYW.FADEL • WyssInstituteforBiologicallyInspiredEngineering,HarvardUniversity, Boston,MA,USA;DepartmentofNeonatology,BethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenter, Boston,MA,USA;DepartmentofPediatrics,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,MA,USA PARINAZFATHI • DepartmentsofBioengineering,MaterialsScienceandEngineering,and BeckmanInstitute,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL,USA ERIKAFERRARI • DepartmentofElectronics,InformationandBioengineering,Politecnicodi Milano,Milan,Italy RICCARDOFRANCESCATO • RegenerativeMedicineTechnologiesLaboratory,EnteOspedaliero Cantonale,Lugano,Switzerland;DepartmentofElectronics,Informationand Bioengineering,PolitecnicodiMilano,Milano,Italy ix x Contributors FRANCESCAS.GAZZANIGA • WyssInstituteforBiologicallyInspiredEngineering,Harvard University,Boston,MA,USA;DepartmentofImmunology,HarvardMedicalSchool, Boston,MA,USA RICCARDOGOTTARDI • DepartmentofPediatrics,DivisionofPulmonaryMedicine,The Children’sHospitalofPhiladelphiaandTheUniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA, USA;Center forCellularandMolecularEngineering,DepartmentofOrthopaedic Surgery,SchoolofMedicine,UniversityofPittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA,USA;FondazioneRi. MED,Palermo,Italy MICHAELGROB • FHNWUniversityofAppliedSciencesandArtsNorthwesternSwitzerland, SchoolofEngineering,InstituteofPolymerNanotechnology(INKA),Windisch, Switzerland MARCOGUILHERME • FHNWUniversityofAppliedSciencesandArtsNorthwestern Switzerland,SchoolofEngineering,InstituteofProductandProductionEngineering (IPPE),Windisch,Switzerland ELAISSATRYBUSHARDY • WallaceH.CoulterDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering, GeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyandEmoryUniversity,Atlanta,GA,USA;Departmentof Pediatrics,DivisionofPediatricHematology/Oncology,EmoryUniversitySchoolof Medicine,Atlanta,GA,USA;AflacCancerandBloodDisordersCenterofChildren’s HealthcareofAtlanta,Atlanta,GA,USA DONALD E.INGBER • WyssInstituteforBiologicallyInspiredEngineering,Harvard University,Boston,MA,USA;VascularBiologyProgramandDepartmentofSurgery, BostonChildren’sHospitalandHarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,MA,USA;HarvardJohn A.PaulsonSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences,Cambridge,MA,USA SASANJALILI-FIROOZINEZHAD • KochInstituteforIntegrativeCancerResearch, MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,MA,USA MOHAMMADJOUYBAR • Microsystems,EindhovenUniversityofTechnology,Eindhoven,The Netherland;InstituteforComplexMolecularSystems,EindhovenUniversityofTechnology, Eindhoven,TheNetherland AGNIESZKAKARPIK • FHNWUniversityofAppliedSciencesandArtsNorthwestern Switzerland,SchoolofEngineering,InstituteofPolymerNanotechnology(INKA), Windisch,Switzerland;LaboratoryofMicro-andNanotechnology(LMN),PaulScherrer Institute(PSI),Villigen-PSI,Switzerland KINGAKOSIM • MimetasBV,Leiden,TheNetherlands PERMAGNUSKRISTIANSEN • FHNWUniversityofAppliedSciencesandArtsNorthwestern Switzerland,SchoolofEngineering,InstituteofPolymerNanotechnology(INKA), Windisch,Switzerland;LaboratoryofMicro-andNanotechnology(LMN),PaulScherrer Institute(PSI),Villigen-PSI,Switzerland;SchoolofMechanicalandMaterial Engineering,UniversityCollegeDublin,Belfield,Dublin4,Ireland DOROTAKUREK • MimetasBV,Leiden,TheNetherlands WILBURA.LAM • WallaceH.CoulterDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering,Georgia InstituteofTechnologyandEmoryUniversity,Atlanta,GA,USA;Departmentof Pediatrics,DivisionofPediatricHematology/Oncology,EmoryUniversitySchoolof Medicine,Atlanta,GA,USA;AflacCancerandBloodDisordersCenterofChildren’s HealthcareofAtlanta,Atlanta,GA,USA HENRIE¨TTEL.LANZ • MimetasBV,Leiden,TheNetherlands SHARONWEILINGLEE • SingaporeImmunologyNetwork(SIgN),BiomedicalSciences Institute,AgencyforScience,Technology,andResearch(A*STAR),Singapore,Singapore;
The list of books you might like
