Orchid Propagation: From Laboratories to Greenhouses—Methods and Protocols PDF
Preview Orchid Propagation: From Laboratories to Greenhouses—Methods and Protocols
Yung-I Lee Edward Chee-Tak Yeung Editors Orchid Propagation: From Laboratories to Greenhouses— Methods and Protocols S p H pringer rotocolS andbookS For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8623 Orchid Propagation: From Laboratories to Greenhouses—Methods and Protocols Edited by Yung-I Lee Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China Edward Chee-Tak Yeung Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Editors Yung-I Lee Edward Chee-Tak Yeung Biology Department Department of Biological Sciences National Museum of Natural Science University of Calgary Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China Calgary, Alberta, Canada ISSN 1949-2448 ISSN 1949-2456 (electronic) Springer Protocols Handbooks ISBN 978-1-4939-7770-3 ISBN 978-1-4939-7771-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7771-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018936747 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Humana press imprint is published by the registered company Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, U.S.A. Preface The orchid family is one of the largest families of flowering plants known for their beauty and economic importance. Orchids are especially vital to the horticulture and florist indus- tries. In addition, the potential of using orchids as a source for the pharmaceutical and fragrance industries is currently being explored, resulting in a steady increase in scholarly publications related to orchid biology research. When looking at the literature available, it is surprising to find that there is no comprehensive integration of key areas of research that are important to both scientists and commercial growers alike. The main purpose of this publication is (1) to provide key practical areas of research (i.e. germination, micropropagation, traditional and current techniques related to plant improve- ment) and (2) to document methods that ensure survival of plants from laboratories to green- houses. The topics highlighted in this work is by no means complete but is meant to draw attention to the many techniques available that can be beneficial to one’s work on orchid research and development. We hope that this publication can promote cross-talks between scientists and growers. Both groups have different knowledge bases and when combined will ensure successful growth of orchids in their natural habitats or commercial greenhouses. Laymen that are inter- ested in orchid growing will also benefit from having this handy scientific reference. In this work, we emphasize both the theoretical understanding of methods and practi- cal details. A proper theoretical understanding is essential to the success of a protocol. Hence several overview chapters have been included amongst the protocol chapters. We first emphasize propagation methods using seeds and related techniques that are important to plant conservation and improvement (Part I). Successes in asymbiotic and symbiotic seed germination are keys to orchid conservation and their propagation. Part II summa- rizes micropropagation methods, common media, and newer methods of micropropaga- tion such as the bioreactor culture procedures. This is followed by a special technique section (Part III) focusing on techniques related to the manipulation of explants in an in vitro environment. Some cell biological methods and transformation techniques are included in Part IV. Plant improvements through transformation are now common and can also be applied to orchid species with some successes; however, transformation protocols can apply only to a limited number of orchid species. The methods and protocols detailed serve to encourage further improvements in this area of research. Successes in a laboratory setting do not guarantee plant survival and propagation in greenhouses and in the natural environment. Hence, in Part V, we focus on greenhouse propagation techniques that are essential to the survival of plants generated from a laboratory setting. A final part is to showcase recent successes on orchid propagation by documenting sample publications and how to present orchids in an artistic fashion for one’s enjoyment. We would like to thank Mr. Colin Chan for his help in editing the figures and graphics and to Professor C.C. Chinnappa for proofreading manuscripts. Finally, we are grateful to all authors for their contributions to this book and their patience and cooperation during the course of preparation and editing. Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China Yung-I Lee Calgary, Alberta, Canada Edward Chee-Tak Yeung v Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Part I OrchId SeedS In Plant PrOPagatIOn and cOnServatIOn 1 Understanding Seed and Protocorm Development in Orchids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Edward C. Yeung, Yuan-Yuan Li, and Yung-I Lee 2 Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi: Isolation and Identification Techniques . . . . . . . . . . 27 Lawrence W. Zettler and Laura L. Corey 3 Protocols for Establishing Fungi-Protocorm Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Yuan-Yuan Li, Hui Wang, and Shun-Xing Guo 4 Orchid Seed and Pollen: A Toolkit for Long-Term Storage, Viability Assessment and Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Philip T. Seaton, Silvério T. Hosomi, Ceci C. Custódio, Timothy R. Marks, Nelson B. Machado-Neto, and Hugh W. Pritchard Part II OrchId MIcrOPrOPagatIOn 5 Orchid Seed Germination and Micropropagation I: Background Information and Related Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Edward C. Yeung, Jungmin Park, and Indra S. Harry 6 Orchid Seed Germination and Micropropagation II: Media Information and Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Jungmin Park and Edward C. Yeung 7 Orchid Micropropagation: An Overview of Approaches and Methodologies . . . . 151 Tim W. Yam and J. Arditti 8 Common Protocols in Orchid Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 So-Young Park, Yoon-Sun Huh, and Kee-Yoeup Paek 9 Micropropagation of Orchids by Using Bioreactor Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, Kee-Yoeup Paek, and So-Young Park 10 Enhanced Growth and Development of Cymbidium and Phalaenopsis Plantlets Cultured In Vitro Under Light-Emitting Diodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Duong Tan Nhut, Hoang Thanh Tung, and Michio Tanaka Part III SPecIal technIqueS 11 Tracking Pollen Fates in Orchid Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Steven D. Johnson and Lawrence D. Harder 12 Cut-Column Pollination Method to Overcome Pollination Barrier in Phalaenopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Hua-Ting Chuang, Kuang-Liang Huang, and Shan-Te Hsu vii viii Contents 13 In Vitro Flowering and Breeding of Erycina pusilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Yi-Tien Chiu and Chen Chang 14 Virus Elimination Through Meristem Culture and Rapid Clonal Propagation Using a Temporary Immersion System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Rong-Show Shen and Shan-Te Hsu 15 Cryopreservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Wagner A. Vendrame 16 Haploid Seed Formation via Parthenogenesis in Bletilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Juntaro Kato and Syoichi Ichihashi 17 A Protocol for the Induction of Polyploids in Phalaenopsis Orchids by In Vitro Method Without Using Anti-microtubule Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Wen-Huei Chen and Ching-Yan Tang 18 Virus Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Chin-An Chang Part Iv cell and MOlecular BIOlOgy and tranSfOrMatIOn 19 Genetic Transformation on Orchid Species: An Overview of Approaches and Methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Masahiro Mii and Dong Poh Chin 20 Recent Protocols on Genetic Transformation of Orchid Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 Chia-Wen Li and Ming-Tsair Chan 21 The Use of Laser Microdissection to Investigate Cell-Specific Gene Expression in Orchid Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Raffaella Balestrini, Valeria Fochi, Alessandro Lopa, and Silvia Perotto Part v OrchId PrOPagatIOn and MaIntenance 22 Vegetative Propagation of Orchids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Yung-I Lee 23 Orchid Cultivation in Taiwan: Conventional and Innovative Methods . . . . . . . . 427 Rong-Show Shen, Yu-Hsin Liao, and Kuang-Liang Huang 24 Strategies in Orchid Health Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 Jiunn-Feng Su, Shu-Pei Chen, and Ting-Fang Hsieh Part vI ShOwcaSIng OrchIdS 25 Macro Flower Photography: An Introduction to Photographic Principles and Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 Mendel Perkins 26 An Introduction to Chinese Orchid Paintings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 Patrick I. Siu 27 Recent Advances in Orchid Seed Germination and Micropropagation . . . . . . . . 497 Yuan-Yuan Li, Colin Chan, Corrine Stahl, and Edward C. Yeung Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 Contributors J. ardIttI · University of California, Irvine, CA, USA raffaella BaleStrInI · Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Turin, Italy MIng-tSaIr chan · Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China cOlIn chan · Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada chen chang · Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China chIn-an chang · Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China wen-hueI chen · Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China Shu-PeI chen · Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China dOng POh chIn · Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan yI-tIen chIu · Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China hua-tIng chuang · Department of Horticultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan, Republic of China laura l. cOrey · Department of Biology, Illinois College, Jacksonville, IL, USA cecI c. cuStódIO · Agronomy College, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposa Tavares, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil valerIa fOchI · Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy Shun-XIng guO · Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China lawrence d. harder · Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Indra S. harry · Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada SIlvérIO t. hOSOMI · College of Biological Sciences, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil tIng-fang hSIeh · Floriculture Research Center, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, GuKeng, Yunlin, Taiwan, Republic of China Shan-te hSu · Department of Horticultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan, Republic of China Kuang-lIang huang · Department of Horticultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan, Republic of China ix x Contributors yOOn-Sun huh · Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea SyOIchI IchIhaShI · Department of Biology, Aichi University of Education, Kariya, Aichi, Japan Steven d. JOhnSOn · School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa JuntarO KatO · Department of Biology, Aichi University of Education, Kariya, Aichi, Japan yung-I lee · Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China yuan-yuan lI · Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China chIa-wen lI · Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China yu-hSIn lIaO · Department of Horticultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan, Republic of China aleSSandrO lOPa · Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy nelSOn B. MachadO-netO · Agronomy College, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil tIMOthy r. MarKS · Comparative Seed Biology, Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, UK MaSahIrO MII · Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan hOSaKatte nIranJana Murthy · Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India duOng tan nhut · Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Dalat City, Vietnam Kee-yOeuP PaeK · Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea JungMIn ParK · Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada SO-yOung ParK · Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea Mendel PerKInS · Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada SIlvIa PerOttO · Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy; Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Turin, Italy hugh w. PrItchard · Comparative Seed Biology, Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, UK PhIlIP t. SeatOn · Comparative Seed Biology, Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, UK Contributors xi rOng-ShOw Shen · Department of Horticultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan, Republic of China PatrIcK I. SIu · Willoughby, NSW, Australia cOrrIne Stahl · Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Jiunn-Feng Su · Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China Michio Tanaka · Department of Horticultural Science, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan ching-Yan Tang · Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China hoang Thanh Tung · Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Dalat City, Vietnam Wagner a. VendraMe · Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, FL, USA hui Wang · Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China TiM W. YaM · Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore Edward C . Yeung · Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada lawrence w. Zettler · Department of Biology, Illinois College, Jacksonville, IL, USA
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