Orbital Fractures: A Physician's Manual

370 Pages·2015·18.568 MB·English

by  Vadim P. Nikolaenko, Yury S. Astakhov

Vadim P. Nikolaenko
Yury S. Astakhov
Editors
Orbital Fractures
A Physician’s Manual
123
Orbital Fractures

Vadim P. Nikolaenko (cid:129) Yury S. Astakhov
Editors
Orbital Fractures
A Physician's Manual
Editors
Vadim P. N ikolaenko, MD, PhD, DSc Yury S. Astakhov, MD, PhD, DSc
Ophthalmology Ophthalmology
Saint-Petersburg State Hospital No. 2 I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State
Saint-Petersburg Medical University
Russia Saint-Petersburg
Russia
Authorized translation of the 1st Russian language edition
Orbital Fractures – A Physician’s Manual by Vadim P. Nikolaenko and Yury S. Astakhov
© LLC Eco-Vektor, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 2012, www.eco-vector.com
All Rights Reserved
ISBN 978-3-662-46207-2 ISBN 978-3-662-46208-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-46208-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015934822
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Pref ace
Craniofacial injury has drawn particular attention in the last years due to increasing
rates of motor vehicle accidents, deteriorating crime rates, domestic violence, and
terrorist threat.
Over the last 15–20 years, the research effort provided a large amount of data,
new diagnostic and treatment strategies of midface injuries appeared. Still, there is
pressing need especially among resident and young specialists in comprehensive
textbooks and manuals to critically review this large body of knowledge and provide
evidence-based information on natural history, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and
treatment of orbital fractures.
The authors attempted to summarize all relevant clinical topics on signs and
symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of orbital fractures through the prism of years
of clinical practice and research data.
This manual consists of eight chapters. The fi rst chapter is a discussion of bony
and soft tissue anatomy of the orbit as well as its vascular and nerve supply. The
second chapter deals with the imaging of the orbit. The third chapter focuses on the
clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the most common orbital frac-
tures—fractures of the orbital fl oor. The fourth chapter highlights isolated medial
wall fractures, while in the fi fth chapter, medial wall fractures are discussed in the
context of naso-orbito-ethmoid injuries. The sixth and seventh chapters review the
injury to the orbit associated with zygomatic and maxillary fractures. Finally,
the eighth chapter covers the essentials of frontobasilar fractures.
This manual would be impossible without the support and expertise of our col-
leagues—experienced specialists in anatomy, imaging, otolaryngology, maxillo-
facial surgery, and neurosurgery. We would like to acknowledge the invaluable
help of professor I. Gaivoronovsky, MD, PhD, Head of Department of Anatomy,
Military Medical Academy (Chap. 1 ) . Professor S. Karpischenko, MD, PhD,
Head of Department of Otolaryngology, St. Petersburg State Medical University,
shared his expertise in multiple orbital injuries and trauma to sinuses (Chaps. 4
and 5 ) . Professor G. Khatskevich, MD, PhD, Head of Department of Pediatric
Dentistry, and assistant professors M. Soloviev and I. Trofi mov, MD, PhD,
Department of Pediatric Dentistry from St. Petersburg State Medical University,
were coauthors of Chaps. 6 and 7 . Professor Yu. Shulev, MD, PhD, Department of
Neurosurgery, North-Western State Medical University, shared his extensive
knowledge in Chap. 8 .
v
vi Preface
CT and MRI anatomy of the orbit (Chap. 2 ) was discussed in collaboration with
G. Trufanov, MD, PhD (Head of Department of Radiology), E. Burlachenko
(Department of Radiology), V. Lugina (Department of Ophthalmology) from
Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia, and V. Zakharov, MD, PhD,
Head of Department of Radiology, State Clinical Hospital #2, St. Petersburg, Russia.
The purpose of O rbital Fractures: Physician’s Manual is to serve as a textbook
for a wide range of medical specialists including ophthalmologists, maxillofacial
surgeons, neurosurgeons, neurologists, otolaryngologists, radiologists, and emer-
gency doctors. This book is an excellent resource for all medical students, residents
in ophthalmology, and fellows who desire to broaden their spectrum of knowledge
in orbital pathology.
This manual is our fi rst experience in describing a multidisciplinary approach to
orbital injuries. The authors would be very grateful for comments and feedback
from the readers.
Saint-Petersburg, Russia Vadim P. Nikolaenko, MD, PhD, DSc
Saint-Petersburg, Russia Yury S. Astakhov, MD, PhD, DSc
Acknowledgment
Authors would like to thank Edward Cherney, MD, PhD, who thorougly reviewed
the book and whose patientce and expertise made the English editions of this book
possible.
vii

Contents
1 Clinical Anatomy of the Orbit and Periorbital Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Vadim P. Nikolaenko , Yury S. Astakhov , and Ivan V. Gaivoronsky
2 Radiological Examination of the Orbit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Vadim P. Nikolaenko , Yury S. Astakhov , Gennadiy E. Trufanov ,
Evgeniy P. Burlachenko , Valery V. Zakharov , and Valentina D. Lugina
3 Orbital Floor Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Vadim P. N ikolaenko and Yury S. Astakhov
4 Medial Wall Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Vadim P. N ikolaenko , Yury S. Astakhov , and Sergei A. Karpischenko
5 Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Vadim P. N ikolaenko , Yury S. Astakhov , and Sergei A. Karpischenko
6 Zygomaticoorbital Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Vadim P. N ikolaenko , Yury S. Astakhov , Mikhail M. Soloviev ,
G. Khatskevich , and Igor G. Trofi mov
7 Maxillary Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Vadim P. N ikolaenko , Yury S. Astakhov , Mikhail M. Soloviev ,
G. Khatskevich , and Igor G. Trofi mov
8 Frontobasilar Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Vadim P. N ikolaenko , Yury S. Astakhov , Yury A. Shulev ,
and Sergei A. Karpischenko
ix