Table Of ContentOral Cytology
Ravi Mehrotra
Editor
Oral Cytology
A Concise Guide
Editor
Ravi Mehrotra, MD, PhD, MIAC, FRCPath
Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICPO)
Noida - 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
ISBN 978-1-4614-5220-1 ISBN 978-1-4614-5221-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-5221-8
Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012951676
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Foreword
Oral cancer is a major public health problem all over the world but particularly in
the Indian subcontinent. With well-known risk factors—tobacco and alcohol—and
the potential for screening, effective measures for prevention and control are
warranted.
Cytological examination is a well-established and effective method of screening
for cervical cancer, and signi fi cant gains have been made in the control of this form
of cancer by the routine use of exfoliative cytology. Application of cytology in the
oral cavity is not common but it could be used for screening of patients with suspi-
cious premalignant and malignant conditions of the oral cavity. Hence this mono-
graph, designed to provide a state-of-the-art review of the major issues speci fi c to
the fi eld of oral cytology, is very timely . This book provides a comprehensive review
of all aspects of oral cytology including sample collection, manual/automated anal-
ysis, pitfalls, gray zones, and controversies in diagnosis. Ancillary techniques such
as DNA ploidy, molecular biology, and biomarkers are also discussed. The book is
extensively illustrated with excellent cytological images.
This book will fi ll a critical need for reliable knowledge on oral cytology and will
be useful for pathologists currently in training as well as pathologists and clinicians
dealing with the diagnosis of oral lesions. The editors and authors are to be com-
mended for this effort, since it fi lls an important gap in our current knowledge.
Chicago , IL , USA Vinay Kumar
Donald N. Pritzker
Professor and Chairman
Department of Pathology,
Biologic Sciences Division
and the Pritzker School of Medicine
University of Chicago
v
Acknowledgements
The goal of this book is to form a blend between new and existing information about
oral cytopathology. It will hopefully serve as a bench-side companion to the general
cytopathologist, oral pathologist, specialist in oral medicine, and head and neck
experts.
This compendium is a combined effort from authors of different specialties
including cytopathologists, oral pathologists, and basic scientists—all of whom
have in common an interest in the diagnosis of oral cancer. Experts from four differ-
ent continents viz. Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas have contributed their
vast knowledge and experiences in this fi eld.
Acknowledgments are due to my source of inspiration my beloved; my wife,
Deepa Mehrotra, my children, Aditi, Shayak and Vinayak; and my well-wishers,
especially my teachers/mentors, Drs. Mamta Singh and Premala A. Singh, Allahabad.
They are also due to my colleagues, Drs. Vatsala Misra, Kachnar Verma, Vishal
Dhingra, Pallavi Singh, and Anshul Singh of the Department of Pathology, Moti Lal
Nehru Medical College, Allahabad; Dr. R. Khanna, Allahabad; Drs. V.L. Lahiri and
Atul Gupta, Agra; Drs. Raj Mehrotra and M.M. Goel, Lucknow; Col. S.K.P.
Matwanakar, Pune; Dr. Maqsood Siddiqi, Kolkatta; Dr. Bernard Fitzharris,
Christchurch; Dr. Raj K. Gupta, Wellington, New Zealand; Dr. Svante Orell,
Adelaide, Australia; Dr. Bernard Fox, Portland; Dr. Raj Puri, Bethesda; Dr. Vinod
B. Shidham, Detroit; Dr. Prabodh Gupta, Philadelphia; Dr. Carlos Bedrossian,
Chicago; Dr. Kamlesh Asotra, California; Dr. Rajesh Sharan, Shillong; my numer-
ous MD and Ph.D students around the world including Madhu, Neeta, Anurag,
Mayank, Sanjay, Smita, Santosh, Shruti, Ajay, and Rahela; and, of course, the great-
est teacher any doctor can possibly have—my patients.
vii
viii Acknowledgements
I have special word of thanks to Prof. Vinay Kumar, Chicago Editor-in Chief,
Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease (which provided my fi rst introduction to this
fascinating fi eld and help motivate me to embark on this journey) for kindly agree-
ing to write the preface.
This book is dedicated to my respected mother, Raj Rani Mehrotra and to the
fond memory of my father Prof. T.N. Mehrotra, MD, Ph.D. Founder Professor of
Pathology and Principal, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, without
whose inspiration and constant guidance, this book would never have seen the light
of the day. Finally, grateful thanks are due to the ever-helpful and dynamic team at
Springer, especially Richard Hruska, Senior Editor, Clinical Medicine, William
Loob, Development Editor, Andy Kwan, Assistant Editor and Maria Luz Calibo,
Project Offi cer without whose support, this monograph would never have seen the
light of the day.
Noida , UP , India Ravi Mehrotra, MD, PhD, MIAC, FRCPath
Contents
1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 1
Ravi Mehrotra
2 Historical Development of Oral Cytology ............................................. 5
Vishal Dhingra and Ravi Mehrotra
3 Oral Cytology Techniques ...................................................................... 11
Kachnar Varma, Jos Hille, Amir Afrogheh, and Ravi Mehrotra
4 Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases by Oral Cytology .............................. 27
Mamta Singh, Rahela Ibrahim, and Ravi Mehrotra
5 Cytological Diagnosis of Benign Lesions of the Oral Cavity............... 49
Deborah J. Carroll
6 The Development of a Novel Oral Cytologic Grading System ........... 73
Amir Afrogheh, Jos Hille, and Ravi Mehrotra
7 Liquid-Based Oral Cytology and Microhistology ................................ 91
Roberto Navone, Monica Pentenero, and Sergio Gandolfo
8 The Role of Ploidy Analysis in Oral Cytology ...................................... 109
Torsten W. Remmerbach
9 Diagnostic Cytometry ............................................................................. 125
Alfred Böcking, David Friedrich, Chen Jin, André Bell,
Thomas Wür fl inger, Dietrich Meyer-Ebrecht, Yu Zhang,
Stefan Biesterfeld, Natalia Pomjanski, Leonid Berynskyy,
Richard Yeung, Jörg Handschel, Branko Palcic, and Til Aach
ix
