Oracle9i Net Services Administrator's Guide

550 Pages·2001·4.301 MB·English

by  Steiner D.

Oracle9i Net Services
Administrator’s Guide
Release 1 (9.0.1)
June 2001
Part No. A90154-01
Oracle9i Net Services Administrator’s Guide, Release 1 (9.0.1)
Part No. A90154-01
Copyright © 2001, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Primary Author: Deborah Steiner
Graphic Artist: Valarie Moore
Contributors: Henry Abrecht, Robert Achacoso, Jesse Anton, Mark Bauer, Pierre Baudin, David Chen,
Howard Cohen, Toby Close, Stanley Guan, Harvey Eneman, Stella Kister, Shuvayu Kanjila, Cynthia
Kibbe, Scot McKinley, Ed Miner, Peter Povinec, Richard Smith, Juliet Tran, and Norman Woo
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Contents
Send Us Your Comments................................................................................................................. xix
Preface.......................................................................................................................................................... xxi
Audience.............................................................................................................................................. xxii
Organization....................................................................................................................................... xxiii
Related Documentation..................................................................................................................... xxv
Conventions........................................................................................................................................ xxvi
Documentation Accessibility........................................................................................................... xxxi
What’s New in Oracle Net Services?..................................................................................... xxxiii
Oracle9i Release 9.0 New Features in Oracle Net Services........................................................ xxxiv
Oracle8i New Features in Oracle Net Services............................................................................ xxxix
Part I Getting Started with Oracle Net Services
1 Networking Challenges in the Internet Age
What Is the Big Picture for Networking?....................................................................................... 1-2
Oracle’s Solution to Networking Issues......................................................................................... 1-3
Connectivity.................................................................................................................................. 1-3
Manageability................................................................................................................................ 1-9
Internet and Intranet Scalability............................................................................................... 1-12
Network Security........................................................................................................................ 1-19
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A Suite of Networking Components............................................................................................. 1-27
Oracle Net Services..................................................................................................................... 1-27
Oracle Advanced Security......................................................................................................... 1-32
2 Connectivity Concepts
Database Service and Database Instance Identification.............................................................. 2-2
Database Services.......................................................................................................................... 2-2
Database Instances........................................................................................................................ 2-4
Service Accessibility........................................................................................................................... 2-6
Enhanced Service Accessibility with Multiple Listeners........................................................... 2-8
Service Handlers................................................................................................................................. 2-9
Naming................................................................................................................................................ 2-15
3 Configuration Management Concepts
Configuration Models........................................................................................................................ 3-2
Localized Configuration File Support............................................................................................. 3-2
Directory Server Support................................................................................................................... 3-4
Directory Naming Overview...................................................................................................... 3-4
Naming Configuration Storage in a Directory Server............................................................. 3-6
Directory Entries........................................................................................................................... 3-8
Adding or Modifying Entries in the Directory Server............................................................ 3-9
Client Connections Using Directory Naming......................................................................... 3-10
Oracle Net Configuration and Directory Server Design....................................................... 3-13
Oracle Names Support..................................................................................................................... 3-18
Oracle Names Overview............................................................................................................ 3-19
Administrative Regions............................................................................................................. 3-21
Domains....................................................................................................................................... 3-21
Oracle Names As Data Repository........................................................................................... 3-22
Data Stored in an Oracle Names Server.................................................................................. 3-23
Organization of Network Components................................................................................... 3-25
Multiple Regions to Decentralize Administrative Responsibilities.................................... 3-27
Differences Between Versions of Oracle Names.................................................................... 3-30
About Discovery......................................................................................................................... 3-33
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4 Architecture of Oracle Net Services
Oracle Net Stack Communication Architecture........................................................................... 4-2
Stack Communication for Client/Server Application Connections..................................... 4-2
Stack Communication for Java Application Connections...................................................... 4-8
Stack Communication for Web Client Connections................................................................ 4-9
Listener Architecture........................................................................................................................ 4-10
Database Server Process Architecture.......................................................................................... 4-14
Shared Server Processes............................................................................................................. 4-14
Dedicated Server Processes....................................................................................................... 4-16
Oracle Connection Manager Architecture................................................................................... 4-17
A Complete Architecture................................................................................................................. 4-20
5 Configuration and Administration Tools Overview
Oracle Net Manager........................................................................................................................... 5-2
Starting Oracle Net Manager...................................................................................................... 5-3
Navigating Oracle Net Manager................................................................................................ 5-4
Toolbar........................................................................................................................................... 5-7
Menus............................................................................................................................................. 5-8
Oracle Net Manager Wizards................................................................................................... 5-10
Oracle Net Configuration Assistant.............................................................................................. 5-14
Oracle Net Control Utilities............................................................................................................ 5-16
Listener Control Utility.............................................................................................................. 5-16
Oracle Connection Manager Control Utility.......................................................................... 5-17
Oracle Names Control Utility................................................................................................... 5-18
Configuration and Administration Tasks at a Glance............................................................... 5-19
6 Quick Start to Oracle Net Connections
Prerequisites to Establishing Connectivity................................................................................... 6-2
Task 1: Confirm Network Availability............................................................................................ 6-3
Task 2: Start the Listener and the Database Server...................................................................... 6-4
Task 3: Configure the Client to Use a Net Service Name............................................................ 6-5
Task 4: Connect to the Database....................................................................................................... 6-7
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Part II Configuration and Administration of Oracle Net Services
7 Planning the Network
Deploying a Network Inside an Organization.............................................................................. 7-2
Scalability....................................................................................................................................... 7-3
Availability.................................................................................................................................... 7-5
Naming Methods.......................................................................................................................... 7-6
JDBC Drivers................................................................................................................................. 7-6
Security........................................................................................................................................... 7-6
Tuning and Performance............................................................................................................. 7-7
Deploying a Network for the Internet............................................................................................ 7-8
Scalability....................................................................................................................................... 7-9
Availability.................................................................................................................................... 7-9
Naming Methods.......................................................................................................................... 7-9
JDBC Drivers................................................................................................................................. 7-9
Security........................................................................................................................................... 7-9
Naming Considerations .................................................................................................................. 7-10
Performance Considerations........................................................................................................... 7-12
Listener Queue Size.................................................................................................................... 7-12
Session Data Unit Size for Data Transfer Optimization........................................................ 7-13
Persistent Buffer Flushing for TCP/IP.................................................................................... 7-13
Planning Summary........................................................................................................................... 7-14
8 Setting Up Directory Server Usage
Directory Configuration Overview.................................................................................................. 8-2
Configuring Directory Usage During Installation....................................................................... 8-2
Directory Usage Configuration During a Custom Installation on the Server..................... 8-2
Directory Usage Configuration During a Client Installation................................................. 8-4
Configuring Directory Usage After Installation........................................................................... 8-5
Adding Users to and Removing Users from the OracleNetAdmins Group............................ 8-9
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9 Configuring Naming Methods
Naming Method Configuration Overview.................................................................................... 9-2
About Connect Descriptors............................................................................................................... 9-2
Naming Methods.......................................................................................................................... 9-4
Configuring the Local Naming Method......................................................................................... 9-5
Configuring the tnsnames.ora File During Installation.......................................................... 9-6
Configuring the tnsnames.ora File After Installation.............................................................. 9-6
Configuring the Directory Naming Method................................................................................ 9-12
Directory Naming Method Configuration Steps................................................................... 9-13
Modifying Connectivity Information for Database Service Entries.................................... 9-18
Configuring the Oracle Names Method....................................................................................... 9-19
Task 1: Consider Oracle Names Options................................................................................ 9-20
Task 2: Install Necessary Components.................................................................................... 9-20
Task 3: Create an Oracle Names Server.................................................................................. 9-21
Task 4: Configure Clients and Database Servers To Use Oracle Names Servers.............. 9-34
Task 5: (Optional) Configure Client Caches........................................................................... 9-38
Task 6: Configure the Listener.................................................................................................. 9-41
Task 7: Register Data with the Oracle Names Server............................................................ 9-42
Task 8: Delegate Domains to Delegated Administrative Regions....................................... 9-50
Task 9: Specify Domain Hints to Forward Requests to Remote Oracle Names Servers.. 9-51
Task 10: Connect to the Database............................................................................................. 9-53
Removing an Oracle Names Server......................................................................................... 9-54
Configuring the Host Naming Method........................................................................................ 9-56
Task 1: Configure the Listener with the Global Database Name........................................ 9-57
Task 2: Configure HOSTNAME as the First Naming Method............................................ 9-58
Task 3: Set Up Host Name Resolution Environment............................................................ 9-58
Task 4: Connect to the Database............................................................................................... 9-59
Configuring External Naming Methods....................................................................................... 9-60
Configuring NIS.......................................................................................................................... 9-60
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10 Exporting Naming Data to a Directory Server
Exporting Net Service Names from a tnsnames.ora File........................................................... 10-2
Task 1: Create Structure in Directory Server.......................................................................... 10-3
Task 2: Create Oracle Contexts................................................................................................. 10-4
Task 3: Configure Directory Server Usage.............................................................................. 10-4
Task 4: Export Objects To a Directory Server......................................................................... 10-5
Exporting Network Objects from an Oracle Names Server...................................................... 10-6
Release 8.1.6 or Later Clients..................................................................................................... 10-6
Release 8.1.5 or Previous Clients.............................................................................................. 10-6
Exporting Data to a Directory Server....................................................................................... 10-7
Configuring Oracle Names LDAP Proxy Servers................................................................ 10-15
Considerations for Dissimilar DIT Structures...................................................................... 10-23
11 Configuring Profiles
Profile Configuration Overview..................................................................................................... 11-2
Profile Configuration During Installation.................................................................................... 11-2
Configuring Client Attributes for Names Resolution............................................................... 11-3
Configuring a Default Domain for Clients............................................................................. 11-3
Prioritizing Naming Methods .................................................................................................. 11-5
Routing Connection Requests................................................................................................... 11-7
Configuring Database Access Control.......................................................................................... 11-8
Configuring Advanced Profile Information................................................................................. 11-9
Configuring Preferred Oracle Names Servers........................................................................... 11-11
Configuring External Naming Methods..................................................................................... 11-12
Configuring Oracle Advanced Security...................................................................................... 11-13
12 Configuring and Administering the Listener
Listener Configuration Overview.................................................................................................. 12-2
Listener Configuration During Installation................................................................................. 12-4
Customizing Listener Configuration............................................................................................. 12-6
Configuring Listening Protocol Addresses............................................................................. 12-6
Configuring Protocol Addresses for Oracle9i JVM............................................................... 12-8
Handling Large Volumes of Concurrent Connection Requests.......................................... 12-9
viii
Configuring Static Service Information................................................................................. 12-10
Configuring Password Authentication for the Listener..................................................... 12-13
Configuring Service Registration................................................................................................ 12-14
Listener Administration................................................................................................................ 12-19
Starting and Stopping the Listener........................................................................................ 12-20
Monitoring Runtime Behavior................................................................................................ 12-20
Monitoring Log Files................................................................................................................ 12-25
13 Configuring Oracle Connection Manager
Oracle Connection Manager Configuration Overview............................................................. 13-2
Configuring Oracle Connection Manager.................................................................................... 13-2
Configuring the Oracle Connection Manager Computer..................................................... 13-3
Configuring Clients for Oracle Connection Manager........................................................... 13-5
Configuring the Oracle Database Server for Oracle Connection Manager...................... 13-12
Enabling Oracle Connection Manager Features....................................................................... 13-12
Enabling Session Multiplexing............................................................................................... 13-13
Enabling Access Control.......................................................................................................... 13-14
Enabling Protocol Conversion Support................................................................................. 13-15
14 Configuring Shared Server
Configuring Shared Server with the DISPATCHERS Parameter............................................ 14-2
Setting the Initial Number of Dispatchers.............................................................................. 14-6
Enabling Connection Pooling ....................................................................................................... 14-8
Allocating Resources........................................................................................................................ 14-9
Using Shared Server on Clients..................................................................................................... 14-9
Overriding Shared Server on Clients......................................................................................... 14-10
15 Enabling Advanced Features for Oracle Net Services
Configuring Advanced Network Address and Connect Data Information.......................... 15-2
Creating a List of Listener Protocol Addresses...................................................................... 15-2
Configuring Address List Parameters..................................................................................... 15-4
Configuring Advanced Connect Data Parameters................................................................ 15-7
Configuring Connection Load Balancing................................................................................... 15-10
Example: Connection Load Balancing for Shared Server Configuration......................... 15-12
Example: Connection Load Balancing for Dedicated Server Configuration................... 15-15
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Configuring Transparent Application Failover......................................................................... 15-18
What TAF Restores................................................................................................................... 15-18
TAF Database Configurations................................................................................................. 15-20
FAILOVER_MODE Parameters.............................................................................................. 15-21
TAF Implementation................................................................................................................ 15-22
Specifying the Instance Role for Primary and Secondary Instance Configurations.......... 15-25
Configuring Session Data Unit.................................................................................................... 15-28
Client Configuration................................................................................................................. 15-28
Database Server Configuration............................................................................................... 15-29
Configuring the VI Protocol for Application Web Server and Oracle Database Server
Communication............................................................................................................................... 15-30
Prerequisites to Using VI Protocol Support.......................................................................... 15-30
Configuring a VI Protocol Address........................................................................................ 15-31
Tuning VI................................................................................................................................... 15-33
Configuring Connections to Non-Oracle Database Services.................................................. 15-36
Configuring Oracle Net for External Procedures................................................................. 15-36
Configuring Oracle Net for Oracle Heterogeneous Services............................................. 15-41
Configuring Oracle Net for an Oracle Rdb Database.......................................................... 15-44
Part III Testing and Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services
16 Establishing a Connection and Testing the Network
Connecting to a Database................................................................................................................ 16-2
Starting Oracle Net Services Components.............................................................................. 16-2
Entering a Connect String.......................................................................................................... 16-8
Initiating Connections.............................................................................................................. 16-13
Testing the Network....................................................................................................................... 16-15
Testing a Listener...................................................................................................................... 16-16
Testing Oracle Connection Manager..................................................................................... 16-16
Testing Configuration on the Database Server..................................................................... 16-16
Testing Network Connectivity from the Client.................................................................... 16-17
Testing an Oracle Names Server............................................................................................ 16-23
Testing Network Objects with Oracle Net Manager or Oracle Names Control Utility 16-24
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