Oracle9i Database Utilities

528 Pages·2001·3.452 MB·English

Oracle9i
Database Utilities
Release 1 (9.0.1)
June 2001
Part No. A90192-01
Oracle9i Database Utilities, Release 1 (9.0.1)
Part No. A90192-01
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Contents
Send Us Your Comments.............................................................................................................. xxvii
Preface........................................................................................................................................................ xxix
Audience.............................................................................................................................................. xxx
Organization........................................................................................................................................ xxx
Related Documentation................................................................................................................... xxxii
Conventions...................................................................................................................................... xxxiii
Documentation Accessibility......................................................................................................... xxxvi
Accessibility of Code Examples in Documentation.................................................................... xxxvi
What’s New in Database Utilities?......................................................................................... xxxvii
Oracle9i Utilities New Features.................................................................................................... xxxvii
Oracle8i Utilities New Features........................................................................................................... xl
Part I Export and Import
1 Export
What Is the Export Utility?................................................................................................................ 1-2
Before Using Export........................................................................................................................... 1-3
Running catexp.sql or catalog.sql............................................................................................... 1-3
Ensuring Sufficient Disk Space................................................................................................... 1-4
Verifying Access Privileges......................................................................................................... 1-4
Invoking Export.................................................................................................................................. 1-5
Command-Line Entries................................................................................................................ 1-5
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Interactive Export Prompts......................................................................................................... 1-5
Parameter Files.............................................................................................................................. 1-6
Invoking Export As SYSDBA...................................................................................................... 1-7
Export Modes....................................................................................................................................... 1-8
Table-Level and Partition-Level Export.................................................................................. 1-12
Table-Level Export.............................................................................................................. 1-12
Partition-Level Export......................................................................................................... 1-12
Getting Online Help......................................................................................................................... 1-12
Export Parameters............................................................................................................................. 1-13
BUFFER........................................................................................................................................ 1-15
Example: Calculating Buffer Size...................................................................................... 1-15
COMPRESS.................................................................................................................................. 1-16
CONSISTENT.............................................................................................................................. 1-16
CONSTRAINTS.......................................................................................................................... 1-18
DIRECT........................................................................................................................................ 1-18
FEEDBACK.................................................................................................................................. 1-18
FILE............................................................................................................................................... 1-19
FILESIZE...................................................................................................................................... 1-19
FLASHBACK_SCN..................................................................................................................... 1-20
FLASHBACK_TIME................................................................................................................... 1-21
FULL............................................................................................................................................. 1-21
GRANTS....................................................................................................................................... 1-21
HELP............................................................................................................................................. 1-21
INDEXES...................................................................................................................................... 1-21
LOG............................................................................................................................................... 1-21
OWNER........................................................................................................................................ 1-22
PARFILE....................................................................................................................................... 1-22
QUERY......................................................................................................................................... 1-22
Restrictions........................................................................................................................... 1-23
RECORDLENGTH..................................................................................................................... 1-24
RESUMABLE............................................................................................................................... 1-24
RESUMABLE_NAME................................................................................................................ 1-24
RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT.......................................................................................................... 1-25
ROWS........................................................................................................................................... 1-25
STATISTICS................................................................................................................................. 1-25
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TABLES........................................................................................................................................ 1-26
Table Name Restrictions..................................................................................................... 1-27
TABLESPACES........................................................................................................................... 1-28
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE................................................................................................... 1-29
TRIGGERS................................................................................................................................... 1-29
TTS_FULL_CHECK.................................................................................................................... 1-29
USERID (username/password)................................................................................................ 1-29
VOLSIZE...................................................................................................................................... 1-30
Parameter Interactions............................................................................................................... 1-30
Example Export Sessions................................................................................................................. 1-30
Example Export Session in Full Database Mode.................................................................... 1-31
Example Export Session in User Mode................................................................................... 1-34
Example Export Sessions in Table Mode................................................................................ 1-35
Example 1: DBA Exporting Tables for Two Users.......................................................... 1-36
Example 2: User Exports Tables That He Owns............................................................. 1-36
Example 3: Using Pattern Matching to Export Various Tables.................................... 1-37
Example Export Session Using Partition-Level Export......................................................... 1-38
Example 1: Exporting a Table Without Specifying a Partition..................................... 1-38
Example 2: Exporting a Table with a Specified Partition.............................................. 1-39
Example 3: Exporting a Composite Partition.................................................................. 1-40
Using the Interactive Method......................................................................................................... 1-41
Restrictions.................................................................................................................................. 1-45
Warning, Error, and Completion Messages................................................................................. 1-45
Log File ........................................................................................................................................ 1-45
Warning Messages...................................................................................................................... 1-46
Nonrecoverable Error Messages.............................................................................................. 1-46
Completion Messages................................................................................................................ 1-46
Exit Codes for Inspection and Display......................................................................................... 1-46
Conventional Path Export Versus Direct Path Export............................................................... 1-47
Invoking a Direct Path Export........................................................................................................ 1-49
Security Considerations for Direct Path Exports................................................................... 1-49
Performance Issues for Direct Path Exports........................................................................... 1-50
Network Considerations................................................................................................................. 1-50
Transporting Export Files Across a Network......................................................................... 1-50
Exporting and Importing with Oracle Net............................................................................. 1-50
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Character Set and Globalization Support Considerations....................................................... 1-51
Character Set Conversion.......................................................................................................... 1-51
Effect of Character Set Sorting Order on Conversions.......................................................... 1-51
Multibyte Character Sets and Export and Import.................................................................. 1-52
Instance Affinity and Export........................................................................................................... 1-52
Considerations When Exporting Database Objects................................................................... 1-53
Exporting Sequences.................................................................................................................. 1-53
Exporting LONG and LOB Datatypes..................................................................................... 1-53
Exporting Foreign Function Libraries...................................................................................... 1-53
Exporting Offline Bitmapped Tablespaces............................................................................. 1-54
Exporting Directory Aliases...................................................................................................... 1-54
Exporting BFILE Columns and Attributes.............................................................................. 1-54
External Tables............................................................................................................................ 1-54
Exporting Object Type Definitions........................................................................................... 1-54
Exporting Nested Tables............................................................................................................ 1-55
Exporting Advanced Queue (AQ) Tables............................................................................... 1-55
Exporting Synonyms.................................................................................................................. 1-55
Support for Fine-Grained Access Control............................................................................... 1-56
Transportable Tablespaces.............................................................................................................. 1-56
Exporting from a Read-Only Database......................................................................................... 1-57
Using Export and Import to Partition a Database Migration................................................... 1-57
Advantages of Partitioning a Migration.................................................................................. 1-57
Disadvantages of Partitioning a Migration............................................................................. 1-58
How to Use Export and Import to Partition a Database Migration ................................... 1-58
Using Different Versions of Export............................................................................................... 1-58
Using a Previous Version of Export......................................................................................... 1-58
Using a Higher Version of Export............................................................................................ 1-59
Creating Oracle Release 8.0 Export Files from an Oracle9i Database..................................... 1-59
2 Import
What Is the Import Utility?............................................................................................................... 2-2
Table Objects: Order of Import................................................................................................... 2-3
Before Using Import........................................................................................................................... 2-4
Running catexp.sql or catalog.sql............................................................................................... 2-5
Verifying Access Privileges......................................................................................................... 2-5
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Importing Objects into Your Own Schema........................................................................ 2-5
Importing Grants................................................................................................................... 2-7
Importing Objects into Other Schemas.............................................................................. 2-7
Importing System Objects.................................................................................................... 2-7
Importing into Existing Tables......................................................................................................... 2-8
Manually Creating Tables Before Importing Data.................................................................. 2-8
Disabling Referential Constraints.............................................................................................. 2-9
Manually Ordering the Import................................................................................................... 2-9
Effect of Schema and Database Triggers on Import Operations............................................... 2-9
Invoking Import................................................................................................................................ 2-10
Command-Line Entries.............................................................................................................. 2-10
Interactive Import Prompts....................................................................................................... 2-11
Parameter Files............................................................................................................................ 2-11
Invoking Import As SYSDBA................................................................................................... 2-12
Import Modes.................................................................................................................................... 2-13
Getting Online Help........................................................................................................................ 2-14
Import Parameters............................................................................................................................ 2-14
BUFFER........................................................................................................................................ 2-18
CHARSET.................................................................................................................................... 2-18
COMMIT...................................................................................................................................... 2-19
COMPILE..................................................................................................................................... 2-19
CONSTRAINTS.......................................................................................................................... 2-20
DATAFILES................................................................................................................................. 2-20
DESTROY..................................................................................................................................... 2-20
FEEDBACK.................................................................................................................................. 2-20
FILE............................................................................................................................................... 2-21
FILESIZE...................................................................................................................................... 2-21
FROMUSER................................................................................................................................. 2-22
FULL............................................................................................................................................. 2-22
GRANTS...................................................................................................................................... 2-22
HELP............................................................................................................................................ 2-23
IGNORE....................................................................................................................................... 2-23
INDEXES..................................................................................................................................... 2-24
INDEXFILE.................................................................................................................................. 2-24
LOG.............................................................................................................................................. 2-25
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PARFILE....................................................................................................................................... 2-25
RECORDLENGTH..................................................................................................................... 2-25
RESUMABLE............................................................................................................................... 2-26
RESUMABLE_NAME................................................................................................................ 2-26
RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT.......................................................................................................... 2-26
ROWS........................................................................................................................................... 2-26
SHOW........................................................................................................................................... 2-27
SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES................................................................................................... 2-27
STATISTICS................................................................................................................................. 2-27
TABLES........................................................................................................................................ 2-28
Table Name Restrictions..................................................................................................... 2-29
TABLESPACES........................................................................................................................... 2-31
TOID_NOVALIDATE................................................................................................................ 2-31
TOUSER....................................................................................................................................... 2-32
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE................................................................................................... 2-32
TTS_OWNERS............................................................................................................................. 2-32
USERID (username/password)................................................................................................ 2-33
VOLSIZE...................................................................................................................................... 2-33
Example Import Sessions................................................................................................................ 2-34
Example Import of Selected Tables for a Specific User......................................................... 2-34
Example Import of Tables Exported by Another User.......................................................... 2-35
Example Import of Tables from One User to Another.......................................................... 2-36
Example Import Session Using Partition-Level Import........................................................ 2-37
Example 1: A Partition-Level Import................................................................................ 2-37
Example 2: A Partition-Level Import of a Composite Partitioned Table.................... 2-38
Example 3: Repartitioning a Table on a Different Column........................................... 2-39
Example Import of Using Pattern Matching to Import Various Tables............................. 2-42
Parameter File Method....................................................................................................... 2-42
Command-Line Method..................................................................................................... 2-42
Import Messages.................................................................................................................. 2-42
Using the Interactive Method......................................................................................................... 2-43
Warning, Error, and Completion Messages................................................................................. 2-45
Log File ........................................................................................................................................ 2-45
Warning Messages...................................................................................................................... 2-45
Nonrecoverable Error Messages............................................................................................... 2-45
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Completion Messages................................................................................................................ 2-46
Exit Codes for Inspection and Display......................................................................................... 2-46
Error Handling During an Import................................................................................................. 2-46
Row Errors................................................................................................................................... 2-47
Failed Integrity Constraints............................................................................................... 2-47
Invalid Data.......................................................................................................................... 2-47
Errors Importing Database Objects.......................................................................................... 2-47
Object Already Exists.......................................................................................................... 2-48
Sequences.............................................................................................................................. 2-48
Resource Errors.................................................................................................................... 2-48
Domain Index Metadata..................................................................................................... 2-48
Table-Level and Partition-Level Import....................................................................................... 2-49
Guidelines for Using Table-Level Import............................................................................... 2-49
Guidelines for Using Partition-Level Import......................................................................... 2-49
Migrating Data Across Partitions and Tables......................................................................... 2-50
Controlling Index Creation and Maintenance............................................................................ 2-51
Delaying Index Creation............................................................................................................ 2-51
Index Creation and Maintenance Controls............................................................................. 2-52
Example of Postponing Index Maintenance.................................................................... 2-52
Reducing Database Fragmentation............................................................................................... 2-53
Network Considerations................................................................................................................. 2-53
Transporting Export Files Across a Network......................................................................... 2-53
Exporting and Importing with Oracle Net............................................................................. 2-53
Character Set and Globalization Support Considerations....................................................... 2-54
Character Set Conversion.......................................................................................................... 2-54
User Data.............................................................................................................................. 2-54
Data Definition Language (DDL)...................................................................................... 2-54
Import and Single-Byte Character Sets.................................................................................... 2-55
Import and Multibyte Character Sets...................................................................................... 2-55
Considerations When Importing Database Objects.................................................................. 2-55
Importing Object Identifiers...................................................................................................... 2-55
Importing Existing Object Tables and Tables That Contain Object Types........................ 2-57
Importing Nested Tables........................................................................................................... 2-57
Importing REF Data................................................................................................................... 2-58
Importing BFILE Columns and Directory Aliases................................................................. 2-58
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Importing Foreign Function Libraries..................................................................................... 2-59
Importing Stored Procedures, Functions, and Packages ..................................................... 2-59
Importing Java Objects............................................................................................................... 2-59
Importing External Tables......................................................................................................... 2-60
Importing Advanced Queue (AQ) Tables............................................................................... 2-60
Importing LONG Columns....................................................................................................... 2-60
Importing Views......................................................................................................................... 2-60
Importing Partitioned Tables.................................................................................................... 2-61
Support for Fine-Grained Access Control............................................................................... 2-61
Materialized Views and Snapshots............................................................................................... 2-62
Snapshot Log............................................................................................................................... 2-62
Snapshots..................................................................................................................................... 2-63
Importing a Snapshot.......................................................................................................... 2-63
Importing a Snapshot into a Different Schema............................................................... 2-63
Transportable Tablespaces.............................................................................................................. 2-64
Storage Parameters............................................................................................................................ 2-64
The OPTIMAL Parameter.................................................................................................. 2-65
Storage Parameters for OID Indexes and LOB Columns............................................... 2-65
Overriding Storage Parameters......................................................................................... 2-65
The Export COMPRESS Parameter................................................................................... 2-65
Read-Only Tablespaces.............................................................................................................. 2-66
Dropping a Tablespace..................................................................................................................... 2-66
Reorganizing Tablespaces............................................................................................................... 2-66
Importing Statistics.......................................................................................................................... 2-67
Using Export and Import to Partition a Database Migration................................................... 2-68
Advantages of Partitioning a Migration.................................................................................. 2-68
Disadvantages of Partitioning a Migration............................................................................. 2-68
How to Use Export and Import to Partition a Database Migration.................................... 2-69
Using Export Files from a Previous Oracle Release................................................................... 2-69
Using Oracle Version 7 Export Files........................................................................................ 2-69
Check Constraints on DATE Columns............................................................................. 2-69
Using Oracle Version 6 Export Files........................................................................................ 2-70
User Privileges..................................................................................................................... 2-70
CHAR columns.................................................................................................................... 2-70
Status of Integrity Constraints........................................................................................... 2-70
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