Oracle 10g RAC Grid, Services & Clustering

697 Pages·2006·12.346 MB·English

by  Murali Vallath

g
Oracle 10 RAC Grid,
®
Services & Clustering
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g
Oracle 10 RAC Grid,
®
Services & Clustering
Murali Vallath
AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON
NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO
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ISBN 13: 978-1-55558-321-7
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06 07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
Table of Contents
About the Author xvii
About the Technical Contributors xviii
About the Technical Reviewers xviii
Acknowledgments xxi
Preface xxv
About This Book xxv
How to Use This Book xxvi
Appendices xxviii
Graphics Used xxviii
1 Oracle Grid 1
1.1 Electric power grid 3
1.2 Computational grids 4
1.3 Evolution 5
1.4 Enterprise grid computing 6
1.4.1 Virtualization 7
1.4.2 Dynamic provisioning 7
1.4.3 Unified management 7
1.5 Globus Toolkit 8
1.6 Oracle grid 8
1.6.1 Oracle Database Clustering 9
1.6.2 Enterprise Manager 12
1.7 Conclusion 13
vii
viii Table of Contents
2 Real Application Cluster Architecture 15
2.1 RAC components 15
2.1.1 Oracle Clusterware 18
2.2 Real Application Cluster 30
2.3 Background processes in RAC 32
2.4 Database files in RAC 35
2.4.1 Server parameter file 35
2.4.2 Datafiles 36
2.4.3 Control files 36
2.4.4 Online redo log files 37
2.4.5 Archived redo log files 38
2.4.6 Other files 38
2.5 Maintaining read consistency in RAC 39
2.6 Cache fusion 40
2.7 Global Resource Directory 42
2.8 Mastering of resources 46
2.9 Lock management 49
2.10 Multi-instance transaction behavior 50
2.11 Recovery 65
2.11.1 Cache recovery 66
2.11.2 Transaction recovery 66
2.11.3 Online block recovery 67
2.12 Conclusion 68
3 Storage Management 69
3.1 Disk fundamentals 70
3.1.1 RAID 0 73
3.1.2 RAID 1 73
3.1.3 RAID 0+1 74
3.1.4 RAID 1+0 74
3.1.5 RAID 5 75
3.2 Data operations 76
3.3 SAME 76
3.4 Oracle Managed Files 78
3.5 Storage options for RAC 78
3.5.1 RAW devices 78
3.5.2 Clustered file system 79
3.6 Automatic storage management (ASM) 79
3.6.1 ASM installation 80
3.6.2 Configuring ASMLIB 84
3.6.3 Architecture 87
Table of Contents ix
3.6.4 Disks 88
3.6.5 Disk groups 89
3.6.6 Using the command line to create disk groups 91
3.6.7 Failure groups 93
3.6.8 Normal redundancy 94
3.6.9 High redundancy 95
3.6.10 External redundancy 97
3.6.11 ASM templates 103
3.6.12 Stripe types 107
3.6.13 Disk group in a RAC environment 108
3.6.14 ASM files 109
3.6.15 ASM-related V$ Views 110
3.6.16 Background process 110
3.6.17 How do they all work? 115
3.6.18 ASM allocation units 117
3.6.19 ASM component relationship 119
3.6.20 New command-line interface 120
3.7 Migration to ASM 121
3.7.1 Converting non-ASM database to ASM using RMAN 121
3.7.2 Converting non-ASM datafile to ASM using RMAN 122
3.7.3 Converting non-ASM datafile to ASM using
DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER stored procedure 123
3.7.4 Transferring non-ASM datafile to ASM using FTP 125
3.8 ASM performance monitoring using EM 126
3.9 ASM implementations 127
3.9.1 Using ASM from a single node 128
3.9.2 Using ASM from multiple nodes 129
3.9.3 Using ASM in a RAC environment 131
3.10 ASM instance crash 132
3.11 ASM disk administration 132
3.12 Client connection to an ASM instance 133
3.13 Conclusion 135
4 Installation and Configuration 137
4.1 Optimal Flexible Architecture 137
4.1.1 Installation 138
4.1.2 Preinstallation steps 139
4.2 Selecting the clusterware 140
4.3 Operating system configuration 142
4.3.1 Creation of an oracle user account 142
4.4 Network configuration 143
Contents
x Table of Contents
4.5 NIC bonding 147
4.6 Verify interprocess communication buffer sizes 155
4.7 Jumbo frames 157
4.7.1 Linux kernel version 2.4 and 2.6 158
4.7.2 AIX 158
4.7.3 Solaris 159
4.8 Remote access setup 159
4.9 Configuring the kernel 161
4.10 Configuring the hangcheck timer on Linux systems 163
4.11 Configuring and synchronizing the system clock 164
4.12 Installing Oracle 164
4.12.1 Phase I: Oracle Clusterware installation 166
4.12.2 Phase II: Oracle Software Installation 183
4.12.3 Phase III: database configuration 190
4.12.4 Phase IV: cluster components 204
4.12.5 OCR backup and restore 206
4.12.6 Setting paths and environment variables 206
4.13 Additional information 208
4.14 Conclusion 208
5 Services and Distributed Workload Management 209
5.1 Service framework 209
5.1.1 Types of services 211
5.1.2 Service creation 212
5.2 Distributed workload management 223
5.2.1 Oracle Database Resource Manager 223
5.2.2 Oracle Scheduler 225
5.2.3 DWM workshop 229
5.3 Fast Application Notification 242
5.3.1 Oracle Notification Services 243
5.3.2 FAN events 247
5.4 Conclusion 257
6 Failover and Load-Balancing 259
6.1 Failover 261
6.1.1 How does the failover mechanism work? 261
6.1.2 Database/instance recovery 264
6.1.3 Failover of VIP system service 267
6.1.4 Transparent application failover 270
6.1.5 Fast Connect Failover 288
Table of Contents xi
6.2 Load-balancing 298
6.2.1 Applications not using connection pooling 299
6.2.2 Applications using connection pooling 303
6.3 Conclusion 308
7 Oracle Clusterware Administration
Quick Reference 311
7.1 Node verification using olsnodes 312
7.2 Oracle Control Registry 314
7.2.1 Server control (srvctl) utility 314
7.2.2 Cluster services control (crsctl) utility 317
7.2.3 OCR administration utilities 324
7.3 ONS control (onsctl) utility 328
7.4 EVMD verification 333
7.5 Oracle Clusterware interface 335
7.5.1 Scripting interface framework 336
7.5.2 Oracle Clusterware API 343
7.6 Conclusion 343
8 Backup and Recovery 345
8.1 Recovery Manager 347
8.2 RMAN components 347
8.2.1 RMAN process 348
8.2.2 Channels 349
8.2.3 Target database 349
8.2.4 Recovery catalog database 350
8.2.5 Media Management Layer 350
8.3 Recovery features 350
8.3.1 Flash recovery 350
8.3.2 Change tracking 353
8.3.3 Backup encryption 355
8.4 Configuring RMAN for RAC 356
8.5 Backup and recovery strategy 361
8.5.1 Types of RMAN backups 361
8.6 Configuring RMAN 363
8.7 Reporting in RMAN 370
8.8 Recovery 373
8.8.1 Instance recovery 373
8.8.2 Database recovery 376
8.9 Conclusion 380
Contents