Optics of Nanomaterials

499 Pages·2019·42.775 MB·\499

by  Vladimir I. Gavrilenko (Author)

Second Edition
Optics of Nanomaterials
Vladimir I. Gavrilenko
Optics of Nanomaterials

Second Edition
Optics of Nanomaterials
Vladimir I. Gavrilenko
Publishedby
JennyStanfordPublishingPte.Ltd.
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OpticsofNanomaterials(SecondEdition)
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ISBN978-981-4774-59-8(Hardcover)
ISBN978-0-203-71062-3(eBook)
Dedicatedto
Ludmila,Natasha,Alexander,Alena,
Joshua,Sophia,Adeline,andElias

Contents
PrefacetotheSecondEdition xiii
PrefacetotheFirstEdition xv
1 FabricationandClassificationofNanomaterials 1
1.1 ABriefOverviewofBasicFabricationTechniques 2
1.2 NanomaterialsBasedonPureCarbon 7
1.2.1 NanostructuredBulkCarbon 8
1.2.2 CarbonNanoparticles 9
1.2.3 CarbonNanotubes 10
1.2.4 CarbonNanofibres 12
1.2.5 Graphene 14
1.3 MetallicandMetal-BasedNanoparticles 17
1.3.1 PureMetals 17
1.3.2 Metal-BasedNanoparticles 20
1.4 SemiconductorNanoparticles 22
1.4.1 SemiconductorQuantumWires 23
1.4.2 II–VINanocrystals 25
1.4.3 Core/ShellNanocrystals 27
1.4.4 Wide-Band-GapNanomaterials 28
1.4.5 HollowNanoparticles 32
1.5 AssembledNanoparticlesandNanostructures 36
1.6 Nanocomposites 38
1.7 NanostructuredandNanocompositePolymers 40
1.8 BiologicalNanomaterials 41
2 ElectronEnergyStructureandOpticsofNanostructured
Materials 47
2.1 IntroductiontoQuantumTheoryofElectronsin
Materials 48
viii Contents
2.1.1 TheHydrogenAtom 50
2.1.2 SolidStatePhysicsTerminology 53
2.1.3 QuantumMechanicsofParticlesinPeriodic
Potential 54
2.1.4 Tight-BindingBandStructureofOne-and
Two-DimensionalCrystals 57
2.2 ElectronsinaQuantumWell 62
2.3 ElectronsunderOne-DimensionalConfinement 63
2.3.1 Two-DimensionalElectronsinaSiliconThin
Film 64
2.3.2 Two-DimensionalElectronsinGraphene 66
2.4 OpticalResponseunderOne-Dimensional
Confinement:Graphene 70
2.5 ParticleinSphericallySymmetricPotential 74
2.6 DescriptionoftheElectromagneticFieldinMedia 79
2.7 SemiclassicalTheoryofLinearOpticalResponse 84
2.8 SemiclassicalTheoryofNonlinearOpticalResponse 87
2.9 OpticalResponsefromFirstPrinciples 89
2.10 EffectoftheLocalFieldinClassicalOptics 94
2.11 OpticalLocalFieldEffectfromFirstPrinciples 95
3 NanoscaleOptics 101
3.1 PlasmaExcitationsinOptics 101
3.2 PlasmonResonanceinSphericalNanoparticles 105
3.3 EffectiveMediumApproximationsinOpticsof
Nanomaterials 111
3.4 ElectromagneticFieldEnhancementinMetallic
Nanostructures 113
3.5 PlasmonsinHollowNanoparticles 122
3.6 NegativeIndexMaterials 125
3.7 Near-FieldOptics 133
4 OpticalAbsorptionandFluorescenceofNanomaterials 141
4.1 BasicsofLightEmissionandAbsorption 141
4.2 Photoluminescence 146
4.3 MetallicNanoparticles 150
4.4 NanostructuresBasedonMetallicAlloys 164
4.5 MetallicNanowires 167
Contents ix
4.6 SemiconductorNanowires 171
4.7 SemiconductorNanoparticles 177
4.7.1 NanoparticlesofII–VIMaterials 179
4.7.2 GroupIII-NitrideNanomaterials 183
4.7.3 NanocrystallineGroupIVMaterials 187
5 ExcitonsinQuantumConfinedSystems 191
5.1 ExcitonsinBulkMaterials 192
5.2 Two-DimensionalExcitonsonSurfacesandInterfaces 196
5.3 One-DimensionalExcitonsinQuantumWires 197
5.4 AnalysisofExcitonsinQuantumDotswithinEffective
MassApproximation 200
5.5 ExcitonsinQuantumDotsbeyondEffectiveMass
Approximation 208
5.6 ExperimentalStudiesofExcitonsinQuantumDots 212
5.7 MultiexcitonsinQuantumDots 217
6 RamanSpectroscopyofNanomaterials 231
6.1 BasicsoftheRamanScattering 232
6.2 LightScatteringMechanisms 234
6.3 RamanScatteringofQuantumDots 236
6.4 ExcitonRamanScattering 239
6.5 EffectsofQuantumConfinementonRamanSpectra 245
6.6 SurfaceEnhancedRamanScatteringof
Nanostructures 252
6.7 ElectromagneticMechanismofSERS 258
6.8 ChemicalMechanismofSERS 261
6.9 TowardsMicroscopicUnderstandingofSERS 266
7 CoherentOpticalSpectroscopyofQuantumDots 273
7.1 InteractionofQuantizedOpticalFieldwith
AtomicSystem 276
7.2 RabiOscillations 277
7.3 DressedElectronicStates 280
7.4 QuantumDotsinaCoherentOpticalField:
StrongandWeakCouplingConditions 282
7.5 QuantumDotsinPhotonicCrystals 284
7.6 OpticalAbsorptionofQuantumDotsinaStrong
CoherentField 289