Optically Active Polymers: A Systematic Study on Syntheses and Properties

64 Pages·2017·3.298 MB·English

by  Pradip K. Dutta, Vinod Kumar (auth.)

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN MOLECULAR SCIENCE
Pradip K. Dutta
Vinod Kumar
Optically Active
Polymers
A Systematic Study
on Syntheses and
Properties
123
SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8898
Pradip K. Dutta Vinod Kumar
(cid:129)
Optically Active Polymers
A Systematic Study on Syntheses
and Properties
123
PradipK.Dutta VinodKumar
Department ofChemistry Department ofChemistry
Motilal Nehru National Institute Motilal Nehru National Institute
ofTechnology ofTechnology
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh
India India
ISSN 2191-5407 ISSN 2191-5415 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs inMolecular Science
ISBN978-981-10-2605-8 ISBN978-981-10-2606-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2606-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016950887
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Preface
Recently, the ranking of world institutions has been the front page news to all
academicians, researchers, students and industrialists. Nowadays, innovation and
constructive research are required in every field to survive globally. As a result,
researchhasgainedremarkablemomentumineveryaspectofscience,engineering,
technologyandsocialsciences.Allnationsoftheworldarefocusingonneed-based
research for further development. Research is the sense of mind, imagination and
creation of a person which enumerates the results or shape to the reality. In true
sense, research has multi-dimensional phases and approaches. Like in general, a
physicistshouldprefertoworkonphysicsroute,achemistonchemistryandsoon.
Buttherearemanyareaswhicharecompositeinnature,whereitneedsmulti-talent
expertise and it is only possible from researchers of various disciplines. Optically
activepolymersaresuchmaterialswhereapersonofdifferentfieldsofresearchcan
work.Tocarryoutadvancedstudiesorpresentneed-basedresearch,itismandatory
tounderstandthematerialfirst.Opticallyactivematerialscanrotateintoaplaneof
polarization and its activity originates from the presence of chiral elements in a
polymersuchaschiralcentresorchiralaxesduetolong-rangeconformationalorder
in a macromolecule. Surprisingly, most naturally occurring macromolecules pos-
sess the ability to organize to more complex high structure rather than single one
and manifest their functions. The problems of charged and reactive polymers are
correlatedtoopticallyactivecompoundsanditshowsaninherent property ofboth
ordinary macromolecules and large range of synthetic polymers. It is true that the
properties of a material depend on the synthesis methods. Hence to know all such
characteristics, a good researcher should begin the study of optically active poly-
mers in a systematic manner like from synthesis to property. The present brief
entitled “Optically active polymers: A systematic study on syntheses and proper-
ties” is an attempt to provide the researchers of various backgrounds with a thor-
ough understanding and knowledge of the optically active polymers with a special
emphasis on syntheses and properties. We sincerely thank all learned researchers
v
vi Preface
whose works have been the major source motivation for the preparation of this
brief. We are also thankful to the editorial board and publisher for accepting our
proposal.
Allahabad, India Pradip K. Dutta
May 2016 Vinod Kumar
Acknowledgement
Wegratefullyacknowledgetheresearchenvironmentsupportprovidedtousinthe
Department of Chemistry of the Institute during the preparation of the manuscript.
Theauthorsalsoexpresstheirgratitudetovariousauthorsofdifferentliteratureand
researcherswhoseworkshavebeentheessential sourceandsupporttopreparethe
manuscript in its present form.
vii
About the Book
The brief presents a systematic study of synthesis of optically active polymers. It
discusses in detail about the syntheses of three different types of optically active
polymers from helical polymers, dendronized polymers and other types of poly-
meric compounds. The brief also explains the syntheses of optically active
azoaromatic and carbazole containing azoaromatic polymers and copolymers;
optically active benzodithiophene; and optically active porphyrin derivatives. The
final chapter of the brief discusses different properties of optically active polymers
such as nonlinear optical properties, chiroptical properties, vapochromic behavior,
absorption and emission properties, fabrication and photochromic properties. The
intrinsicdetailsofdifferentpropertiesofopticallyactivepolymerswillbeusefulfor
researchers and industry personnel, who are actively engaged in application ori-
ented investigations.
ix
Contents
Optically Active Polymers: A Systematic Study on Syntheses
and Properties. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1
1 Introduction .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1
2 Synthesis of Optically Active Polymers.... .... .... .... ..... .... 2
2.1 Helical Polymer .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 2
2.2 Poly (ethyl L-lysinimide)s.. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 4
2.3 Poly (ethyl L-lysinamide)s.. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 4
2.4 Optically Active Poly(amide–imide)s . .... .... .... ..... .... 4
2.5 Poly(phenylacetylene)..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 9
2.6 Optically Active Dendronized Polymers... .... .... ..... .... 9
2.7 Optically Active Poly(ester-imide)s [33]... .... .... ..... .... 10
2.8 Optically Active Polyalkylthiophenes [34–37] .. .... ..... .... 10
2.9 Synthesis of Optically Active Azoaromatic and Carbazole
Containing Azoaromatic Polymers and Copolymers.. ..... .... 14
2.10 Synthesis of Optically Active Benzodithiophene Based
Poly(aryleneethynylene)s for Solar Cells [71]... .... ..... .... 21
2.11 Synthesis of Optically Active Porphyrin Derivatives
Bearing Four Chiral Citronellal Moieties .. .... .... ..... .... 25
2.12 Asymmetric Polymerizations of N-Substituted
Maleimides Bearing L-Leucine Ester Derivatives .... ..... .... 26
3 Characterization Techniques for Analyzing the Optical
Activities of Polymers .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 29
4 Properties.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 31
4.1 Nonlinear Optical Properties of Azo-Polymers .. .... ..... .... 31
4.2 Thermal Analysis ... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 34
4.3 Chiroptical Properties ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 35
4.4 Vapochromic Behaviour... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 35
4.5 Absorption and Emission Properties.. .... .... .... ..... .... 36
4.6 Thermosensitivity ... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 37
xi