Optical Turbulence: Astronomy Meets Meteorology: Proceedings of the Optical Turbulence Characterization for Astronomical Applications, Sar

415 Pages·2009·33.843 MB·English

by  Elena Masciadri, Marc Sarazin

OPTICAL TURBULENCE
Astronomy Meets Meteorology
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
OPTICAL TURBULENCE
Astronomy Meets Meteorology
Proceedings of the Optical Turbulence Characterization
for Astronomical Applications
Sardinia, Italy 15 – 18 September 2008
Editors
Elena Masciadri
Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Italy
Marc Sarazin
European Southern Observatory, Germany
Imperial College Press
ICP
Published by
Imperial College Press
57 Shelton Street
Covent Garden
London WC2H 9HE
Distributed by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224
USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601
UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
OPTICAL TURBULENCE
Astronomy Meets Meteorology
Proceedings of the Optical Turbulence Characterization for Astronomical Applications
Copyright © 2010 by Imperial College Press
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval
system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to
photocopy is not required from the publisher.
ISBN-13 978-1-84816-485-7
ISBN-10 1-84816-485-8
Printed in Singapore.
Julia - Optical Turbulence.pmd 1 8/11/2009, 2:21 PM
August5,2009 9:50 WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9inx6in F1˙Contents
v
CONTENTS
Preface............................................................. xi
Conference Group Picture........................................... xvii
Organizers.......................................................... xix
In Memory of A. Erasmus.......................................... xxi
Scientific Program.................................................. xxiii
Optical Turbulence in High Angular Resolution Techniques
in Astronomy....................................................... 1
J. M. Beckers
An Astronomer’s View of Optical Turbulence....................... 13
R. Racine
Using the Scintillation of Extended Objects to Probe the
Lower Atmosphere.................................................. 23
J. M. Beckers
Optical Turbulence Profiles at CTIO from a 12-element Lunar
Scintillometer....................................................... 26
P. Hickson, T. Pfrommer and A. P. Crotts
HVR-GS at Mt. Graham: Optical Turbulence Vertical Distribution
with Standard and High Resolution................................. 34
E. Masciadri, J. Stoesz, F. Lascaux and S. Hagelin
Profilometry for the Lower Terrestrial Atmosphere.................. 42
J. Borgnino, A. Berdja, A. Ziad and J. Maire
SLODAR Turbulence Monitors...................................... 50
R. W. Wilson, T. Butterley and J. Osborn
August5,2009 9:50 WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9inx6in F1˙Contents
vi
High Resolution SLODAR Measurements on Mauna Kea............ 58
T. Butterley, R. W. Wilson, M. R. Chun, R. Avila and
J.-L. Aviles
Vertical Turbulence Profiles at Canary Islands Astronomical Sites... 66
B. Garcia-Lorenzo, J. J. Fuensalida, J. Castro-Almazan and
M. A. C. Rodriguez-Hernandez
C2 Profile from Shack-Hartmann Data: First Steps for Co-slidar
n
Data Processing..................................................... 74
C. Robert, N. V´edrenne, V. Michau and J.-M. Conan
How We Can Understand the Antarctic Atmosphere?............... 82
J. W. V. Storey, M. C. B. Ashley and J. S. Lawrence
TMT Site Testing Survey: Instruments, Methods and Operations.... 90
R. L. Riddle, W. Skidmore, T. Travouillon, M. Scho¨ck and
S. Els
TMT Site Testing Survey: Calibration and Results.................. 98
M. Scho¨ck, S. Els, R. Riddle, W. Skidmore and T. Travouillon
Wavefront Characterization Campaign at ParanalUsing GSM,
MOSP, DIMM-MASS, LUSCI and SCIDAR......................... 108
W. Dali Ali, A. Ziad, A. Berdja, J. Maire, J. Borgnino,
M. Sarazin, G. Lombardi, J. Navarrete, H. V. Ramio, M. Reyes,
J. M. Delgado, J. J. Fuensalida, A. Tokovinin and E. Bustos
Turbulence Outer Scale for High Angular Resolution Techniques.... 120
A. Ziad, J. Borgnino, J. Maire, A. Berdja and F. Martin
Retrieving High Layer Atmospheric Turbulence Statistics on
E-ELT Scales....................................................... 128
C. Arcidiacono, R. Ragazzoni, J. Farinato, G. Gentile,
A. Baruffolo, M. Dima, C. Metti, V. Viotto and E. Diolaiti
The ParanalSurface Layer.......................................... 136
J. Melnick, M. Sarazin, G.-L. Lombardi and J. Navarrete
The Mesoscale MeteorologicalModels Meso-NH and AROME....... 144
C. Lac, T. Maric, J. P. Pinty, J. Cuxart, V. Masson and
P. Tulet
August5,2009 9:50 WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9inx6in F1˙Contents
vii
Introduction to Data Assimilation in Meteorology................... 156
P. Brousseau and L. Auger
Adaptation of Force Restore ISBA Model to Polar Conditions....... 165
P. Le Moigne, J. Noilhan, E. Masciadri, F. Lascaux and
I. Pietroni
Mesoscale NWP Over Antarctica: AMPS and Support for
Ground-Based Astronomy........................................... 173
J. G. Powers
ForOT: A New Approach for the Optical Turbulence Studies
Applied to the Ground-based Astronomy............................ 184
E. Masciadri, F. Lascaux, S. Hagelin and J. Stoesz
The Mauna Kea Weather Center: A Case for Custom Seeing
Forecasts........................................................... 196
T. Cherubini, S. Businger and R. Lyman
Numerical Simulations of the Wintertime Optical Turbulence in
Antarctica with the Mesoscale Model Meso-NH..................... 208
F. Lascaux, E. Masciadri, S. Hagelin and J. Stoesz
MeteorologicalStudy of an Event of Occurrence of Optical
Turbulence at the TMT Candidate Sites............................ 216
O. Cuevas, M. Cure, A. Chaco´n, S. Els, M. Scho¨ck,
R. Riddle, W. Skidmore and T. Travouillon
The Ground Layer Turbulence Observed by MASS-DIMM
During the TMT Site Testing and Its Relation to
MeteorologicalParameters.......................................... 224
S. G. Els, M. Scho¨ck, R. Riddle, W. Skidmore and
T. Travouillon
AstroclimatologicalAnalysis of Ground Based Observatories........ 232
G. Lombardi, V. Zitelli and S. Ortolani
Comparison of the Atmosphere Above the South Pole, Dome C
and Dome A: First Attempt......................................... 240
S. Hagelin, E. Masciadri, F. Lascaux and J. Stoesz
August5,2009 9:50 WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9inx6in F1˙Contents
viii
Correlating SODAR Turbulence Measurements with Ground
Heat Flux Data..................................................... 248
T. Travouillon, R. Riddle, W. Skidmore, M. Scho¨ck and
S. Els
Climatology at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory............ 256
A. M. Varela and C. Mun˜oz-Tun˜´on
SNODAR II: Probing the Atmospheric Boundary Layer on the
Antarctic Plateau................................................... 264
C. S. Bonner, M. C. B. Ashley, J. S. Lawrence,
D. M. Luong-Van and J. W. V. Storey
Adaptive Optics and Interferometry: Present and Future Systems
and Impact of Turbulence........................................... 271
P. Wizinowich
A New Sensor for Laser Tomography on ELTs....................... 283
E. Gendron, M. Brangier, G. Chenegros, F. Vidal,
Z. Hubert, G. Rousset and F. Pouplard
IMAKA: Imaging from Mauna Kea................................. 291
O. Lai, J.-C. Cuillandre, M. R. Chun, R. Carlberg and
H. B. Richer
Dealing with Turbulence: MCAO Experience and Beyond........... 299
R. Ragazzoni, Y. Momany, C. Arcidiacono, R. Falomo,
J. Farinato, M. Gullieuszik, A. Moretti, E. Diolaiti,
M. Lombini, G. Piotto, R. Turolla, E. Marchetti and
R. Donaldson
Pupil Slicing Adaptive Optics: Making Extremely Large
Telescopes Diffraction Limited at Short Wavelenghts................ 307
J. M. Beckers
Why is the VLT Very Efficient?..................................... 308
F. Comero´n
Future-Look Science Operations for the LBT........................ 316
R. F. Green
August5,2009 9:50 WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9inx6in F1˙Contents
ix
Preparing for Operations with the European Extremely Large
Telescope (E-ELT).................................................. 324
F. Comero´n
Evaluation of the GFS and MM5 MeteorologicalModels for
Paranal,Macon and Pachon Astronomical Zones.................... 334
A. Chaco´n, O. Cuevas and M. Cur´e
The Impact of Seismicity on High Angular Resolution Astronomy:
The Case of the Canary Islands..................................... 342
A. Eff-Darwich, B. Garc´ıa-Lorenzo, L. Bonatto,
L. Hern´andez-Guti´errez, R. Vin˜as, J. A. Rodriguez-Losada,
M. J. Blanco and C. Mun˜oz-Tun˜´on
Turbulence Structure and MeteorologicalConditions at Teide and
Roque de los Muchachos Observatories (Canary Islands)............ 350
J. A. Castro-Almaza´n, B. Garc´ıa-Lorenzo and
J. J. Fuensalida
Studying the Relationship Between the Average Velocity of the
Turbulence and High Altitude Winds at the Teide Observatory...... 358
B. Garc´ıa-Lorenzo, C. del Giorgio-Castiglione,
A. Eff-Darwich and J. J. Fuensalida
The Antarctica Polar Vortex: Study of Winter 2005................. 366
F. Lascaux, E. Masciadri, S. Hagelin and J. Stoesz
Surface Layer SLODAR............................................. 371
J. Osborn, R. Wilson and T. Butterley
Giant Magellan Telescope Site Testing and Characterizationat
Las Campanas Observatory......................................... 379
J. E. Thomas-Osip and G. E. Prieto
Author Index........................................................ 387