Oppositional Concepts in Computational Intelligence

327 Pages·2008·6.325 MB·English

by  H. R. Tizhoosh, Mario Ventresca (auth.), Hamid R. Tizhoosh, Mario Ventresca (eds.)

HamidR.TizhooshandMarioVentresca(Eds.)
OppositionalConceptsinComputationalIntelligence
StudiesinComputationalIntelligence,Volume155
Editor-in-Chief
Prof.JanuszKacprzyk
SystemsResearchInstitute
PolishAcademyofSciences
ul.Newelska6
01-447Warsaw
Poland
E-mail:[e-mail]
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ISBN978-3-540-68827-3 ISBN978-3-540-70826-1
Hamid R.Tizhoosh
MarioVentresca
(Eds.)
Oppositional Concepts in
Computational Intelligence
123
Prof.HamidR.Tizhoosh
UniversityofWaterloo
SystemsDesignEngineering
200UniversityAvenueWest
Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1
Canada
Email:[e-mail]
Dr.MarioVentresca
UniversityofWaterloo
SystemsDesignEngineering
200UniversityAvenueWest
Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1
Canada
Email:[e-mail]
ISBN978-3-540-70826-1 e-ISBN978-3-540-70829-2
DOI10.1007/978-3-540-70829-2
StudiesinComputationalIntelligence ISSN1860949X
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008931300
(cid:2)c 2008Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg
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For free inquiry and coexistence of opposites
Preface
“Theoppositeofacorrectstatementisafalsestatement.Buttheopposite
of a profound truth may well be another profound truth.”
– Niels Bohr
This volume is motivated in part by the observationthat opposites permeate
everything around us, in some form or another. Its study has attracted the
attention of countless minds for at least 2500 years. However, due to the lack
of an accepted mathematical formalism foropposition it has not been explicitly
studiedtoanygreatlengthinfieldsoutsideofphilosophyandlogic.This,despite
the fact that we observe opposition everywhere in nature, our minds seem to
divide the world into entities and opposite entities; indeed we use opposition
everyday. We have become so accustomed to opposition that its existence is
accepted, not usually questioned and its importance is constantly overlooked.
On one hand, this volume is a fist attempt to bring together researchers
who are inquiring into the complementarynature of systems and processesand,
on the other hand, provide some elementary components for a framework to
establish a formalism for opposition-based computing. From a computational
intelligence perspective, many successful opposition-based concepts have been
in existence for a long time. It is not our intention to recast these existing
methods,rather to elucidate that,while diverse,they allsharethe commonality
of opposition - in one form or another, either implicitly or explicitly. To this
end, we have attempted to provide rough guidelines to understand what makes
concepts “oppositional”.
The editors are convinced that in spite of the excellence of contributors, this
volume cannot claim completeness simply due to the difficulties that each and
every new scientific endeavor experiences. However, we profoundly believe that
since the future of scientific research cannot ignore opposition, we can embrace
the inescapable imperfections and are grateful to all colleagues who have con-
tributed to this work.
Waterloo, ON, Canada Hamid R. Tizhoosh
May 1, 2008 Mario Ventresca
Contents
1 Introduction
H.R. Tizhoosh, Mario Ventresca .................................... 1
Part I: Motivations and Theory
2 Opposition-Based Computing
H.R. Tizhoosh, Mario Ventresca, Shahryar Rahnamayan ............... 11
3 Antithetic and Negatively Associated Random Variables
and Function Maximization
Don L. McLeish .................................................. 29
4 Opposition and Circularity
Florencio G. Asenjo............................................... 45
Part II: Search and Reasoning
5 Collaborative vs. Conflicting Learning, Evolution and
Argumentation
Lu´ıs Moniz Pereira, Alexandre Miguel Pinto.......................... 61
6 Proof-Number Search and Its Variants
H. Jaap van den Herik, Mark H.M. Winands ......................... 91
Part III: Optimization
7 Improving the Exploration Ability of Ant-Based
Algorithms
Alice Ralickas Malisia ............................................. 121
X Contents
8 Differential Evolution Via Exploiting Opposite Populations
Shahryar Rahnamayan, H.R. Tizhoosh............................... 143
9 Evolving Opposition-Based Pareto Solutions:
Multiobjective Optimization Using Competitive Coevolution
Tse Guan Tan, Jason Teo.......................................... 161
Part IV: Learning
10 Bayesian Ying-Yang Harmony Learning for Local Factor
Analysis: A Comparative Investigation
Lei Shi .......................................................... 209
11 The Concept of Opposition and Its Use in Q-Learning
and Q(λ) Techniques
Maryam Shokri, H.R. Tizhoosh, Mohamed S. Kamel................... 233
12 Two Frameworks for Improving Gradient-Based Learning
Algorithms
Mario Ventresca, H.R. Tizhoosh .................................... 255
Part V: Real World Applications
13 Opposite Actions in Reinforced Image Segmentation
Farhang Sahba, H.R. Tizhoosh...................................... 287
14 Opposition Mining in Reservoir Management
Masoud Mahootchi, H.R. Tizhoosh, Kumaraswamy Ponnambalam ....... 299
Index........................................................... 323
Author Index................................................... 327
List of Contributors
Florencio G. Asenjo Don L. McLeish
University of Pittsburgh, DepartmentofStatisticsandActuarial
P.O.Box 10244, Science,
Pittsburgh, PA 15232-0244, University of Waterloo,
USA Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1
[e-mail] Canada
[e-mail]
Mohamed S. Kamel
Department of Electrical and
Lu´ıs Moniz Pereira
Computer Engineering,
Centro de Inteligˆencia Artificial,
University of Waterloo,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa,
Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1
2829-516Caparica,
Canada
Portugal
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
Masoud Mahootchi
Alexandre Miguel Pinto
Department of Systems Design
Centro de Inteligˆencia Artificial,
Engineering,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa,
University of Waterloo,
2829-516Caparica,
Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1
Portugal
Canada
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
Alice Ralickas Malisia Kumaraswamy Ponnambalam
Department of Systems Design Department of Systems Design
Engineering, Engineering,
University of Waterloo, University of Waterloo,
Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1
Canada Canada
[e-mail] [e-mail]
XII List of Contributors
Shahryar Rahnamayan Jason Teo
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Centre for Artificial Intelligence,
Science, SchoolofEngineeringandInformation
University of Ontario Technology,
Institute of Technology (UOIT), Universiti Malaysia Sabah,
Oshawa,Ontario, L1H 7K4 Canada Locked Bag No. 2073, 88999 Kota
[e-mail] Kinabalu, Sabah,
Malaysia
Farhang Sahba [e-mail]
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering, Hamid R. Tizhoosh
University of Toronto Department of Systems Design
Engineering,
Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4
University of Waterloo,
Canada
Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1
[e-mail]
Canada
[e-mail]
Lei Shi
Department of Computer Science and
H. Jaap van den Herik
Engineering,
TilburgcentreforCreativeComputing
TheChineseUniversityofHongKong,
(TiCC)
Shatin, NT, Hong Kong,
Faculty of Humanities,
China
Tilburg University P.O. Box 90153,
[e-mail]
5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
[e-mail]
Maryam Shokri
Department of Systems Design
Mario Ventresca
Engineering,
Department of Systems Design
University of Waterloo,
Engineering,
Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1
University of Waterloo,
Canada
Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1
[e-mail] Canada
[e-mail]
Tse Guan Tan
Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Mark H.M. Winands
SchoolofEngineeringandInformation Maastricht ICT Competence Centre
Technology, (MICC)
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences,
Locked Bag No. 2073, 88999 Kota Maastricht University
Kinabalu, Sabah, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht,
Malaysia The Netherlands
[e-mail] [e-mail]