Opportunities, use, and transfer of systems research methods in agriculture to developing countries: Proceedings of an international workshop on systems research methods in agriculture in developing countries, 22–24 November 1993, ISNAR, The Hague PDF
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OPPORTUNITIES,USE,ANOTRANSFEROFSYSTEMSRESEARCHMETHODS INAGRICULTURETODEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES Systems Approaches for Sustainable Agricultural Development VOLUME 3 ScientificEditor F.W.T.Penning deVries, CABO-DLO, Wageningen,TheNetherlands InternationalSteering Committee DJ. Dent,Edinburgh, V.K. J.T.Ritchie,EastLansing,Michigan,V.S.A. P.S.Teng,Manila, Philippines L. Fresco,Wageningen, The Netherlands P.Goldsworthy, The Hague,The Netherlands Aims and Scape The book series Systems Approachesfor Sustainable Agricultural Development is intended for readers ranging from advanced students and research leaders to research scientists in developed and developing countries.It will contribute to the development of sustainable and productive systems in the tropics, subtropics and temperate regions, consistent with changes in population, environment, technology andeconomic structure. The series will bring together and integrate disciplines related to systems ap proaches for sustainable agricultural development, in particular from the technical andthe socio-economicsciences, andpresents newdevelopments inthese areas. Furthermore, theseries willgeneralize theintegrated views,results andexperiences to new geographical areas and will present alternative options for sustained agricultural development forspecificsituations. The volumes to be published in the series will be, generalIy, multi-authored and result from multi-disciplinary projects, symposiums, or workshops, or are invited. AIIbooks willmeet thehighest possible scientific quality standards and will beup to-date. The series aims to publish approximately three books per year, with a maximum of500pages each. Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedattheendofthisvolume. Opportunities, use, and transfer of systems research methods in agriculture to developing countries Proceedings of an international workshop on systems research methods in agriculture in developing countries, 22-24 November 1993, ISNAR, The Hague Editedby PETERGOLDSWORTHY InternationalServiceforNationalAgriculturalResearch; TheHague, TheNetherlands and FRITS PENNING DEVRIES DLOResearchInstituteforAgrobiologyandSoilFertility, Wageningen,TheNetherlands SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. AC.I.P. Cataloguerecordforthis bookisavaiIabIefrom theLibraryofCongress ISBN978-0-7923-3206-0 ISBN978-94-011-0764-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0764-8 Printedonacid-freepaper AIIRightsReserved © 1994SpringerScience+BusinessMediaDordrecht OriginallypublishedbyKluwerAcademicPublishersin1994 Nopart ofthe materialprotectedby thiscopyrightnoticemay bereproducedor utilizedinany form orby any means,electronicor mechanical, includingphotocopying,recordingorby any informationstorageand retrievalsystem,withoutwrittenpermissionfrom thecopyrightowner. Contents Foreword ix Editorial xi In memoriam C.T. de Wit xiii SECTION A. AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABIUTY AND SYSTEMS APPROACHES Sustainable growth in agricultural production: the links between production, resources, and research J.K. Lynam 3 A case for setting common objectives for natural resource management H. Zandstra 29 Discussion on Section A 41 SECTION B. THE ROLE OF SYSTEMS APPROACHES AS AN AID TO POLICY DECISIONS AND AS PRACTICAL TOOLS FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Supporting agricultural research policy and priority decisions: an economic-ecologic systems approach S. Wood and P.G. Pardey 45 The role of systems analysis as an instrument in policy making and resource management R. Rabbinge, P.A. Leffelaar and H.C. van Latesteijn 67 The development of strategies for improved agricultural systems and land-use management R.L. McCown, P.G. Cox, B.A. Keating, G.L. Hammer, P.S. Carberry, ME Probert and D.M. Freebairn 81 Discussion on Section B 97 v vi SECTION C. NARS NEEDS AND PRIORITIES FOR ADDRESSING NATURAL RESOURCES ISSUES Needs and priorities of NARS for the management of natural resources: Bangladesh Z. Karim 105 Bhutan's research needs and priorities for the management of natural resources: a small country's perspective P.M. Pradhan, K. Dorjee and P.R. Goldsworthy 127 The institutional and organizational implications of integrating natural resource management and production-oriented research P.R. Goldsworthy, P. Eyzaguirre and L. Boerboom 139 Data requirements for agricultural systems research and applications J.T. Ritchie and lB. Dent 153 Issues of development of an international soils and terrain database L.R. Oldeman 167 Discussion on Section C 179 SECTION D. EXPERIENCE AT A NATIONAL LEVEL OF USE OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS METHODS Multiple-goal planning as a tool to analyze sustainable agricultural production options in Mali E.J. Bakker 189 Needs and priorities for the management of natural resources: a large country's perspective Cheng Xu 199 The use of systems analysis methods-the experience at a national level (India) S. Sankaran 213 Opportunities for use of systems approaches in agricultural research in developing countries-the Senegal experience in research systems D.Y. Sarr 227 vii The SANREM CRSP: a framework for integration of systems analysis methods in a sustainable agriculture and natural resource management research and development agenda W.L. Hargrove, J.W. Bonner, E.T. Kanemasu, c.L. Neely and W. Dar 233 Discussion on Section D 247 SECTION E. TRAINING IN THE USE OF SYSTEMS APPROACHES Requirements for systems research in agricultural and environmental sciences G. Singh, BK Pathak and F.W.T. Penning de Vries 255 Discussion on Section E 267 SECTION F. THE USE OF SYSTEMS METHODS IN RESEARCH AT AN INTERNATIONAL LEVEL Systems research methods and approaches at CIAT- current and planned involvement F. Torres and G. GaUopin 271 Systems approaches for crop improvement and natural resource management research in CIMMYT: past and future L. Harrington, J. Corbett, S. Chapman and H. van Keulen 281 CIP's experiences in the use of systems analysis and simulation J.L. Rueda, C. Leon-Velarde, T. Walker and H. Zandstra 289 Experience of the use of systems analysis in ICARDA H.C. Harris, T.L. Nordblom, A. Rodriguez and P. Smith 295 Systems analysis for agroforestry research for development: the experience of and future use by ICRAF D.A. Hoekstra 303 The use of systems analysis at international and program levels: UTA's experience S.S. Jagtap 313 viii Capacity building and human resource development for applying systems analysis in rice research MJ. Kropff, F.W.T Penning de Vries and P.S. Teng 323 Systems research at WARDA M. Dingkuhn 341 Discussion on Section F 351 Summary of recommendations 359 Acronyms 363 Subject index 365 Foreword In December 1993, ISNAR, in collaboration with International Consortium for Application of Systems Approaches, organized a three-day workshop on systems approaches and modelling for agricultural development. Sponsored by the Dutch Ministry for Development Cooperation, the workshop was attended by participants from 12 national agricultural research systems (NARS), nine international agricul tural research centers (lARCs), and five advanced research organizations (AROs). Although application of systems approaches in agricultural research and resource management is a rather new field, there is already increasing demand for implemen tation of these approaches. This will require a critical mass of specialists in the NARS and IARCs. Before this critical mass can be obtained, however, the experience that has been gained in this area needs to be evaluated, further possibilities need to be explored, and new objectives and targets need to be set. This book, which contains the papers presented at the workshop, assesses the state of the art of systems approaches in agricultural research, resource management, and rural planning. It also gives an impression of the evolution of this interdisciplinary field and its use in national and international research centers. Another, less tangible, outcome of the workshop was its contribution toward strengthening the network of NARS, lARCs, and AROs. It gave participants and organizers a chance to develop contacts, and provided an opportunity to make the first proposals for collaborative programs. Special thanks are due to Peter Goldsworthy and Luc Boerboom for their crucial role in making the workshop a success in this regard. C. Bonte-Friedheim R. Rabbinge jy Editorial note These proceedings follow the same structure as the workshop. The papers and the discussions that accompany them are ordered in four sections. Readers who are relatively new to the subject of natural resource management, and unfamiliar with a systems approach to research, will find Section A of the proceedings helpful. It introduces the concepts of sustainable growth in agricultural production, explains why a systems approach is required, and how this differs from the more familiar production-oriented, commodity-based approach to agricultural research. Section B contains papers that describe some of the systems methods available, and how they are used to support decision making at different levels of organization in the agricultural technology sector. In Sections C and D, some developing countries give their perceptions of their needs and priorities for the management of natural resources, with accounts of the institutional changes and the addititional information needs that these changes imply. Those that have applied systems approaches in their agricultural research give an account of their experience. Section E concerns some of the needs and opportunities for training in the use of systems methods for scientists and managers from developing countries. Section F contains accounts by the interna tional agricultural research centres of the CGIAR of the systems approaches that they have developed and applied. The accounts are a useful milestone of progress since the last occasion when the centers gathered to discuss the subject of agricultural environments at an inter-center workshop in Rome in 1986. The discussions have been condensed and reordered from the notes of the 12 working-group sessions and the concluding panel discussion. The editors have done everything possible to ensure that the reports reflect accurately what was said. The editors wish to thank the contributors for their generous cooperation. We also owe our gratitude to Gisela Soffner for tracking the documents so that nothing was lost and for assisting in preparing the manuscript, and to Jacobine Verhage for helping with the graphical work. We are particularly grateful to Pablo Eyzaguirre and Will em Janssen for their assistance in compiling the discussion notes, and to Kathleen Sheridan and Jan van Dongen for their sustained assistance with the editing and preparation of the manuscript for this publication. xi
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